《英美文学选读》文档格式.docx
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TitusAndronicus《泰特斯?
安德洛尼克斯》TamingoftheShrew《驯悍记》TheTwoGentlemenofVerona《维罗纳二绅士》
Love'
sLabor'
sLost《爱的徒劳》AMidsummerNight'
sDream《仲夏夜之梦》KingJohn《约翰王的生平和逝世》MuchAdoaboutNothing《无事生非》TheMerryWivesofWindsor《温莎的风流娘们》
JuliusCaesar《朱力叶斯?
凯撒》TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》Asyoulikeit《皆大欢喜》
8.CarlMarx:
"
AeschylusandShakespearearethetwogreatestdramaticgeniustheworldhaseverknown."
9.Hisfriend:
Hedoesnotbelongtoonetime,butbelongstoalltimes
@@@WilliamShakespeare'
swritingfeature
1.Aplayintheplay.
2.BorrowplotsfromotherstoriessuchasRoman,Greekandancientmyth.
3.Severalthreadsrunningthroughtheplay.
4.Combinationoftragicandcomicelements.
@@@@WilliamShakespeare'
swritingstyle
1.Tremendousvocabulary(16,000words,inventwords)
2.Literarydevices(alliteration,simile,metaphor)
3.Usepoetryinhisplay
shumanisticideas
1.Againstcrueltyandanti-naturalcharacterofcivilwars
2.Againstreligiouspersecution,racialdiscrimination,socialinequality.
3.Hatesrebellionanddespisesdemocracy
@@@ThemesinShakespeare'
ssonnets
1.Expressloveandpraisetoayoungman
2.Immortalizebeautythroughverses
3.Friendshiporbetrayaloffriendship
@@@Sonnet
Origin:
Italy
Mostfamousandinfluentialsonneteer:
Petrach
SelectedReadingofShakespeare:
1.Shakespeare'
sSonnet18:
a.LadiesintheeyesofShakespearearenotgoodandbeautiful.Hiswifeis8yearsolderthanhim.
b.Iambicpentameter
c.Mainideas:
1
i.Quatrain1:
praisethebeautyoftheyoungman
ii.Quatrain2:
changesinlifeandnature
iii.Quatrain3:
your"
beautywilllastforever
iv.Couplet:
beautywillliveinmypoem.à
Immortalizebeauty2.AnExcerptfromTheMerchantofVenice
a.HowdoesShylockjustifyhimselfaccordingtotheaccusationofDukeandBassanio?
3reasons.
b.WhydoesShylocksticktohisbondinsteadoftakingtwicehisprinciple?
HehatestheChristiansandisdeterminedtorevengeonthembecausehisdaughterelopeswithaChristian.
c.WhatdoyouthinkofShylockintheearlycourtscene?
Whatabouthimlater?
Intheearlycourtscene,Shylockiscruel,eloquent,stubborn,tricky,isolatedfromlawandfriendship.Inthelatercourtscene,Shylockis
greedy,sympatheticandoppressedbyChristians.
d.WhatisShakespeare'
sattitudetowardsShylock?
Hesympathizesthosewhoareoppressed.AntonioisoppressedbyShylock.ShylockisoppressedbyChristians.
e.Thewholeplayisatragi-comedy.Inthescene,Shylockisthetragicside.Antonioandhisfriendsisthecomicside.
@@@
JohnDonne(1572-1631)
1572Borninamerchantfamily
1591LearnlawattheInnsofCourtinLondon
PrivateSecretarytoSirThomasEgerton,theLordKeeperoftheGreatSeal.
160129y.MarriedEgerton'
sniece,AnnMore.Heworkedhardtofightagainstpoverty.However,it'
sasecretmarriage.Whenthe
marriagewasexposed,hewasputintojail.TheEgertonsregardedthemarriageasanoffence.
1617Hiswifedied.Hedevotedhistimeandeffortstohispriestlyduties,writingsermonsandreligiouspoems.
1621DonnewasappointedtheDeanofSt.Paul'
sandkeptthepostuntilhisdeath.
@@@JohnDonne'
smajorwork
1.SongsandSonnets,wrotebefore1600,55lovepoems.
2.TheElegiesandSatires,hiselegieswroteforlovewhereasothers'
wroteformourningdeadpeople.
3.HolySonnets&
Sermons,SonnetswroteaboutGod,sexuallife,problemofdeathandlife.SermonsareChristianpreaching.
@@@JohnDonneisfamedfor3things
1.Agreatvisitorofladies
2.Agreatfrequenterofplays
3.Agreatwriterofconceitedverses
Athistime,JohnDonnewasfamedasapreacher.Today,heisfamedasalyricpoet.JohnDonnecomparedpartinglovetocompass,flea
comparedtotheunionoflovers.JohnDonne'
sconceitcanbeseenfromhis"
Gocatchingthefallingstar"
inwhichhelistedmany
impossiblethings—themostimpossiblethingisawoman'
sfaithandheart.
Metaphysicalpoetry—iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.
Metaphysicalpoets—arethepoetsinthe17cEnglandwhooftenunconventionallyuseconceitsandwit.Theimageryisdrawfrom
everydaylife.Theformistheformofargument(withGod,lover,himself).Thedictionissimpleandthelanguageiscolloquialbut
powerful.JohnDonneistheleadingof"
metaphysicalschool"
.
@@@SelectedReadingofJohnDonne
1.TheSunRising
2.Death,BenotProud
(1)
JohnMilton(1608-1674)
1608BorninLondon.ACatholicfamily.Hisfatherwasbothascholarandabusinessman.
1620EducatedatSt.Paul'
sSchool
1625EducatedinCambridge
1643Marrieda17y.girlyoungerthanhim
1649AppointedLatinSecretarytoCromwell'
sCouncilofState
1652Becametotallyblind.Hiswifedied.Hemarriedagain.
@@@3periodsinJohnMilton'
slife
1.Englishrevolution
1649CharlesIbeheaded.Cromwelltookthepower
1660Restoration.CharlesIItookthepower
2.Politicalideas:
expresshispoliticalideasinpamphlets
3.Poem:
ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistes.
2
ParadiseLostisalongepicdividedinto12books.Thethemeisthe"
FallofMan"
i.e.man'
sdisobedienceandthelossofParadise.TheoriginalstoryistakenfromGenesis.AdamandEveareoriginallyininnocentspirituallove.TheyarepunishedbyGodbecausetheyeattheappleoftheTreeofKnowledgeseducedbyaserpent.Sincetheyeattheapple,theybegintomakelove.Godthinkstheyarenotinnocent.Theycommittedsin.GoddrivesAdamandEveoutofEden.SatanispunishedbyGodtosufferfromfire.Heknowsthathecan'
twinGodbypower,sohewinsGodbycheating.HeseducedEvetoeattheapple.InParadiseLost,SatanistherebelwhoneverbowsdowntoGodevenwhenhefailed.Heisagoodmilitaryleader.HerefusestoacknowledgethepowerofGod.Heisdeterminedtocontinuethebattle.Hefeelssorrowatthesufferingsofthoseangels.Hehasledtosoterribleapunishment,butheisverycruel.Hehasindomitablepride,unconquerablerebellion,andthewilltoevilandpower.Hesaid,"
Onlydoevil,nogood"
.HetriestobeasequalasGod.
SelectedReadingofJohnMiltonAnExcerptfromParadiseLost
@@@Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriod(1600-1798)
Theageofreasonandenlightenment.It'
saturbulentperiod.
1660TheRestoration
1665TheGreatPlague—BlackDeath.70,000died,2/3homeless.
1688TheGloriousRevolution.JamesIIexiledabroad.ThepersecutionofProtestants.JamesII'
sdaughterMarryandherwifeWilliamturnedbacktoEnglandasfigurehead(KingandQueen)withoutpower.PowerwasintheParliament.EnglandbecamethefirstcapitalistcountrywithConstitutionalmonarchy,whichmarkedtheendoffeudalsociety.
1798ThepublicationofLyricsbyWordsworth
@@@IndustrialRevolution—atthe2ndhalfof18c
Preparationsfortherevolution
1.money—bytradingcompanies,e.g.EastIndiaCompany;
—bymoneyinvestment
2.goods,materials—colonies,e.g.India,NorthAmerica
3.manpower—"
ActofEnclosure"
.Thelandlessandhomelesspeasantbegantoworkincities;
—theinventionoftextilemachineIntherevolution,Bourgeois(middleclass)becamethemainclassinthesociety.Bankers,landlords,slavetraders,merchants,colonistscontrolledtheeconomyofthecountryatthetime.Theybelievedinself-relianceandhardworking.
@@@TheGiantsoftheEnlightenmentMovement:
Voltaire伏乐泰,Mosteiqeu孟德斯鸠,Dierot狄德罗,Rousseau卢梭.
@@@GothicNovel
1.Content:
magic,supernaturalelements,ghosts,monsters.
2.Setting:
oldcastle,graveyard,darkforest
3.Atmosphere:
horrible
JohnBunyan(1628-1688)
1628Borninapoortinker'
sfamily.HereceivedlittleeducationinaGrammarSchool
1647MarriedaChristianwomanandbecameinterestedinChristianity.
1660Bunyanbegantopreach,buthedidn'
thaveapreachinglicensesohewasputintojailfor6years.
1665GreatPlagueinEngland,hewasreleasedfromjail.Fewmonthslater,hewasinjailagainforanother6years.
1672DeclarationofIndependence,hewasreleasedagain.
1675Hislicenseoflaypreacherwastemporarilycancelledandhewasinprisonagain.
Throughouthislife,heonlyreadonebooktheBible.HismostfamousworkisThePilgrim'
sProcess.
@@@Bunyan'
spurposeofwritingThePilgrim'
sProcess
1.UrgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrine
2.Toseeksalvationthroughstrugglingwithhisownweaknessandsocialevils
ThecontentofThePilgrim'
sProcessisaboutChristianity.Thetitlemeans"
lifeisajourney"
.It'
sametaphor.
@@@FormofThePilgrim'
sProcess:
Allegory
1.Astoryinverseorprosewithdoublemeaningsormeaningsattwolevels.
2.Higherlever-concerningmoral,religious,orpoliticalideas.Lowerlevel-yourunderstandingofthestory.
3.MaincharactersinthestoryChristian,Faithful,Hopeful.
4.Thedescriptionofthestoryisrealisticreligiousallegory.
@@@SelectedReadingofJohnBunyan:
TheVanityFair"
fromThePilgrim'
Why"
isasatireontheruling