《英美文学选读》文档格式.docx

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《英美文学选读》文档格式.docx

TitusAndronicus《泰特斯?

安德洛尼克斯》TamingoftheShrew《驯悍记》TheTwoGentlemenofVerona《维罗纳二绅士》

Love'

sLabor'

sLost《爱的徒劳》AMidsummerNight'

sDream《仲夏夜之梦》KingJohn《约翰王的生平和逝世》MuchAdoaboutNothing《无事生非》TheMerryWivesofWindsor《温莎的风流娘们》

JuliusCaesar《朱力叶斯?

凯撒》TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》Asyoulikeit《皆大欢喜》

8.CarlMarx:

"

AeschylusandShakespearearethetwogreatestdramaticgeniustheworldhaseverknown."

9.Hisfriend:

Hedoesnotbelongtoonetime,butbelongstoalltimes

@@@WilliamShakespeare'

swritingfeature

1.Aplayintheplay.

2.BorrowplotsfromotherstoriessuchasRoman,Greekandancientmyth.

3.Severalthreadsrunningthroughtheplay.

4.Combinationoftragicandcomicelements.

@@@@WilliamShakespeare'

swritingstyle

1.Tremendousvocabulary(16,000words,inventwords)

2.Literarydevices(alliteration,simile,metaphor)

3.Usepoetryinhisplay

shumanisticideas

1.Againstcrueltyandanti-naturalcharacterofcivilwars

2.Againstreligiouspersecution,racialdiscrimination,socialinequality.

3.Hatesrebellionanddespisesdemocracy

@@@ThemesinShakespeare'

ssonnets

1.Expressloveandpraisetoayoungman

2.Immortalizebeautythroughverses

3.Friendshiporbetrayaloffriendship

@@@Sonnet

Origin:

Italy

Mostfamousandinfluentialsonneteer:

Petrach

SelectedReadingofShakespeare:

1.Shakespeare'

sSonnet18:

a.LadiesintheeyesofShakespearearenotgoodandbeautiful.Hiswifeis8yearsolderthanhim.

b.Iambicpentameter

c.Mainideas:

1

i.Quatrain1:

praisethebeautyoftheyoungman

ii.Quatrain2:

changesinlifeandnature

iii.Quatrain3:

your"

beautywilllastforever

iv.Couplet:

beautywillliveinmypoem.à

Immortalizebeauty2.AnExcerptfromTheMerchantofVenice

a.HowdoesShylockjustifyhimselfaccordingtotheaccusationofDukeandBassanio?

3reasons.

b.WhydoesShylocksticktohisbondinsteadoftakingtwicehisprinciple?

HehatestheChristiansandisdeterminedtorevengeonthembecausehisdaughterelopeswithaChristian.

c.WhatdoyouthinkofShylockintheearlycourtscene?

Whatabouthimlater?

Intheearlycourtscene,Shylockiscruel,eloquent,stubborn,tricky,isolatedfromlawandfriendship.Inthelatercourtscene,Shylockis

greedy,sympatheticandoppressedbyChristians.

d.WhatisShakespeare'

sattitudetowardsShylock?

Hesympathizesthosewhoareoppressed.AntonioisoppressedbyShylock.ShylockisoppressedbyChristians.

e.Thewholeplayisatragi-comedy.Inthescene,Shylockisthetragicside.Antonioandhisfriendsisthecomicside.

@@@

JohnDonne(1572-1631)

1572Borninamerchantfamily

1591LearnlawattheInnsofCourtinLondon

PrivateSecretarytoSirThomasEgerton,theLordKeeperoftheGreatSeal.

160129y.MarriedEgerton'

sniece,AnnMore.Heworkedhardtofightagainstpoverty.However,it'

sasecretmarriage.Whenthe

marriagewasexposed,hewasputintojail.TheEgertonsregardedthemarriageasanoffence.

1617Hiswifedied.Hedevotedhistimeandeffortstohispriestlyduties,writingsermonsandreligiouspoems.

1621DonnewasappointedtheDeanofSt.Paul'

sandkeptthepostuntilhisdeath.

@@@JohnDonne'

smajorwork

1.SongsandSonnets,wrotebefore1600,55lovepoems.

2.TheElegiesandSatires,hiselegieswroteforlovewhereasothers'

wroteformourningdeadpeople.

3.HolySonnets&

Sermons,SonnetswroteaboutGod,sexuallife,problemofdeathandlife.SermonsareChristianpreaching.

@@@JohnDonneisfamedfor3things

1.Agreatvisitorofladies

2.Agreatfrequenterofplays

3.Agreatwriterofconceitedverses

Athistime,JohnDonnewasfamedasapreacher.Today,heisfamedasalyricpoet.JohnDonnecomparedpartinglovetocompass,flea

comparedtotheunionoflovers.JohnDonne'

sconceitcanbeseenfromhis"

Gocatchingthefallingstar"

inwhichhelistedmany

impossiblethings—themostimpossiblethingisawoman'

sfaithandheart.

Metaphysicalpoetry—iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.

Metaphysicalpoets—arethepoetsinthe17cEnglandwhooftenunconventionallyuseconceitsandwit.Theimageryisdrawfrom

everydaylife.Theformistheformofargument(withGod,lover,himself).Thedictionissimpleandthelanguageiscolloquialbut

powerful.JohnDonneistheleadingof"

metaphysicalschool"

.

@@@SelectedReadingofJohnDonne

1.TheSunRising

2.Death,BenotProud

(1)

JohnMilton(1608-1674)

1608BorninLondon.ACatholicfamily.Hisfatherwasbothascholarandabusinessman.

1620EducatedatSt.Paul'

sSchool

1625EducatedinCambridge

1643Marrieda17y.girlyoungerthanhim

1649AppointedLatinSecretarytoCromwell'

sCouncilofState

1652Becametotallyblind.Hiswifedied.Hemarriedagain.

@@@3periodsinJohnMilton'

slife

1.Englishrevolution

1649CharlesIbeheaded.Cromwelltookthepower

1660Restoration.CharlesIItookthepower

2.Politicalideas:

expresshispoliticalideasinpamphlets

3.Poem:

ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistes.

2

ParadiseLostisalongepicdividedinto12books.Thethemeisthe"

FallofMan"

i.e.man'

sdisobedienceandthelossofParadise.TheoriginalstoryistakenfromGenesis.AdamandEveareoriginallyininnocentspirituallove.TheyarepunishedbyGodbecausetheyeattheappleoftheTreeofKnowledgeseducedbyaserpent.Sincetheyeattheapple,theybegintomakelove.Godthinkstheyarenotinnocent.Theycommittedsin.GoddrivesAdamandEveoutofEden.SatanispunishedbyGodtosufferfromfire.Heknowsthathecan'

twinGodbypower,sohewinsGodbycheating.HeseducedEvetoeattheapple.InParadiseLost,SatanistherebelwhoneverbowsdowntoGodevenwhenhefailed.Heisagoodmilitaryleader.HerefusestoacknowledgethepowerofGod.Heisdeterminedtocontinuethebattle.Hefeelssorrowatthesufferingsofthoseangels.Hehasledtosoterribleapunishment,butheisverycruel.Hehasindomitablepride,unconquerablerebellion,andthewilltoevilandpower.Hesaid,"

Onlydoevil,nogood"

.HetriestobeasequalasGod.

SelectedReadingofJohnMiltonAnExcerptfromParadiseLost

@@@Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriod(1600-1798)

Theageofreasonandenlightenment.It'

saturbulentperiod.

1660TheRestoration

1665TheGreatPlague—BlackDeath.70,000died,2/3homeless.

1688TheGloriousRevolution.JamesIIexiledabroad.ThepersecutionofProtestants.JamesII'

sdaughterMarryandherwifeWilliamturnedbacktoEnglandasfigurehead(KingandQueen)withoutpower.PowerwasintheParliament.EnglandbecamethefirstcapitalistcountrywithConstitutionalmonarchy,whichmarkedtheendoffeudalsociety.

1798ThepublicationofLyricsbyWordsworth

@@@IndustrialRevolution—atthe2ndhalfof18c

Preparationsfortherevolution

1.money—bytradingcompanies,e.g.EastIndiaCompany;

—bymoneyinvestment

2.goods,materials—colonies,e.g.India,NorthAmerica

3.manpower—"

ActofEnclosure"

.Thelandlessandhomelesspeasantbegantoworkincities;

—theinventionoftextilemachineIntherevolution,Bourgeois(middleclass)becamethemainclassinthesociety.Bankers,landlords,slavetraders,merchants,colonistscontrolledtheeconomyofthecountryatthetime.Theybelievedinself-relianceandhardworking.

@@@TheGiantsoftheEnlightenmentMovement:

Voltaire伏乐泰,Mosteiqeu孟德斯鸠,Dierot狄德罗,Rousseau卢梭.

@@@GothicNovel

1.Content:

magic,supernaturalelements,ghosts,monsters.

2.Setting:

oldcastle,graveyard,darkforest

3.Atmosphere:

horrible

JohnBunyan(1628-1688)

1628Borninapoortinker'

sfamily.HereceivedlittleeducationinaGrammarSchool

1647MarriedaChristianwomanandbecameinterestedinChristianity.

1660Bunyanbegantopreach,buthedidn'

thaveapreachinglicensesohewasputintojailfor6years.

1665GreatPlagueinEngland,hewasreleasedfromjail.Fewmonthslater,hewasinjailagainforanother6years.

1672DeclarationofIndependence,hewasreleasedagain.

1675Hislicenseoflaypreacherwastemporarilycancelledandhewasinprisonagain.

Throughouthislife,heonlyreadonebooktheBible.HismostfamousworkisThePilgrim'

sProcess.

@@@Bunyan'

spurposeofwritingThePilgrim'

sProcess

1.UrgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrine

2.Toseeksalvationthroughstrugglingwithhisownweaknessandsocialevils

ThecontentofThePilgrim'

sProcessisaboutChristianity.Thetitlemeans"

lifeisajourney"

.It'

sametaphor.

@@@FormofThePilgrim'

sProcess:

Allegory

1.Astoryinverseorprosewithdoublemeaningsormeaningsattwolevels.

2.Higherlever-concerningmoral,religious,orpoliticalideas.Lowerlevel-yourunderstandingofthestory.

3.MaincharactersinthestoryChristian,Faithful,Hopeful.

4.Thedescriptionofthestoryisrealisticreligiousallegory.

@@@SelectedReadingofJohnBunyan:

TheVanityFair"

fromThePilgrim'

Why"

isasatireontheruling

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