英 文 蜂 学 术 语 解 释.docx

英 文 蜂 学 术 语 解 释.docx

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英文蜂学术语解释

英文蜂学术语解释

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

A

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Acarine

Acarineisamitethateffectsthebreathingofabee.Itismorelikelytooccurinweakercolonies.Oneoftheeasiestmethodsoftreatmentisbyusingsmoke-stripswhichmaybepurchasedfrombeekeepingsuppliers.Treatmentshouldbegiveninearlysummer,priortothehoneyflow.

ACROSOME

Caplikeprocessatthedistalendofthespermthatreleasesproteinsandenzymesthatpermitthespermnucleustoentertheeggcytoplasm.

AmericanFoulBrood

THISISANOTABLEDISEASE.AmericanFoulBroodiscausedbyasporeanditisresistanttodisinfectants,heatandcold-itpersistswithinahiveandmayremaindormantformanyyearsbeforegermination.Itinfectsthelarva（consumingit）andtheydiewithinthesealedcells.Theremainsofthelarvaareabrown,slimylikeresiduewhichwhenprobedwithamatchstick,willdrawoutintoalongthread.

ApisMellifera

Apisisthelatinnameforthehoneybee.MelliferaidentifiesthestrainastheoriginalEuropeanhoneybee.

Apiary

Thesitewhereagroupofhivesaremanaged.

B

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BaldBrood

Thisiscausedbywaxmothlarvaeatingthecellcappingofthebrood-leavingroundholesinthem.Thereisnospecifictreatmentforthis,yousimplyhavetogetthewaxmothpopulationundercontrol.

BeeBrush

Asoftbrushusedforbrushingbeesoffframes.

BeeEscapes

Thesearefittedintothefeedholesofacrownboardinordertoclearthebeesfromthesuperpriortoitbeingremoved.ThemostcommondesignisthePorterbeeescape-thisisaplasticandsprungmetalarrangementthatallowsthebeesone-wayexitfromthesuper.

BraceComb

Thebeesbuildthiscombusuallytofillareasofincorrectlyspacedframesorgapswithinthehive

Braula

'Braulacoeca'or'beelouse'-Aparasitecommonlyfoundinhivesusuallyonthequeen.Itisn'tconsideredtobeaproblemandcanberemovedbyblowingsmokeontotheparasite.

Brood

Theeggsandlarvaofthehive.

BroodChamber

Adeepbox（normallytwicethedepthofasuper）whichcontainsthebrood.Thequeenisusuallyconfinedtothisarea.

BroodandaHalf

Abroodchamberwithasuperontop（thequeenexcludermovedtothetopofthesuper）allowingthequeenalargeregg-layingarea.

BroodDiseases

AmericanFoulBrood;BaldBrood;Chalkbrood;ChilledBrood;EuropeanFoulBrood;Sacbrood

Drone

Malebeeswhoseroleistomatewithvirginqueens.Theyarenormallyfoundinsmallnumbersinthehiveandaremuchbiggerthantheworkerbees.

DrawingOut

Thebuildingoutoffoundationtoproducecells.Thisworkiscarriedoutbytheworkerbeeswhosecretewaxfromglandslocatedontheundersideoftheirbodiesforthispurpose.

C

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Candy

Aconcentratedblockofsugarusedtofeedthecolonyinwinter.

Capping

Athinlayerofwaxusedtocoverhoneycombandbroodcells.

Casts

Smallerswarmsthatemergefromahiveafterthemainswarm.

Cell

Ahexagonalstructurecreatedbytheworkerbeesandisusedtostoreeitherbrood,pollenorhoney.

Chalkbrood

Chalkbroodiscausedbyafungusandresultsinsomeofthebrooddyingandtakingonachalky-white,mummifiedappearance.Mosthiveswillhavesomeevidenceofchalkbrood-thereisnospecifictreatment,butifthereisalotofchalkbrood,thenyoushouldconsiderre-queeningthecolony.

ChilledBrood

Adiseasecausedbybroodbeingneglectedbytheadultbees,resultingfromlowtemperaturesandstarvation.

clearingboard/CrownBoard

usedtocoverthetopsetofframes.Itusuallycontainsoneortwoholesthatcaneitherbeusedforfeedingorbefittedwithbeeescapesinordertoclearasuper.

CutComb

Piecesofhoneycombthatarecutfromframes.

D

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Dadant’hive

Asingle-walledhivedesignedbyDadant.

Diseases

AmericanFoulBrood;BaldBrood;Chalkbrood;ChilledBrood;EuropeanFoulBrood;Sacbrood

Drone

Malebeeswhoseroleistomatewithvirginqueens.Theyarenormallyfoundinsmallnumbersinthehiveandaremuchbiggerthantheworkerbees.

DrawingOut

Thebuildingoutoffoundationtoproducecells.Thisworkiscarriedoutbytheworkerbeeswhosecretewaxfromglandslocatedontheundersideoftheirbodiesforthispurpose.

E

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Eggs

Intheheightoftheseason,thequeenlaysuptotwoandahalfthousandeggsperday.Eacheggislayedinabroodcellandemerges16,21or24dayslaterforaqueen,workerordrone.

EntranceReducer

Ablockdesignedtoeithercloseorlimittheentrancetoahiveinordertopreventrobbing.

Extractor

Anextractorisabarrel-likemachinethatisusedtoextracthoneyfromthecombwithoutdamage.Theycomeinvariousguises,rangingfrommanual,electric,plastic,stainlesssteel,tangential,radialorhorizontal.

EuropeanFoulBrood

THISISANOTABLEDISEASE.EuropeanFoulBroodisadiseasethatmultipliesinthegutofthelarva.Thelarvadiewithin3to4daysinthereunsealedcells.Thediseasedlarvaatfirstappearsyellowishwhichchangestoabrownscale.Lightlyinfectedcoloniescanbetreated.

F

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Feeder

Acontainerforrapidlyfeedingsugarsyruptocoloniesusuallyinearlyspringorautumn.Theycomeinvariousformsrangingfromplasticormetalbucketswithfeedinggauzetospeciallyconstructedsupersthatholdlargeamountsofsyrup.

Floor

Thebaseofthehivethatconsistsofafloorboard,anentranceblockandoptionallyanalightingboard.Thefloorshouldbecleanedandmaintainedinearlyspring.

Foundation

Performedthinsheetofbeeswaxthatisplacedintonewframes-Ithasanimpressionofthehexagonalpatternofthehoneycombandencouragesthebeestodrawoutthecellsformingcombforeitherbroodorstorage.Foundationcanbewiredorunwired.

Frame

Awoodenframethateventuallycontainscomb.Usingframeswithinahiveratherthanallowingbeestobuildwildcomb,allowsthebeekeepertomanagethehivemoreefficiently.

Foraging

Carriedoutbyadultworkerswholeavethehivetocollectnectar,pollenandwater.

FoulBrood

Thisisthemostseriousofbeediseases,seeAmericanFoulBroodorEuropeanFoulBrood.

G

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GlassQuilt

Asee-throughcrownboardthatallowsthebeekeepertoviewinsidethebroodbox.Usuallyreplacedbyawoodencrownboardinwinterastheglassisprobetocondensation.

H

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Hive

Homeofthebees.Inthewild,thiswouldmostlikelybeinsideahollowtree.Earlybeekeepersandtraditionalistsmakeuseofskeps.Themodernhivecomesinvariousdesigns,themostcommonofwhicharelistedbelow:

DadantSinglewalledhiveofAmericandesign

LangstrothMostpopularintheWest-Americandesign

NationalSinglewalledhive-ThemostpopularhiveinGreatBritain

HiveTool

Avitalpieceofequipment.Ametalhook-liketoolusedbythebeekeepertofree-upsupersandframesthathavebeenstucktogetherwithpropolis.

Honey

Theendproductandthemainreasonforkeepingbees.Itisproducedbythebeesfromnectarandisstoredandusedbythecolonyforfood.Thebeesproducefarmorethantheyrequiretoseethemthroughthewinterandtheexcessistakenbythebeekeeper.

Honeycomb

Consistsofhexagonalcellsbuilduponeithersideofacentralverticalwall（usuallyprovidedbythebeekeeperintheformoffoundationwax.Thebeesproducewaxfromtheirwaxglands,thenmoulditwiththeirmandiblestoproducecomb.

HoneyFlow

Thishappensatvarioustimesthroughthegrowingandplantingseasonsinthelocalarea.Itisthetimeoftheyearwhenthemainnectarproducingplantsareinfullflower.IntheUSthefirsthoneyflowisusuallyaroundMarch,Aprilandsomeduringthesummer.Thelasthoneyflowstartsinthefall.

I

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J

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K

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L

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Labeling

Labelsneedtobeplacedonyourproductsbeforeyoucansellthemstatingthefollowing:

Thenameandcontactnumberoraddressoftheproducer.

Twodifferentformsofweightsuchaspoundsandounces.

Nutritioninformation（Optionalunlesslargequantitiesaresold）.

Langstroth‘hive

ThehivedesignedbyLangstrothLLandisthemostpopularintheUSandthroughouttheworld.

M

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ManipulationCloth

Canvasclothusedtocoveranopenbroodchamberorsuperwhenexaminingframes-helpstoquitethebeesandkeeptheminthebox.

Mead

Analcoholicdrinkmadefromhoney-canbesweetordry.Itistheoldestdrinkknowntoman.

MouseGuard

Alsoknownasamouseexcluder.Ametalstripwhichisusuallymadeofzincandcontainsholeslargeenoughforthebeestoenterthehivebutsmallenoughtoexcludemice.Itisusuallyattachedovertheentranceblockinautumnwithtacksordrawingpins.

N

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Nectar

Collectedbyworkerbeesfromflowerswhenthetemperatureissuitableandthenectarrises.Itisthenconvertedintohoneyforthehivesstores.

NucleusorNuc

Ayoungcolonyofbeescoveringapproximatelyfiveframes.

O

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P

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Pheromones

Thequeenemitsapheromone（sometimescalledqueensubstance）whichkeepsthebeesinorder,loyaltoherandstopsthemfrombuildingqueencellsandthusswarming.Asthequeenagesherpheromoneweakensandtheworkerbeesarethenpronetoswarming.

Pollen

Collectedbytheworkerbeesfromflowers.itisthemainsourceoffoodforbrood.Pollencanbeseenstoredinthecombalongwithbroodandhoneyandcomesinanamazingvarietyofcolours.Somebeekeepersareadeptatmatchingthec