英美文学选读复习资料 3 浪漫主义时期.docx

英美文学选读复习资料 3 浪漫主义时期.docx

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英美文学选读复习资料3浪漫主义时期

一本章的学习目的和要求

　　通过本章的学习，了解浪漫主义文学的产生的历史，文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征，基本主张，及其对时代及后世英国文学用至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物刻画，语言风格，思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。

二本章考核知识点及考核要求

（一）考核知识点

　　1浪漫主义时期概述

　　　1）浪漫主义时期英国社会的政治，经济，文化背景

　　　2）浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张

　　　3）英国浪漫主义文学的特色

　　　4）浪漫主义文学对同时代及后世英国文学的影响

　　2浪漫主义时期主要作家的文学创作思想及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法及社会意义等。

　　威廉·布莱克；威廉·华兹华斯；塞·特·科勒律治；乔治·戈登·拜伦；珀·比·雪莱；约翰·济兹；简·奥斯汀

（二）考核要求

　　1浪漫主义时期概述

　　　1）识记：

a.浪漫主义时期的界定

　　　　　　　b.历史文化背景

　　　2）领会：

a.浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响。

　　　　　　　b.浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张及对后世文学的影响。

、

　　　3）应用：

a.名词解释：

浪漫主义

　　　　　　　b.浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析

　　2该时期的重要作家

　　　1）识记：

浪漫主义时期的重要作家，代表作品及其主要内容。

　　　2）领会：

重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，社会意义等。

　　　3）应用：

a.浪漫派诗歌（所选作品）的主题，意象分析

　　　　　　　　b.小说《傲慢与偏见》的主题和主要人物的性格分析。

一概述

　1.一般识记

　EnglishRomanticism

　EnglishRomanticism,asahistoricalphaseofliterature,isgenerallysaidtohavebeganin1798withthepublicationofWordsworth&Coleridge'sLyricalBallads&tohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScott'sdeath&thepassageofthefirstReformBillintheParliament.

　2.识记Historical&Culturalbackground

　Duringthisperiod,Englandhadexperiencedprofoundeconomic&socialchange.ThebiggestsocialchangeinEnglishhistorywasthetransferoflargemassesofthepopulationfromthecountrysidetothetowns.AsaresultoftheEnclosures&theagriculturalmechanization,thepeasantsweredrivenoftheirland;someemigratedtothecolonies;somesanktotheleveloffarmlaborers&manyothersdriftedtotheindustrialtownswheretherewasagrowingdemandforlabor.Butthenewindustrialtownswerenobetterthanjungles,wherethelawwas"thesurvivalofthefittest."Thecrueleconomicexploitationcausedlarge-scaleworkers'disturbancesinEngland.

　3领会

（1）InfluencesoftheRomanticMovement

　Romanticismconstitutesachangeofdirectionfromattentiontotheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit.Inessenceitdesignatesaliterary&philosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllife&allexperience.Italsoplacestheindividualatthecenterofart,makingliteraturemostvaluableasanexpressionofthisorheruniquefeelings&particularattitudes&valuingitsaccuracyinportrayingtheindividual'sexperiences.

（2）TheRomanticviewsaboutliterature

　a.TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley&KeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.

　b.TheRomanticperiodisalsoagreatageofprose.ThetwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten&WalterScott.

　c.Besidespoetry&prose,therearequiteanumberofwriterswhohavefriedtheirhandatpoeticdramasinthisperiod.

　4应用

（1）LiteraryTerms

　a.TheRomanticMovement

　Itexpressedamoreorlessnegativeattitudetowardstheexistingsocial&politicalconditionsthatcamewithindustrialization&thegrowingimportanceofthebourgeoisie.TheRomanticsfeltthattheexistingsocietydeniedpeopletheiressentialhumanneeds,sotheydemonstratedastrongreactionagainstthedominantmodesofthinkingofthe18th-centurywriters&philosophers.Wheretheirpredecessorssawmanasasocialanimal,theRomanticssawhimessentiallyasanindividualinthesolitarystate&emphasizedthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual'smind.Romanticismactuallyconstitutesachangeofdirectionfromattentiontotheouter.

　b.TheGothicnovel

　Itisatypeofromanticfictionthatpredominatedinthelate18thcentury&wasonephaseoftheRomanticmovement,itsprincipalelementsareviolence,horror&thesupernatural,whichstronglyappealtothereader'semotion.Withitsdescriptionsofthedark,irrationalsideofhumannature,theGothicformhasexertedagreatinfluenceoverthewriteroftheRomanticperiod.WorkslikeTheMysteriesofUdolpho（1794）byAnnRadcliffe&Frankenstein（1818）byMaryShelleyaretypicalGothicromance.

（2）CharacteristicsofRomanticliteratureinEnglishhistory.

　TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetryBlake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley&KeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.Wordsworth&Coleridgewerethemajorrepresentativesofthismovement.Theyexplorednewtheories&innovatednewtechniquesinpoetrywriting.Theysawpoetryasahealingenergy:

theybelievedthatpoetrycouldpurifybothindividualsouls&thesociety.TheRomanticsnotonlyextolthefacultyofimagination,butalsostresstheconceptofspontaneity&inspiration,regardingthemassomethingcrucialfortruepoetry.Thenaturalworldcomestotheforefrontofthepoeticimagination.Natureisnotonlythemajorsourceofpoeticimagery,butalsoprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter.Wordsworthistheclosesttonature.

　Toescapefromaworldthathadbecameexcessivelyrational,aswellasexcessivelymaterialistic&ugly,theRomanticswouldturntoothertimes&places,wherethequalitiestheyvaluedcouldbeconvincinglydepicted.Romanticsalsotendtobenationalistic,defendingthegreatpoets&dramatistsoftheirownnationalheritageagainsttheadvocatesofclassicalruleswhotendedtoglorifyRome&rationalItalian&Frenchneoclassicalartassuperiortothenativetraditions.TotheRomantics,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules.Theywouldturntothehumblepeople&theireverydaylifeforsubjects,RomanticwritersarealwaysseekingfortheAbsolute,theIdealthroughthetranscendenceoftheactual.Theyhavealsomadeboldexperimentsinpoeticlanguage,versification&design,&constructedavarietyofformsonoriginalprinciplesofstructure&style.

 >>点击下载资料

二该时期的重要作家　

I.WilliamBlake

　1.一般识记：

Hislife

　Englishpoet,artist,&philosopher,borninLondonEngland,Nov28,1757,anddiedinLondon,Aug12,1827.BlakemadedistinguishedcontributionstobothLiterature&art.HerankswithgreatpoetsintheEnglishlanguage&maybeconsideredtheearliestofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoets.Hispoemsrangefromlyricsofchildlikesimplicitytomysticalorpropheticworksofgreatcomplexity.Asanartistheisbestknownforhisengravings,whichareamongthemasterpiecesofgraphicart.

　2.识记Hispolitical,religious&literaryviews

　Blakenevertriedtofitintotheworld;hewasarebelinnocently&completelyallhislife.Hewaspoliticallyofthepermanentleft&mixedagooddealwiththeradicalslikeThomasPaine&WilliamGodwin.LikeShelley,Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'cruelexploitation,sayingthatthe"darksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed,killedchildren&forcedprostitution."Meanwhilehecherishedgreatexpectations&enthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution,®ardeditasanecessarystageleadingtothemillenniumpredictedbythebiblicalprophets.LiterarilyBlakewasthefirstimportantRomanticpoet,showingcontemptfortheruleofreason,opposingtheclassicaltraditionofthe18thcentury&treasuringtheindividual'simagination.

　3.领会Hispoems

（1）Earlyworks

　TheSongsofInnocence（1809）isalovelyvolumeofpoems,presentingahappy&innocentworld,thoughnotwithoutitsevils&sufferings.Forinstance,"HolyThursday"withitsvisionofcharitychildrenlit"witharadiancealltheirown"remindsusterriblyofaworldofloss&institutionalcruelty.Thewretchedchilddescribedin"TheChimneySweeper,"orphaned,exploited,yettouchedbyvisionaryrapture,evokesunbearablepoignancywhenhefinallyputshistrustintheorderoftheuniverseasheknowsit.HisSongsofExperience（1794）paintsadifferentworld,aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,war&repressionwithamelancholytone.ThebenightedEnglandbecomestheworldofthedarkwood&oftheweepingprophet.Theorphansof"HolyThursday"arenow"fedwithcold&usurioushand."Thelittlechimneysweepersings"notesofwoe"whilehisparentsgotochurch&praise"God&hisPriest&King"---theveryinstrumentsoftheirrepression.In"London",thecityisnolongeraparadise,butbecomestheseatofpoverty&despair,ofmanalienatedfromhistrueself.Blake'sMarriageofHeaven&Hell（1790）markshisentryintomaturity.ThepoemwascomposedduringtheclimaxoftheFrenchRevolution&itplaysthedoublerolebothasasatire&arevolutionaryprophecy.Inthispoem,Blakeexplorestherelationshipofthecontraries.Attraction&repulsion,reason&energy,love&hate,arenecessarytohumanexistence.Lifeisacontinualconflictofgive&take,apairingofopposites,ofgood&evil,ofinnocence&experience,ofbody&soul."Withoutcontraries,"Blakestates,"thereisnoprogression."The"marriage,"toBlake,meansthereconciliationofthecontraries,notthesubordinationoftheonetotheother.

（2）Laterworks

　Inhislaterperiod,Blakewrotequiteafewpropheticbooks,whichrevealhimastheprophetofuniversalpolitical&spiritualfreedomandshowthepoethimselfasthespokesmanofrevolt.Themajoronesare:

TheBookofUrizen（1794）,TheBookofLos（1795）.TheFourZoas（1796-1807）&Milton（1804-1920）.

　4.领会CharacteristicsofBlake'spoems

　Blakewholivedintheblazeofrevelation,feltboundtodeclarethat"IknowthatThisworldisaworldofIMAGINATION&Vision,"&that"TheNatureofmyworkisvisionaryorimaginative."

Fromchildhood,Blakehadastronglyvisualmind;whateverheimagined,healsosaw.Asanimaginativepoet,hepresentshisviewinvisualimagesinsteadofabstractterms.

Blakewriteshispoemsinplain&dire