论国际商务合同英译的准确性毕业设计论文Word格式.docx

论国际商务合同英译的准确性毕业设计论文Word格式.docx

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摘要

随着我国市场经济的不断发展和改革开放的不断深入，市场竞争机制得到进一步完善，对外经济贸易往来日益频繁，企业涉外经营的规模逐步扩大，与外商合作的机会越来越多，起草、谈判、签订商务合同成为必不可少的环节,其中起桥梁作用的当数翻译了。

而在国际经济贸易活动，合同又是中外当事人开展业务和维护权益最为重要的一种法律文件依据，因此对合同翻译就提出了很高的要求，因为合同翻译的质量对于双方当事人的权利和义务、合同本身的履行及合同争议的解决常常会带来极大的影响。

因此从探究国际商务合同的准确性入手，首先阐述了国际商务合同的定义、语言特点、一般合同经常包含的条款以及研究合同翻译准确性意义的重要性，接着分析了中英两种国际商务合同在词汇，句法，篇章的语言相似性和区别性，并对词汇，句法，篇章三个层次的翻译策略进行了研究。

其次，采用韩礼德的语域理论，分析了它在提高国际商务合同翻译准确性的作用和意义。

最后，文章实例分析了国际商务合同翻译中其它的常见翻译失真，并总结了一名合格译者应该具备的素质。

关键词：

国际商务合同;

汉英翻译;

准确性

Contents

Introduction

1.AboutInternationalBusinessContract

1.1.DefinitionofContract

1.2GeneralProvisionsandLegalElementsofContract

1.3TheSignificanceofStudyingContractTranslationAccuracy

2.AccuracyofContractLanguage

2.1.LanguageComparisonbetweenEnglishandChineseContract

2.1.1.LexicalLevel.

2.1.2.SyntacticLevel

2.1.3.TextualLevel

2.2.TranslationTechniquestoAccuracyImprovementofC-ETranslation

2.2.1.LexicalTranslationTechniques

2.2.2.SyntacticTranslationTechniques

2.2.3.TextualTranslationTechniques

3.AccuracyofContractRegister

3.1Halliday:

TheNotionofRegister

3.2ApplicationofRegisterTheoryinAccuracyImprovement

3.2.1HelpingIdentifytheContractRegister

3.2.2HelpingRealizetheRegisterEquivalenceintheC-EContractTranslation

4.AnalysisofOtherCommonInaccuracies

4.1GrammaticalInaccuracies

4.2MechanicalTranslationInaccuracies

4.3LaymenInaccuracies

5.RequirementsforaGoodTranslator

5.1StrongSenseofResponsibility

5.2BilingualProficiency.

5.3EssentialProfessionalKnowledge

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

Acknowledgments

WiththetrendofglobalizationandChina'

sentryintotheWTO,Chinesebusinesshasbeenundergoingever-frequentexchangeswiththeoutsideworld.Contractdocumenttranslation,asaformofpracticaltranslationoncewasneglectedbyChinesetranslatorsintheirtranslationstudies,hasbeenpaidmoreandmoreattentiontosincethelastdecade.Awell-translated,especiallyanexactlytranslatedcontractdocumentconducestothesmoothperformanceofabusiness,whileapooronemayresultsincostlyfailure.Carryingonstudiesinthisfieldcanleadtopeople'

srecognitionoftheimportanceofcontractdocumenttranslationandthushelptoimprovethecompetitivenessofChineseproductsininternationalmarket.

Throughthesearchinthewesterntranslationcircles,itisfoundthatthefamousEnglishtranslator,AlexanderFraserTytler,hadthreeprinciplesoftranslationinhisEssaysonthePrinciplesofTranslationpublishedin1790.Thesethreeprinciplesontranslationareasfollows:

a）Thetranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork;

b）Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal;

and

c）Thetranslationshouldhavethesameeaseastheoriginalcomposition.[1]

Inthesethreeprinciples,“acompletetranscript”,“thesamecharacter”and“thesameease”areallthedescriptionofaccuracyintranslation.

InChina,Theremaybeabundantfruitsintranslationstudies,suchas（信、达、雅）—"

faithfulness,expressiveness,andelegance"

whichisputforwardbyYanFu;

"

Rathertobefaithfulthantobesmooth"

（宁信而不顺）,whichisadvancedbyLuXun'

s,etc.YanFuputforwardthesethreeprinciplesintheprefaceofhistranslation---"

EthicsandEvolution"

（《天演论》）.Hegaveexpressiontohistheorythat"

translationinvolvesthreerequirementsdifficulttofulfill:

Faithfulness,Expressiveness,andElegance."

（“译事三难:

信、达、雅。

”）Intheirtheories,thestudyofaccuracyisalsoobviousandprominent,suchastheprincipleoffaithfulness.

However,alloftheseprinciplesareoriginallythestandardsforliterarytranslation;

therearenorealcriteriaforbusinesscontracttranslation.Thepresentsituationofbusinesstranslationischaracterizedby“amassofuncoordinatedstatementsanddidnotgobeyondthelimitsofempiricaldeliberationoressayisticaphorisms”.[2]

Basingontheabovedevelopmentandconsideringthefrequencyandrangeoftheapplicationofcontractdocuments,itisconsideredasanurgenttasktoconductafurtherresearchonthebusinesstranslationaccuracyofcontractdocuments,andgreathopeofprobingtheaccuracyofbusinesscontracttranslationintoahigherlevelanddemonstratingthepossibilityofputtingthetranslationintothefullestextent.

Sothebriefknowledgeofbusinesscontractwillbeintroduced,theEnglishbusinesscontractlanguagewillbecomparedwiththeChinesebusinesscontractlanguage,thenthetranslationtechniquesiswellchosenfortheaccuracyimprovementinbusinesscontracttranslation.Next,throughtheadaptationofHalliday’sregistertheory,itsapplicationisalsoprobedfortheaccuracystudy.Finally,othercommoninaccuraciesareillustratedandsuggestionsaregivenformoreexactbusinesscontracttranslation.

Itisself-evidentthatcontractisveryimportantinforeigntradeandbusiness.Thereforethetranslationofcontractisvitalinbusinessactivities.Thedefinitionofcontractwillbefirstlydiscussed.

1.1DefinitionofContract

Acontractordinarilymeansanagreementbetweentwoormorepersons-notmerelyasharedbelief,butacommonunderstandingastosomethingthatistobedoneinthefuturebyone,bothorallofthem.Contractsareessentiallypromises;

orgroupsofpromises,todosomethinginthefuture.Ifthepromiseshavecertaincharacteristicsdefinedbylaw,thenthepromisesgiverisetorightsthatwillbeprotectedbylawandthebreachofthepromiseswillgiverisetoenforcedremedies.

Contractscanbeoralorwritten.Infact,contracts,inabroadsense,aresomuchapartoflivinginasocietythatyouareprobablyunawareofhowmanycontractsyoumakeeveryday:

twopeopleexchangingweddingvowsenterintoacontractofmarriage;

apersonwhohasachildisboundtonurtureandsupportthatchild;

shoppersselectingfoodinasupermarketisboundtopurchasethegoodsforastatedamount.1999ChineseContractLawdefinescontractasfollows:

AcontractinthisLawreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.L.BCurzongivesinhisADictionaryofLawcontracttilefollowingdefinition:

contractisalegallybindingagreement.[3]

Asalescontractneedstobesignedbyandbetweenthesellerandthebuyerafterbothpartieshavearrivedatanagreementsothatthetransactionmaycometoanendtosatisfybothparties.Bydoingso,bothpartiesareboundbythecontractwhichisbasedontherelatedlaw.Inthisway,ifonepartybreachesthecontract,theotherpartyisentitledtotakelegalactionagainsthim.

Onceestablished,aninternationalbusinesscontracthassimilarutilitytoacontractusedinadomestictransaction.Acontractisapromise,orasetofpromises,forbreachofwhichthelawgivesaremedy,orperformanceofwhichthelawinsomewayrecognizesasaduty.Nomatterwhetheritisinternationallawordomesticlaw,sellershavebothrightsandobligationsstipulatedinthecontractandsodobuyers.

1.2GeneralProvisionsandLegalElements

L.BCurzoninhisADictionaryofLawsays:

contractgenerallyinvolves:

（1）offerandabsoluteandunqualifiedacceptance;

（2）meetingofminds;

（3）intentiontocreatelegalrelations;

（4）genuinenessofconsent;

（5）contractualcapacityoftheparties;

（6）legalityofobject;

（7）possibilityofperformance;

（8）certaintyofterms;

（9）valuableconsideration.[3]

The1999ChineseContractLawdefinesthefollowinggeneralprovisions

（1）titleornameanddomicileoftheparties;

（2）contractobject;

（3）quantity;

（4）quality;

（5）priceorremuneration;

（6）timelimit,placeandmethodofperformance;

（7）liabilityforbreachofcontract;

（8）methodstosettledisputes.

InaccordancewithGeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLawofthePeople'

sRepublicofChina,andtheContractLawofthePeople'

sRepublicofChina,abusinesscontractshallbeincompliancewiththefollowinglegalelements:

（1）contractualcapacityoftheparties;

（2）equallegalstatusoftheparties;

（3）genuinenessofconsent;

（4）freewill;

（5）honesty