西安交通大学研究生综合英语ii课后习题答案doc.docx

西安交通大学研究生综合英语ii课后习题答案doc.docx

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西安交通大学研究生综合英语ii课后习题答案doc

Unit1PuttinginaGoodWordforGuilt

2.Vocabulary:

（1）Anincreasingnumberofchildren’sbooksattempttoportraylifeasitisformembersofdisadvantagedandminoritygroups.Thisyearsawthepublicationofarich[assortment]ofrealisticfictionsforchildrenaged8-12andolder.

[assortment]n.Acollectionofvariouskinds;avariety

多种多样;一批品种多样的收藏；多种多样

（2）Peoplewith[narcissistic]personalitydisorderhaveagreatsenseofself-importance.Theyseekexcessiveadmirationfromothersandfantasizeaboutunlimitedsuccessorpower.

[narcissistic]adj.自恋的,自我陶醉的

narcissistn.自我陶醉者

narcissisticallyadv.

（3）Studiesonfilmconsumershadindicatedteenageaudienceassaprimemarket,withtheresultthatHollywoodfilmmakers[obsessively]cateredtothatmarket,sometimesattheexpenseofadultfare.

[obsessively]adv.强迫性地,着迷似地

obsessiveadj.

[1]Of,relatingto,characteristicof,orcausinganobsession着迷,与着迷有关的或具有着迷特征的

obsessivegambling着迷于赌博

[2]Excessiveindegreeornature急迫的,在程度或性质上过分的

anobsessiveneedtowin急迫的想赢的欲望

obsessivenessn.（名词）

obsessvt.（魔鬼、妄想等）缠住;迷住

[常用被动结构]使窘困;使烦扰

beobsessedby[with]被...附上[缠住,迷住心窍]

obsessorn.使人烦扰的人或事

（4）Robinsonfoundmanysavagesonthisisland.Theywereseenwarring,[slaying]andeatingeachother,andsacrificingoneanotherbythousandstotheirgods.

[slaying]<=slayv.tr.（及物动词）

[动词各种形态：

slew,slain,slaying，slays]

[1]Tokillviolently凶狠地杀死

Thesoldiersslaininthebattlewereburriedthatnight.

在那天夜晚，埋葬了在战斗中牺牲了的战士。

[2][Slang]Tooverwhelm,aswithlaughterorlove

【俚语】深深感动;压倒,克服;使禁不住大笑

Thoseoldjokesstillslayme.那些古老的笑话仍让我感动。

MiddleEnglishslen,slayen中古英语slen,slayen

slayern.杀人者,凶手

对比词汇：

destroy;exterminate;kill;puttodeath

（5）Attemptingtomakemoneyfromthegrowing[legion]ofbothfemaleandmalefansofbasketball,hestartedtowritelovestorieswithbasketballasoneoftheelements.

[legion]n.

[1]ThemajorunitoftheRomanarmyconsistingof3,000to6,000infantrytroopsand100to200cavalrytroops.古罗马军团：

古罗马军队的主要单位，由3,000至6,000名步兵和100至200名骑兵组成

[2]Alargemilitaryunittrainedforcombat;anarmy.

军队，兵团：

被训练以用于战斗的庞大的军事单位；军队

[3]Alargenumber;amultitude.SeeSynonymsatmultitude

大量；众多.参见multitude

alegionoffollowers大批追随者

MiddleEnglish:

legioun中古英语legioun

fromOldFrenchlegion源自古法语legion

对照词汇：

army,battalion,company,division,force,outfit,regiments,quad,team,troop,unit

（6）Beingsomewhatolderthanhewas,they[instilled]intohimafalseideaoftheirsuperiority,anditwasbythismeanstheyretainedhimintheir“set”—asetofwild,dissipated（闲游浪荡的）youngmen.

instill

[instill]

v.tr.（及物动词）

[词形：

in.stilled，in.still.ing，in.stills也作in.stils]

[1]Tointroducebygradual,persistentefforts;implant:

逐渐的，持续地灌输；灌输：

“Morality...maybeinstilledintotheirminds”（ThomasJefferson）

“道德可以灌输到他们的头脑中”（托马斯·杰弗逊）

MiddleEnglish：

instillen

中古英语instillen

（7）ItisperhapsdifficultforWhiteSouthAfricans,withan[ingrained]prejudiceagainstcommunism,tounderstandwhyexperiencedAfricanpoliticianssoreadilyacceptcommunistsastheirfriends.

[ingrained]

adj.

Firmlyestablished;deep-seated

根深蒂固的；牢固的

ingrainedprejudice;根深蒂固的偏见

theingrainedhabitsofalifetime

一生的根深蒂固的习惯

（8）Whileadministrationofficialswerekeptbusyansweringthecharges,thesecretaryandchairman[hustled]backandforthbetweencommitteesonbothsidesoftheCapitoldefendingthepaceandscopeofthedefenseeffort.

[hustle]

[词形：

hustled，hustling，hustles]

v.intr.（不及物动词）

Toworkormoveenergeticallyandrapidly

赶忙，有干劲儿：

精力充沛、动作迅速地工作或运动

Comeon,now!

Hustle!

Wehustledtogetdinnerreadyontime.

我们忙着把晚餐按时准备好

hustlefor

[美口]费力气想得到,极力争取

（9）Thousandsofsoccerfansstormedthegatesofanalreadyovercrowdedstadium,minutesbeforegametime.49peoplewerekilledand47injuredinthe[stampede].

[stampede]

n.

[1]Asuddenfrenziedrushofpanic-strickenanimals

惊逃，受惊吓的动物突然狂奔

[2]Asuddenheadlongrushorflightofacrowdofpeople

逃窜，一哄而散，人群突然猛冲或飞奔

Therewasastampedeofpanic-strickencrowdfromtheburninghotel.

一群惊惶失措的人们,从失火的旅馆中跑了出来。

[3]Amassimpulsiveaction蜂拥

astampedeofsupportforthecandidate.

纷纷支持那个侯选人

（10）ForafleetingmomentIfeltuneasy.LikemanyAmericansmakingtheirfirsttriptoanunfamiliarAsiancity,Ihadharbored[qualms]aboutjusthowImightbereceived.

[qualm]

n.

Asuddendisturbingfeeling

不安，疑虑；突然引起不安的感觉

qualmsofhomesickness

思乡症

3.Paraphrase:

（1）Butthenitcametomymindthatpeoplehavegivenupguiltfortoolongatime.Duringthatperiodoftimeofabouttenyearsormore,thosewelcomepsychologistssolvedpeople’smentalproblemsbywritingbooksinsteadofgivingclinicaltreatment.Andtheyaretryingtoadvocatetheconceptthatnobodyshouldfeelguiltyforanything.

（2）Inthepast,itwascommonlythoughtthattolovehimself,everyoneshouldfirstgiveuphisguilt.Forthemostpartofthepasttenyears,peopledeliberatelyignoredthesenseofguiltwithoutunderstandingitsmeaningandsignificance.

（3）What’smore,wewouldneverbeoneofthosewhogiveuptheirguiltwhilebecomingmoreandmoredeterioratedinexcessiveadmirationofthemselves.

（4）Therearepeoplewhoaretorturedbyunreasonableguilt.Ofcoursewearenotwillingtobeoneofthemorguideourchildrentobeoneofthem.

（5）Insuchachangeableworld,oursenseofdutyisverylikelytochangeourfeeling.Nowanoldconceptmayconflictwithanewoneonwhatweshoulddo.Thereisagreatdifferencebetweenourbeliefandtheeducationwegot,andthatdifferenceresultsinthesenseofguilt.

（6）Ifguiltrepresentsthecontradictionofourstandardsofbehavior,itisagoodthingfullofstrengthandhumanness.

（7）Insomeaspect,theso-calledbadfeelingreflectsthebestnatureofhumanbeing.Becausewedon’twanttofeelguilty,wewillnotdobadthings.

（8）Inthataspect,guiltcanmakeuscivilizedandforceusbyconsciencetobegoodpeopleinsteadofputtingourselvesinthefirstplaceurgently.

4.Cloze:

Guiltcanbeafeelingof

（1）[remorse]aboutanactionorsituationinwhichyouhadsomeculpabilityor

（2）[responsibility].Sometimeswecanfeelguiltyeventhereisno（3）[reason].

Anyideasaboutwhathas（4）[triggered]theguilt?

Whatisofinterestinourcontextistheneuroticsenseofguiltwhichisaformof（5）[anxiety]mostlyconnectedtorepressed,murderousrage.Thepersonfeelsasifhehad（6）[committed]amoralcrime.

Doestoomuch（7）[criticism]reallycausetoomuchguilt?

Harshparentingleadstodecreased（8）[empathy],guilt,andselfcontrol.Childrenaremorelikelyto（9）[develop]asenseofmorality/conscienceifparentsuseinduction.Guiltmeansthatapersondoessomethingthat（10）[violate]theirmoralcode,（11）[value]system,ortheirsenseofright/wrongandgood/bad.Inotherwords,oncetheydosomething（12）[against]theirduty,peoplewillhavethesenseofguilt.Inthefinalanalysiswejudgethingsbywhetherthey（13）[fulfill]thepurposeforwhichtheyweremade.Itisa（14）[generally]acceptedprinciplethatonecannotcondemnsomethingfor（15）[failing]toachievewhatitwasnever（16）[intended]toachieve.Ifmanismerelya（17）[biochemical]machine,hecannotbe（18）[judged]onanymoralgrounds（19）[since]thebehaviorofmachinesispredeterminedbytheirvery（20）[nature]andisinnosense“moral.”

5.Translation:

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Tobehappy,amanmustfeel,firstly,freeand,secondly,important.人要想快乐，首先必须感到自由，其次，必须感到自己重要。

Hecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoing,orifwhatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.假如迫于社会压力做自己不乐意做的事，或者乐于做的事被认为一文不值，毫不重要，得不到社会的承认，那么这样的人是不可能真正快乐的。

Amanisalaborerifthejobsocietyoffershimisofnointeresttohimselfbutheiscompelledtotakeitbythenecessityofearningalivingandsupportinghisfamily.倘若一个人对社会给予他的差事不感兴趣，干下去只是出于谋生和养家糊口的需要，那么此人就只是个雇佣劳动者。

Amanisaworkerifheispersonallyinterestedinthejobwhichsocietypayshimtodo.倘若一个人打心眼里对社会掏钱让他干的差事感兴趣，那么他就是一个工作者。

Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.一件差事究竟是劳动还是工作并不取决于差事本身，而是取决于干这个差事的人的喜好。

Thedifferencedoesnotcoincidewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandamentaljob.这种差异并不等同于体力和脑力劳动之间的区别。

Whichamaniscanbeseenfromhisattitudetowardleisure.从一个人对休闲的态度可以看出他属于哪类人。

Toaworker,leisuremeanssimplythehoursheneedstorelaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.对工作者而言，休闲不过是放松休息几个小时，为的是工作起来效率更高。

Heisthereforemorelikelytotaketoolittleleisurethantoomuch.所以他很可能花很少的时间休息，而不是很多。

Tothelaborer,ontheotherhand,leisuremeansfreedomfromcompulsion,sothatitisnaturalforhimtoimaginethatthefewerhourshehastospendlaboring,andthemorehoursheisfreetoplay,thebetter.对劳动者而言恰恰相反，休闲意味着摆脱了羁绊，他总盼着少干多玩，工作时间越短越好，这种想法也在情理之中。

B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

（1）Peopleappealedtothegovernmenttoputinagoodwordfortherealheroafterthetruthcameout.

（2）OnthecomingoftheNewYear,itoccurredtoSamthatheshouldputasidehisworkforawhileandcallhisparents.

（3）Inatimeofchange,youngpeopleoftenputself-interestinthefirstplaceandtuneoutsocialcommitment.

（4）Thegovernmenthasrealizedthatserioussocialproblemsmayarisefromwealthpolarization,andmeasureshavebeentakentoshortenthedistance.

（5）Asthecostofbeingfamous,starsareparticularlyvulnerabletocriticism,becausepeoplealwayshavehigherexpectationsofthem.

（6）Aftertheterroristattackwassuccessfullysuppressed,thehorror-st