兰州市高考英语 阅读理解试题附答案Word格式.docx

兰州市高考英语 阅读理解试题附答案Word格式.docx

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schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.

Huawei'

sboomingsalesshowhowmajorpartsofitsbusinesscontinuetoincreaseevenastheUnitedStatestriestopersuadeothercountriestoshutHuaweiproductsoutof5Gwirelessnetworksandpursues（追究）criminalchargesagainstit.ThecompanyexpectstoovertakeSamsungastheworld'

sbiggestsmartphonemakerbynextyear.

Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple（AAPL）,accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'

ssalesplungedalmost20%.

ssuccessinChina,theworld'

slargestsmartphonemarket,ismorethanaboutgeopolitics（地缘政治）.Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-end-phonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.Andbyofferingaselectionofcheaperphones,Huaweiisabletotargetabiggermarket.

ItalsobenefitedfromthetroublesthisyearatZTE（ZTCOF）,arivalChinesesmartphoneandtelecommunicationsequipmentmaker.ZTEwasbannedbytheUSgovernmentfrombuyingvitalAmericanpartsformonthslastyear.

（1）WhydidHuawei'

sChinasalesincreasegreatlyaccordingtothearticle?

A. 

Becausethecompany'

sdevicesarealwayspopularworldwide.

B. 

BecauseChineseconsumers'

patriotismwasaroused.

C. 

BecausethegovernmentencouragespeopletobuyHuaweidevices.

D. 

Becausethecountry'

soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingbigger.

（2）Whatcanweconcludefromthethirdparagraph?

schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadaduetotheUS'

srequest.

AllChinesecompaniesshowedtheirsupporttoHuaweiwiththeirpurchase.

JusyHongthoughttheUnitedStatesarrestedHuawei'

schieffinancialofficer.

JusyHongthoughtthearrestofHuawei'

schieffinancialofficerisunfair.

（3）Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraph?

increasedgreatlyby. 

reducedgreatlyto.

droppedgreatlyby. 

remainedsteady.

（4）WhyisHuawei'

ssuccessinChinamorethanaboutgeopolitics?

BecauseHuaweihasthelargestsmartphonemarketintheworld.

BecauseHuawei'

ssuccessisonlylimitedwithinChinamainland.

BecauseHuaweihastheabilitytotargetabiggermarketintheworld.

BecauseChineseconsumersarequitesatisfiedwithHuaweismartphones.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华为公司在手机市场日益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"

ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism（爱国主义）inChineseconsumers,"

可知中国消费者的爱国主义被唤起，华为在中国的销售量大增。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'

schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.”可知华为的首席财务官因美国的要求在加拿大被捕。

故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文可知华为手机销量大增而苹果手机销量大跌，故推测此处“plunged”意为销量下降。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.”可知中国消费者对华为的智能手机很满意。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCO2fromtheairthanforesttrees.

Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil（化石）fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.

StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'

tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.

Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters（thewidthoftheirtrunks）between2005and2014.Atree'

sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'

swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'

tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees.However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCO2.

Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest，treestendtogrowclosetogether，shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.

（1）WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2?

Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses.

Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.

Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.

Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.

（2）Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees?

Toknowabouttheirgrowthrates. 

Tofindouthowmuchtheyweigh.

Tocheckwhethertheywerehealthy. 

Toassessthecarbonamountsinthem.

（3）Whatadvantagedocitytreeshaveoverforesttrees?

Theyaremorelikelytoaccessgrowthpromoters.

Theycanenjoymorewatercomingfromtheair.

Theycanenjoymoreshadefromneighbors.

Theyarebetteratcompetingforlight.

（4）Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued?

Howurbantreescanlivelonger. 

Whycitylivingmakestreesdieyoung.

Howtreesrespondtodrysoilconditions. 

Whyfaster-growingtreesabsorbmoreC02.

【答案】

（1）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

一项新的研究发现：

与长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快，但死得更早。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.”可知，如果没有二氧化碳，地球将会极冷或极热。

可以推断，二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。

根据第四段中的“Tofigureonhowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters.”可知，研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.”可知，与生长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照，也能得到更多的氮量，还更容易得到水。

光、氮和水都可以促进树木的生长。

由此可以推断，城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。

（4）考查推理判断。

首句就提到了一项新的研究结果：

城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早；

文章第三段说到“以前有研究表明森林会吸收二氧化碳，但是城市里的树木的生长、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的树木一样，这方面的数据不多。

因此一些研究人员决定弄清楚”；

文章第四段再次介绍了他们的研究发现：

文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。

由此可以推断，文章接下来很可能就要介绍城市里的树木死得更早的原因。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Imaginesomeonewhohasspentthemajorityoftheirlifesittingwithasignonthesideoftheroadandthatverypersongivingsomeonetheirlast20dollars.That'

sexactlywhatMarineCorpsveteran（退伍军人）JohnnyBobbitt,34,didinOctoberinPhiladelphia.

BobbittservedintheU.S.MarineCorpsandworkedasaparamedic（医务辅助人员）inVanceCounty,N.C.beforehebecamehomeless.Nobodyknewhowhegottowherehewasbecausehewasdiscreetaboutthat.

OnenightinOctober,BobbittwassittingroadsidewithasigninPhiladelphiaasusual,whenKateMcClureofFlorenceTownship,N.J.wasdrivinghomedownInterstate95andranoutofgas.Scaredandnervous,shegotoutofthecartoheadtothenearestgasstation.AsMcClurewasheadingtothenearestgasstation,sheranintoBobbittandhetoldhertogetbackinthevehicleandlockthedoor.Minuteslater,heappearedwitharedgascan.He'

dusedhislast$20tobuyhergas.

Afterthatunexpectedmeeting,McClureandherboyfriend,MarkD'

Amico,whobothliveinNewJersey,visitedBobbittseveraltimestodelivergiftcards,cash,snacksandtoiletries.Theythendecidedtocreateafundraisingpagesohewouldn'

thavetospendtheholidayssleepingonthestreet.

McClurestartedtheGoFundMepageonNovember10.Withthepage,thecouplehopedtoraise$10,000,enoughmoneyforhisrent,areliablevehicleanduptosixmonths'

expenses.Bobbitt'

sstoryraninalocalpaper.ByNovember15，morethan10,000localpeoplehadmadedonationsthroughtheGoFundMepageandmorethan$300,000hadbeenraised.

OnThanksgiving,Bobbittwasrestinginahotel,hisfeetuponthebed,drawingupagrandplanforhisnewlife,thankstoseveralthousanddollarsraisedtorepayhimforagooddeed.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"

discreet"

inparagraph2mostprobablymean?

Doubtful.