英语句子成分和句型结构Word下载.doc
《英语句子成分和句型结构Word下载.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语句子成分和句型结构Word下载.doc(5页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:
由动词或动词词组组成
Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?
Helookedaftertwoorphans.
复合谓语:
由情态动词或助动词+动词;
HecanspeakEnglishwell.
Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.
找出下列句中的谓语(注:
只有动词才可作谓语。
):
1.WeloveChina.
2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.
3.HecanspeakEnglish.
4.Sheseemstired.
3.表语(predicative):
系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!
Youdon’tlookit.(代词)
Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)
Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)
★(常见的系动词有:
be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),
taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.
找出下列句中的表语。
1.Iamateacher.
2.Theyareontheplayground.
3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.
4.Itgetscold.
5.Itsoundsinteresting.
4.宾语:
1)动作的承受者-----及物动词或介词的宾语
IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)
Howmanydoyouneed?
Weneedtwo.(数词)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语:
pleasepassmethebook.
Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.
找出下列句子的宾语部分:
1.Weoftenhelphim.
2.Helikestoplaybasketball.
3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.
4.Shesaidthathefeltsick.
5.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.
5.宾补:
对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有:
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)
Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)
6.主补:
对主语的补充,全称为主语补足语。
Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.
7.定语:
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)
Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)
TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)
Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)
定语后置:
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置
Thegirlinredishissister.
Wehavealotofworktodo.
Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.
Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?
8.状语:
用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
Iwillgotheretomorrow.
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeeting-room.
Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.
HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
(二)句子结构简单句的五个基本句型
1.主语+不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches.
2.主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.
3.主语+系动词+表语Sheishappy.
4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.
5.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
★There+be句型
Therearesomebooksonthedesk.
Thereliesabookonthedesk.
Exercises:
分析下列句子成分
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
翻译练习:
主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)
1、你应该努力学习Youshouldstudyhard.
2、他昨天晚上很晚回家Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.
练习:
1、Thisboxweighsfivekilos.这个盒子重五公斤。
2、IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.五年前我住在北京。
主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
1、我昨晚写了一封信Iwrotealetterlastnight.
2、我今天下午想和你谈谈Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.
1、AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。
2、Hedidnotknowwhattosay.他不知道说什麽好。
主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语)
1.我的弟弟都是大学生Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.
2.在冬天,白天很短夜晚很长Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.
3.布朗女士看上去很健康MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.
4.在他15岁那年他成为了著名的画家Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.
1、树叶已经变黄了。
Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
2、这个报告听起来很有意思。
Thereportsoundsinteresting.
双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
1.强森先生去年叫我们德语MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.
2.祖父昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
1、请你给我弄一本新的,好吗?
Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?
2、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?
ShallIcallyouataxi?
复合宾语结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
1.我们叫她爱丽丝WecallherAlice.
2.他父母叫他约翰HisparentsnamedhimJohn.
练习:
1、学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。
Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.
2、我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman
Therebe句型
1.今晚不会开会Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.
2.这个村庄里只有一口井Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.
1、铃响了。
Theregoesthebell
2、一周有七天。
Therearesevendaysaweek