英国浪漫主义时期Word文件下载.docx

英国浪漫主义时期Word文件下载.docx

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　　1浪漫主义时期概述

　　　1〕识记：

a.浪漫主义时期的界定b.历史文化背景

　　　2）领会：

a.浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响。

b.浪漫主义文学创作的根本主及对后世文学的影响。

　　　3）应用：

a.名词解释：

浪漫主义b.浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析

　　2该时期的重要作家

　　　2〕领会：

重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题构造，人物塑造，语言风格，社会意义等。

　　　3〕应用：

a.浪漫派诗歌〔所选作品〕的主题，意象分析

　　　　　　　　b.小说?

傲慢与偏见?

的主题和主要人物的性格分析。

　1.一般识记EnglishRomanticism

　EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebeganin1798withthepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge'

sLyricalBalladsandtohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScott'

sdeathandthepassageofthefirstReformBillintheParliament.

　2.识记HistoricalandCulturalbackground

Duringthisperiod,Englandhadexperiencedprofoundeconomicandsocialchange.ThebiggestsocialchangeinEnglishhistorywasthetransferoflargenumberofthepopulationfromthecountrysidetothetowns.AsaresultoftheEnclosures〔圈地运动〕andtheagriculturalmechanization〔农业机械化〕,thepeasantsweredrivenoftheirland,itcausedlarge-scaleworkers'

disturbancesinEngland.

　3领会

　〔1〕InfluencesoftheRomanticMovement

　Romanticismconstitutesachangeofdirectionfromattentiontotheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit.Inessenceitdesignatesaliteraryandphilosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualasthecenterofalllifeandallexperience.Italsoplacestheindividualatthecenterofart,makingliteraturemostvaluableasanexpressionofman’suniquefeelingsandparticularattitudesandindescribingtheindividual'

sexperiences.

（2）TheRomanticviewsaboutliterature

　a.TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,ShelleyandKeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.

　b.TheRomanticperiodisalsoagreatageofprose.ThetwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAustenandWalterScott.

　c.Besidespoetryandprose,somewritershavetriedtowritepoeticdramasinthisperiod.

　4应用

（1）LiteraryTerms

　a.TheRomanticMovement

　Itexpressedamoreorlessnegativeattitudetowardstheexistingsocialandpoliticalconditionsthatcamewithindustrializationandthegrowingimportanceofthebourgeoisie.TheRomanticsfeltthattheexistingsocietydeniedpeopletheiressentialhumanneeds,sotheygetridofthedominantmodesofthinkingofthe18th-centurywritersandphilosophers.TheRomanticssawmanessentiallyasanfreeandindependentindividualandemphasizedthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual'

smind.Romanticismactuallyconstitutesachangeofdirectionfromattentionto….（接上浪漫主义运动的影响）

　b.TheGothicnovel

　Itisatypeofromanticfictionthatpredominatedinthelate18thcenturyandwasonephaseoftheRomanticmovement,itsprincipalelementsareviolence,horrorandthesupernatural,whichstronglyappealtothereader'

semotion.Withitsdescriptionsofthedark,irrationalsideofhumannature,theGothicformhasagreatinfluencetothewriteroftheRomanticperiod.Frankenstein（1818）byMaryShelleyaretypicalGothicromance.

（2）CharacteristicsofRomanticliteratureinEnglishhistory.

　TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.WordsworthandColeridgewerethemajorrepresentativesofthismovement.Theyexplorednewtheoriesandinnovatednewtechniquesinpoetrywriting.Theysawpoetryasahealingenergywhichcouldpurifybothindividualsoulsandthesociety.TheRomanticsnotonlypraisetheimagination,butalsostresstheconceptofspontaneityandinspiration,regardingthemassomethingimportantfortruepoetry.Natureisnotonlythemajorsourceofpoeticimagery,butalsoprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter.Wordsworthistheclosesttonature.　Toescapefromarationalworldthathadbecamematerialisticandugly,theRomanticswouldturntoothertimesandplaces,wherethequalitiestheyvaluedcouldbeconvincinglydepicted.Romanticsalsotendtobenationalistic,defendingthegreatpoetsanddramatistsoftheirownnationalagainsttheadvocatesofclassicalruleswhotendedtoglorifyRome,ItalianandFrenchneoclassicalart.TotheRomantics,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules.Romanticwritersarealwaysseekingfortheabsoluteandidealthroughthetranscendenceoftheactual.Theyhavealsomadeboldexperimentsinpoeticlanguage,versificationanddesign,andconstructedavarietyofformsonoriginalprinciplesofstructureandstyle.

I.WilliamBlake

　Englishpoet,artistandphilosopher,1757-1827.BlakeistheearliestmajorEnglishRomanticpoets.Hispoemsrangefromlyricsofchildlikesimplicitytomysticalorprophetic（预言的）worksofgreatplexity.Asanartistheisbestknownforhisengravings（雕刻）.

2.识记Hispolitical,religiousandliteraryviews

　Blakenevertriedtofitintotheworld,hewasarebelinnocentlyandpletelyallhislife.Hewaspoliticallyofthepermanentleft,Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'

cruelexploitation,meanwhilehehadgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution.LiterarilyBlakewasthefirstimportantRomanticpoet,showingcontemptfortheruleofreason,opposingtheclassicaltraditionofthe18thcenturyandtreasuringtheindividual'

simagination.

3.领会Hispoems

（1）Earlyworks

　TheSongsofInnocence<

天真之歌>

HisSongsofExperience<

经历之歌>

Blake’sMarriageofHeavenandHell?

天堂与地狱的结合?

markshisentryintomaturity.ThepoemwasposedduringtheclimaxoftheFrenchRevolutionanditplaysthedoublerolebothasasatireandarevolutionaryprophecy.Inthispoem,Blakeexplorestherelationshipofthecontraries.Lifeisacontinualconflictofgiveandtake,ofgoodandevil,ofinnocenceandexperience,ofbodyandsoul.“Withoutcontraries,〞Blakestates,“thereisnoprogression.〞

（2）Laterworks

　Inhislaterperiod,Blakewrotequiteafewpropheticbooks,whichrevealhimastheprophetofuniversalpoliticalandspiritualfreedomandshowthepoethimselfasthespokesmanofrevolt.Themajoronesare:

TheBookofUrizen（尤莱森之书）,TheBookofLos（洛斯之书）.AndMilton（弥尔顿）.

　4.领会CharacteristicsofBlake’spoems

Blakedeclarethat“IknowthatthisworldisaworldofimaginationandVision,〞andthat“TheNatureofmyworkisvisionaryorimaginative.〞Asanimaginativepoet,hepresentshisviewinvisualimagesinsteadofabstractterms.Blakewriteshispoemsinplainanddirectlanguage.Hispoemsoftencarrythelyricbeautywithimmensepressionofmeaning.Hedistruststheabstractnessandtendstoembodyhisviewswithvisualimages.Symbolisminwiderangeisalsoafeatureofhispoetry.

　5.应用SelectReadings:

　1）TheChimneySweeper（fromSongsofInnocence）天真之歌

　SongsofInnocenceisalovelyvolumeofpoems,presentingahappyandinnocentworld,thoughnotwithoutitsevilsandsufferings.Forexample,“HolyThursday〞withitsvisionofcharitychildrenlit“witharadiancealltheirown〞remindsusaworldoflossandinstitutionalcruelty.Thepoorchilddescribedin“TheChimneySweeper,〞evokesunbearablepoignancywhenhefinallyputshistrustintheorderoftheuniverseasheknowsit.Inthisvolume,Blake,withhiseagerquestfornewpoeticsformsandtechniques,brokepletelywiththetraditionsofthe18thcentury.Heexperimentedinmeter（音步）andrhymes〔尾韵〕andintroducedboldmetricalinnovationswhichcouldnotbefoundinthepoetryofhiscontemporaries.

　Inthe18thcentury,smallboyssometimesnomorethan4or5yearsold,wereemployedtoclimbupthenarrowchimneyfluesandcleanthem,collectingthesootinbags.Suchboys,sometimessoldtothemastersweepersbytheirpoorparents.Thispoem,infact,isaprotestagainsttheharmthatsocietydoestoitschildrenbyexploitingthemforlaborofthiskind,Thepoemwaswritteninthechild'

s-eyepointofview,andthedramaticirony（whatthespeakersaysinthepoemisdifferentfromwhatthepoetmeans）arisesfromthepoet'

sknowingmoreorseeingmorethanthechilddoes.

　2）TheChimneySweeper（fromsongsofExperience<

）

HisSongsofExperiencepaintsadifferentworld,aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytone.Englandbeestheworldofthedarkwoodandhopeless.In"

London"

thecityisnolongeraparadise,butbeestheseatofpovertyanddespair.Thepoemselectedhererevealsthetruenatureofreligionwhichhelpsbringmiserytothepoorchildren.Thepoemalsorevealstherelationbetweenareeconomiccircumstance,i.e.theexploitationofchildlaborandanideologicalcircumstance,i.e.theroleplayedbyreligioninmakingpeopleplianttoexploitation.

　3）TheTyger（includedinSongsofExperience）

　TheTygerisoneofBlake'

sbest-knownpoems.Itseeminglypraisesthegreatpoweroftiger,butwhatthetigersymbolizesremainsdisputable:

thepowerofman?

Ortherevolutionaryforce?

Ortheevil?

Orasitisusuallyinterpreted,theAlmightyMaker万能的上帝whocreatedboththemeekandgentlelambandtheterribleandawesometiger?

Thepoemishighlysymbolicwithatouchofmysticismanditisopentovariousinterpretations.ThepoemcontainssixquatrainsinrhymingcoupletsanditslanguageIsbriefandforcefulwithananvilrhythm.

　　　　　　　　　　II.WilliamWordsworthWilliamWordsworth（1770-1850）,Hedevelopedakeenloveofnatureasayouth.AnotherimportantinfluenceonhislifewastheFrenchRevolution.In1798WordsworthandColeridgecollaboratedonabookofpoemsentitledLyricalBalladsRobertSouthey,SamuelTaylorColerdgeandWilliamWordsworthareknownasthe"

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