经1101六级改革段落匹配题.docx

经1101六级改革段落匹配题.docx

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经1101六级改革段落匹配题

　Paper--MorethanMeetstheEye

　　A）Wearesurroundedbysomuchpaperandcardthatitiseasytoforgetjusthowcomplexitis.Therearemanyvarietiesandgradesofpapermaterials，andwhilstitisfairlyeasytospotthevarieties，itisfarmoredifficulttospotthegrades.

　　B）Itneedstobeunderstoodthatmostpaperandcardismanufacturedforaspecificpurpose，sothatwhilstthecorn-flakepacketmaylooksmart，itisclearlynotsomethingdestinedforthearchives.Itismadetolookgood，butonlyneedsalimitedlifespan.Itisalsomuchcheapertomanufacturethanhighgradecard.

　　C）Papercanbemadefromanalmostendlessvarietyofcellulose-basedmaterialwhichwillincludemanywoods，cottonsandgrassesorwhichpapyrusisanexampleandfromwherewegettheword"paper".Manyoftheseareveryspecialized，butthepreponderanceofpapermakinghasbeenfromsoftwoodandcottonorrags，withthebulkbeingwood-based.

　　PaperfromWood

　　D）Inordertomakewoodintopaperitneedstobebrokendownintofinestrands.Firstlybypowerfulmachineryandthenboiledwithstrongalkaliessuchascausticsoda，untilafinepulpofcellulosefibersisproduced.Itisfromthispulpthatthefinalproductismade，relyingonthebondingtogetherofthecelluloseintolayers.That，inaverysmallnutshell，istheessenceofpapermakingfromwood.However，therealityisrathermorecomplicated.Inordertogiveusourwhitepaperandcard，themakerswilladdbleachandothermaterialssuchaschinaclayandadditionalchemicals.

　　E）Afurtherproblemwithwoodisthatitcontainsamaterialthatisnotcellulose.Somethingcalledlignin.Thisisessentialforthetreesinceitholdsthecellulosefibrestogether，butifitisincorporatedintothemanufacturedpaperitpresentsarchivistswithaproblem.Lignineventuallybreaksdownandreleasesacidproductsintothepaper.Thiswillweakenthebondbetweenthecellulosefibersandthepaperwillbecomebrittleandlookratherbrownandcareworn.Wehaveallseenthisinoldnewspapersandcheappaperbackbooks.Ithasbeenestimatedthatmostpaperbackbookswillhavealifeofnotgreaterthanfiftyyears.Notwhatweneedforourarchives.

　　F）Sincethelignincanberemovedfromthepaperpulpduringmanufacture，theobviousquestionis"whyisitleftinthepaper?

"Theanswerliesinthefactthatligninmakesupaconsiderablepartofthetree.Byleavingthelignininthepulpapapermakercanincreasehispaperyieldfromatreetosome95%.Removingitmeansayieldofonly35%.Itisclearlyuneconomictoremovetheligninformanypaperandcardapplications.

　　G）Italsomeans，ofcourse，thatlignin-freepaperisgoingtobemoreexpensive，butthatisneverthelesswhatthearchivistmustlookforinhissupplies.Thereisnopointwhatsoeverincarefullyplacingourvaluableartifactsinpaperorcardthatisgoingtohastentheirdemise.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials，causingthemtofadeandissomecasessimplyvanish！

　　H）So，howdowetellapieceofsuitablepaperorcardfromonethatisunsuitable?

Youcannotdoitbysimplylooking，andratherdisappointingly，youcannotalwaysrelyonthelabel."Acid-free"mightbetrueinasmuchasatestonthepapermayindicatethatitisaneutralmaterialatthistime.Butlignincantakeyearsbeforeitstartstheinevitableprocessofbreakingdown，andintherightconditionsitwillspeedupenormously.

　　I）Addedtothis，asIhaveindicatedearlier，papermayalsocontainothermaterialsaddedduringmanufacturesuchasbleach，chinaclay，chemicalwhitenersandsize.Thislookslikeableakpicture，anditwouldbebutforthefactthattherearesupplierswhowillguaranteethematerialthattheysell.Ifyouwanttobeabsolutelysurethatyouarestoringin，orprintingon，thecorrectmaterialthenthisisprobablytheonlyway.

　　J）Incidentally，acidscanmigratefrommaterialtomaterial.Liningoldshoeboxeswithgoodqualityacid-freepaperwilldolittletoguardthecontents.Theacidwillgetthereintheend.

　　PaperfromRag

　　K）Paperisalsocommonlymadefromcottonandragwaste.Thishastheadvantageofbeinglignin-free，butbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees，italsotendstobemuchmoreexpensivethanwoodpulppaper.Youwillstillneedtopurchasefromareliablesourcethough，sinceevenragpaperandcardcancontainundesirableadditives.

　　L）Areliablesourceforqualityragpapersisarecognizedartstockiest.Manywatercolorartistsinsistonusingonlyfinequalityragpaperandboard.

　　M）Themainlessontolearnfromthisinformationisthatyoucannotrelyonpurchasingarchivalmaterialsfromthehighstreet.Theonlysafesolutionistopurchasefromspecialistsuppliers.Itmaycostrathermore，butintheendyouwillknowthatyourimportantandvaluabledataandimageshavethebesthomepossible.

　　1.Thecorn-flakepacketischeaperthanhighgradecard.

　　2.Therearealotofmaterialswhichcanbeusedformakingpaper，butthesuperiorityonesaresoftwood，cottonandrags.

　　3.Duringthewholemanufacturingprocess，thefinalproductismadefromapulpofcellulosefibres.

　　4.Inordertomakewhitepaperandcard，themakerswilladdbleach.

　　5.Liguinisessentialforthetreebutitwillmakepapereasytobreak.

　　6.Manypaperproducerswillpreserveligninduringmanufacture，becauseleavingtheligninwillmakemorepaperfromatree.

　　7.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials.

　　8.Iftheligninisremovedfromthepaper，thepaperwillbemoreexpensive.

　　9.Althoughfreeoflignin，papermadefromcottonandragwastecanalsocostmoremoneythanwoodpulppaperbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees.

　　10.Whatwecanlearnfrom"PaperfromRag"isthatyouhadbetterbuyarchivalmaterialsfromspecialistsuppliers.

　　文章精要

　　本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性，通过介绍用木头和破布料造纸的过程，使我们对纸的类别、属性有了更深入的了解。

　　1.B

　　根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flakepacket，highgradecard，可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flakepacket在制造过程中比高等级的纸（highgradecard）便宜.

　　2.C

　　根据题干中的信息提示词softwood，cottonandrags，可定位到文章第三段最后一句。

　　3.D

　　根据题干中的信息提示词finalproduct，可将答案定位到D段，第二、三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维素纸浆。

　　4.D

　　根据题干中的信息提示词whitepaperandcard，可将答案定位到D段，该部分最后提到为了得到白纸，纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质。

　　5.E

　　根据题干中的信息提示词essentialforthetree，可将答案定位到E段，该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物，其作用是凝聚纤维素，但它会使纸张变得易碎。

　　6.F

　　根据题干中的信息提示词lignin，可将答案定位到F段，该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素，主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量。

　　7.G

　　根据题干中的信息提示词acid，可将答案定位到G段，该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利。

　　8.F

　　根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的F段，因为该段提到，如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素，将会降低树木出产纸张的量，由此可以知道，去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵。

　　9.K

　　根据题干中的信息提示词cottonandragwaste可定位到文章的K段，该部分告诉我们，尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素，但它们要比木制的纸贵很多，这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多，由此可以得出答案。

　　10.M

　　根据题干中的信息提示词PaperfromRa9可定位到文章的最后一段，该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买档案材料，由此可以得出答案。

HowtoMakeAttractiveandEffectivePowerPointPresentations

　　A）MicrosoftPowerPointhasdramaticallychangedthewayinwhichacademicandbusinesspresentationsaremade．ThisarticleoutlinesfewtipsonmakingmoreeffectiveandattractivePowerPointpresentations．

　　TheText

　　B）Keepthewordingclearandsimple．Useactive，visuallanguage．Cutunnecessarywords—agoodruleofthumbistocutparagraphsdowntosentences，sentencesintophrases，andphrasesintokeywords．Limitthenumberofwordsandlinesperslide．TrytheRuleofFive－fivewordsperline，fivelinesperslide．Iftoomuchtextappearsononeslide，usetheAutoFitfeaturetosplititbetweentwoslides．ClickwithintheplaceholdertodisplaytheAutoFitOptionsbutton（itssymbolistwohorizontallineswitharrowsaboveandbelow），thenclickonthebuttonandchooseSplitTextbetweenTwoSlidesfromthesubmenu．

　　C）Fontsizefortitlesshouldbeatleast36to40，whilethetextbodyshouldnotbesmallerthan24．Useonlytwofontstylesperslide—oneforthetitleandtheotherforthetext．Choosetwofontsthatvisuallycontrastwitheachother．GaramondMediumCondensedandImpactaregoodfortitles，whileGaramondorTempusSanscanbeusedforthetextbody．

　　D）Embedthefontsinyourpresentation，ifyouarenotsurewhetherthefontsusedinthepresentationarepresentinthecomputerthatwillbeusedforthepresentation．Toembedthefonts：

（1）OntheFilemenu，clickSaveAs．

（2）Onthetoolbar，clickTools，clickSaveOptions，selecttheEmbedTrueTypeFontscheckbox，andthenselectEmbedcharactersinuseonly．

　　E）Usecolorssparingly；twotothreeatmost．Youmayuseonecolorforallthetitlesandanotherforthetextbody．Beconsistentfromslidetoslide．Chooseafontcolorthatcontrastswellwiththebackground．

　　F）Capitalizingthefirstletterofeachwordisgoodforthetitleofslidesandsuggestsamoreformalsituationthanhavingjustthefirstletterofthefirstwordcapitalized．Inbulletpointlines，capitalizethefirstwordandnootherwordsunlesstheynormallyappearcapped．Upperandlowercaseletteringismorereadablethanallcapitalletters．Moreover，currentstylesindicatethatusingallcapitallettersmeansyouareshouting．Ifyouhavetextthatisinthewrongcase，selectthetext，andthenclickShift＋F3untilitchangestothecasestylethatyoulike．ClickingShift＋F3togglesthetextcasebetweenALLCAPS，lowercase，andInitialCapitalstyles．

　　G）Useboldoritalictypefaceforemphasis．Avoidunderlining，itcluttersupthepresentation．Don’tcenterbulletedlistsortext．Itisconfusingtoread．Leftalignunlessyouhaveagoodreasonnotto．Run“spellcheck”onyourshowwhenfinished．

　　T