英语学术写作(一)标点符号的使用Word文档格式.doc

英语学术写作(一)标点符号的使用Word文档格式.doc

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=Thespecimenswerecruciformandweighed90–100g.

例句2：

XnotYwasthemostuseful.

=X,notY,wasthemostuseful.

1.Thisdevice,asiswellknown,willseparateXfromY.

2.Letusstrengthen,bymeansofthecircuitofFig.3b,theexamplegivenintheprevioussubsection.

3.Thisbook,whichisaimedatnonnativeresearchers,containsaseriesofexercisespracticingwritingskills.

4.Thispaper,whichisanamplifiedversionofapaperpresentedattheThirdConferenceonWriting,isdividedintofivemainparts.

5.Theresultsofthesurvey,oncetheyhavebeenprocessed,willbeusedtomakeafullassessmentoftheadvantagesofsuchanapproach.

6.Letustakeintoconsideration,usingthedatagiveninTable1,themostimportantparameters.

7.Artistshavealwaysexperimentedwithavarietyoforganicnaturalmaterialsforuseaspaintbindersandvarnishesandasingredientsformordants.

8.FirsthespokeaboutXandthenaboutY.

9.ForbreakfastIhaveyoghurtcornflakesandbaconandegg.

10.Indirectinletmassspectrometrysolidorliquidsamplesareintroducedintoasmallglasscup.

11.Itcosts$2200000.

12.MoreandmoreAmericanswaituntilthedeadlinetopaytheirbills.

13.Themenuofferedtheusualchoicesofturkeylambandchicken.

14.Thepaperisinthreeparts.FirstlywelookintoX.SecondlywediscussY.ThirdlyweinvestigateZ.

（2）分号的使用

以下标号处的分号是否使用得当？

请更正或保留。

Onerelativelyeasymethodtocollectinformationisaskingforitdirectlyfromtheindividualunderaformofquestionnaire.IusedquestionnairesfrombilingualsubjectslocatedinFlorence,

（1）Tuscany;

Milan,

（2）Lombardy;

andRome,Lazio.Theparticipantswereasked,forexample,whentheyacquiredtheirsecond（3）language;

iftheyusebothlanguages（4）regularly;

andhowtheyself-ratetheirlevelofproficiencyinreading,listening,writingandspeaking.Issuesmayarisefromadifferentimportancegiventofactorsaffectinglanguage（5）acquisition;

forexample,canthelengthofresidenceinaforeigncountrybeconsideredanindexofproficiency?

Some27attemptshavebeenmadetodevelopareliableandvalidquestionnaire,whichcouldpredicttherelationshipswithobjectivemeasures（e.g.,Marian,Blumenfeld&

Kaushanskaya,（6）2007;

Tokowicz,Michael&

Kroll,2004）.Althoughthesequestionnaireswerealldifferent,theyshowedaconsistentdegreeofoverlappingitems,forexample,ageofL2（i.e.secondlanguage）first（7）exposure;

yearsofL2instruction（8）received;

andlanguagespokenathome.Lietal.（2006）identifiedtheserecurringitems,whichwereconsolidatedintoasingle（9）source;

however,despitetheauthors’intentiontoaddnewfunctionstotheinterfacetheydidnotdevelopitfurther.

（3）括号的使用

以下句子的括号是否使用得当？

1.Ifthemethodisusedcorrectly（i.e.eachstepisfollowedinsequence）thentheresultsaregenerallyinlinewiththebestresultsobtainedbyotherauthorsintheliterature（e.g.Smith[2011],Yang[2012]andSingh[2013]）.

2.Forcertaincountries（e.g.Peru,ChileandHonduras）thesedistinctionsdonoapply.

3.Thesoftwareperformsallthechecks（price,quantity,quality）.

4.Inpracticethisallowstheuserstoshiftthequeriestoonedirectionortheother,dependingona（positiveornegative）skewingfactor.

5.Wedecidedtousethisprocedure（asdefinedinISO12/998）asitisgenerallymoreefficient.

（4）连字号的使用

以下句子是否需要连字号？

若是，请补全。

1（a）Thesespreadfromcelltocell.

1（b）Celltocellcommunicationisfrequent.

2（a）Thisbehaviorishumanlike.

2（b）Thisisahumanlikebehavior.

3（a）Thisisawellknownproblem.

3（b）Thisproblemiswellknown.

4（a）Wewillreviewthestateoftheartintheliterature.

4（b）Thisisastateoftheartpieceofequipment.

5（a）Thisisusedtocleanupthesample.

5（b）Dothisafterthecleanupprocedure.

6（a）Thereisaonetoonecorrespondence.

6（b）Theseshouldbedoneonebyone.

7（a）Atraditionalsingleclusterassignment.

7（b）Thereisjustasinglecluster.

8（a）Thesestudentsareintheirthirdyear.

8（b）Thesearethirdyearstudents.

9（a）Thisisalittleusedcar–itisverycompact.

9（b）Thisisalittleusedcar–ithasonlydone2000km.

10（a）Weapproachedseveralforeigncardealers（e.g.Ferrari,Honda,

Kia）whotoldus…

10（b）Weapproachedseveralforeigncardealers（i.e.notfromtheUSA）

whotoldus…

（5）大写的使用

例句：

Consequencesoferuditevernacularutilizedirrespectiveofnecessity:

theproblemsofusinglongwordsneedlessly.

=ConsequencesofEruditeVernacularUtilizedIrrespectiveofNecessity:

theProblemsofUsingLongWordsNeedlessly.

1.Aguidetowritingresearchpapersfornon-nativespeakersofEnglish.

2.TheroleofEnglishinthetwentyfirstcentury.

3.ThehistoryofteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage.

4.Aninnovativesystemfortheautomatictranslationofresearchpapers.

5.Thevaluesareshownintable1.Thistablealsoshowsthedailydosesfrommondaytofriday.

6.Theauthorsgratefullyacknowledgesupportfromtheuniversityofmanchester.Thanksarealsoduetodrsusanjamesforrevisingtheenglishofthemanuscript.

7.Inordertomaximizebackgroundconductivity,adionexanionmicromembranesuppressor（dionex,sunnyvale,usa）wasemployed.

8.Thispaperintroduceslogibase,asystemthatintegratesaspreadsheet,arelationaldatabase,andlogicprogrammingparadigmsbyexploitingbooleanvalues.

（6）总结练习A

以下是一篇学术论文引文部分（Introduction），请给它注上合适的标点符号。

Theorderinwhichwesayorwritesomethinggenerallyreflectstheimportancewewanttogivetoeachindividualiteminenglishwetendtoputthesubjectfirstbecausebydoingthistheinterlocutorimmediatelyknowswhatthemaintopicisgoingtobewethenneedtoinserttheverbandthentheobjectwhichisgenerallyofsecondaryimportancethismayseemobviousitisntinmanylanguagesthesubjectorapartoftheverbmayappearattheendofthesentencethisfactwouldseemtoindicatethatwedontallhavethesamethoughtpatternsandthatforothernationalitiesitmaynotbeimportanttoimmediatelyknowtheargumentofthesentence.

TheresultisthatweaslistenersorreadershavecertainexpectationsastotheorderinwhichthewordsaregoingtoappearifthisorderisnotrespectedwemaybethrownoffthetrailinmuchthesamewayforeignstudentswhenspeakingtendtostressinappropriatewordsinasentencehighlightingwordsthatforanenglishspeakerwouldnormallyhavenorelevancethereasonforthisisthatbothenglishwordorderandEnglishstressarestrictlyrelatedtomeaninginotherlanguagesthisisnotalwaysthecasetheproblemisofcoursethatstudentstendtotransfertheirnativewordandstressintoenglish.

（7）综合练习B

请给以下段落注上合适的括号，分号或大写。

Thehomelesspopulationinvolvedinthestudyincludethoseintemporaryorinsecurehousinginahostelstayingwithfriendsorrelativesoutofnecessityorsleepingrough.clientswerescreenedatthirtyfivesiteswhichmakeupthemainhostels,nightsheltersanddaycentresforhomelesspeopleandrefugeesinthesouthlondonboroughsoflambeth,lewishamandsouthwarkmanyoftheseagenciestargethomelesspeoplewhodonotnormallyaccessotherservicesparticularlyhealthcarethescreeningwasadvertisedinadvanceateachsiteasafreeserviceavailabletoallwithincentivesfreemealsprovidedregularscreeningsessionswerearrangedateachsiteoveranumberofmonthsthefrequencyofsessionsdependedonthesizeofthecentreandthedailyturnoverofclientstheoveralluptakeofthescreeningateachsitewasestimatedbycalculatingtheaveragenumberofvolunteersforthescreeningateachcentreasapercentageoftheaveragedailycapacityofeachdropincentreorhostel.

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