阅读理解之隐藏含义.docx

阅读理解之隐藏含义.docx

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阅读理解之隐藏含义

阅读专项指导——领悟文章的隐含意义

一、推断文章的隐含意义（HiddenMeaning）

I．解题指导

要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。

旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。

这类试题的题干中常含infer（推断）,suggest（暗示）,imply（暗示）,indicate（暗示）,conclude（得出结论）,belikelyto…等词语。

解答这类题时，首先通过寻读找到相关信息点；然后研读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。

选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰项，以便缩小选择范围：

（1）原文信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。

（考生易误选）

（2）推理过度的片面结论。

（3）与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。

（4）符合考生已有常识，但文章中没有信息支持。

（考生易误选）

II.专项突破

阅读下列短文或段落,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。

（1）

[2009年广东卷]Weoncehadapostercompetitioninourfifthgradeartclass.…

Everyoneintheclassmadeaposter.Someofususedpartsofthosefancypapernapkins,whileothersusednothingbutcoloredconstructionpaper.…Someofuswouldwanderpastthegoodstudents’desksandthenreturntoourownprojectswithagrowingsenseofhopelessness.Itwasyetanothergrown-uptrickofthesorttheyseemedespeciallyfondof,makingallofusbelievewehadafairchance,andthenalways—always—rewardingthesameoldwinners.

IbelieveIdrewasailboat,butIcan’tsaythatwithanycertainty.Imadeit.Iadmiredit.IdeterminedittobetheverybestofallofthepostersIhadseen,andthenIturneditin.

Minutespassed.

Noonecamealongtogivemethegrandprize…andIprobablyneverwouldhavethoughtaboutthatposteragain.

Iwasstillsittingatmydesk,thinking,whatposter?

Whentheteachergavemeanenvelopewithaten-dollarbillinitandeveryoneintheclassapplaudedforme.

50.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor__________.

A.enjoyedgrown-uptricksverymuch

B.lovedpostercompetitionsverymuch

C.feltsurprisedtowinthecompetition

D.becamewiseandrichafterthecompetition

（2）

[2009年全国II卷]Iknowwhatyou’rethinking:

pizza？

Forbreakfast?

Butthetruthisthatyoucanhavelastnight’sleftoversinthemorningifyouwantto.

Iknowlotsofwomenwhoskipbreakfast,andtheyhaveatonofdifferentexcusesfordoingit.Somesaytheydon’thavetime,othersthinkthey’re“saving”calories（热量单位,卡）,stillothersjustdon’tlikebreakfastfood.

Butthebottomlineisthateatinginthemorningisveryimportantwhenyou’retryingtoloseweight…Andevenpizzacanbehealthyifit’sloadedwithvegetables,andyousticktoonesmallpiece.

42.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Workingwomenusuallyhavebreakfastinahurry.

B.Manypeoplehavewrongideasaboutbreakfast.

C.Therearesomeeasywaysofcookingameal.

D.Eatingvegetableshelpssaveenergy.

（3）

[2009年全国II卷]TheAmericannewspaperhasbeenaroundforaboutthreehundredyears.In1721,theprinterJamesFranklin,Benjamin’solderbrother,startedtheNewEnglandCourant,…

ThreecenturiesaftertheappearanceofFranklin’sCourant,fewbelievethatnewspapersintheirpresentprintedformwillremainaliveforlong.Newspapercompaniesarelosingadvertisers,readers,marketvalue,andinsomecases,theirsenseofpurposeataspeedthatwouldnothavebeenimaginablejustseveralyearsago.ThechiefeditoroftheTimessaidrecently,“Atplaceswheretheygather,editorsaskoneanother,‘Howareyou?

’,asiftheyhavejustcomeoutofthehospitaloralostlawcase.”AnarticleaboutthenewspaperappearedonthewebsiteoftheGuandian,undertheheadline“NOTDEADYET”.

57.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewspapereditors?

A.Theyoftenacceptreaders’suggestions.

B.Theycarealotabouteachother’shealth.

C.Theystopdoingbusinesswithadvertisers.

D.Theyfacegreatdifficultiesintheirbusiness.

二、推断读者对象、文章出处

I．解题指导

读者对象推断题：

这类试题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断出读者对象，即作者写这篇文章主要是写给谁看的。

这类试题曾出现在广东卷、全国卷、北京卷、江西卷中。

提问方式有：

（1）Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor__________.

（2）Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?

（3）Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?

解答这类试题主要靠理解短语内容，特别要注意体会作者使用的词语和语气上。

文章出处题：

要求考生推断所选文段可能来自何处。

提问方式有：

（1）Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom__________.

（2）Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?

（3）Thetextismostlikelytobefound__________.

解答这类题，要从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：

（1）报纸：

前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。

（2）广告：

因其用词和格式特殊，容易辨认。

（3）产品说明：

器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。

II.专项突破

（1）

[2009年全国II卷]VitiLevu,GreatFiji,isthelargestisland.Hereyou’llfindthecapitalSuvaandtheinternationalairportatNadi.Vatoa,ontheotherhand,isatinyislandinthefarthestpartofFiji.Thenthereare331otherislands,manyofthemwithplacestostay.

Withlessthanamillionpeoplelivingonislands,you’llneverfeelcrowded.Andwithaclimatethatchangesonlyforfivedegreesbetweenseasons,there’sneverabadtimetocome.

Fromcitiestovillages,frommountainstobeaches,fromwatersportstowoodenartworks,Fijicangiveyoumoreadventuresandspecialexperiencesthanyoucouldfindalmostanywhereintheworld.

Wheneveryoucome,whereveryougo,you’resuretoseesomeunforgettableevents.Fromwardancestoreligioussongs.Frommarketdaystoreligiousdays.It’snotjuststagedfortourists;it’sstillapartofeverydaylifeinFiji.AndanyoneofuscanenjoyFiji’sspiritbybeingpartofthetraditionalsharingofyaqona,adrinkmadefromtherootofaFijiplant.

Sowhynotjoinusfortheexperienceofalifetime?

64.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?

A.Inapersonaldiary.B.Inasciencereport.

C.Inatravelmagazine.D.Inageographytextbook.111

（2）

[2008年广东卷]Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan’tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan’texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you’vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe’retheappleofourparents’eyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkwe’regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics.Butsometimesit’salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge,itistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourself.

Self-imageisyourownmind’spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.…Thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.

Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.…

Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeserf-imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective,andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.…

50.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?

A.Parents.B.Adolescents.

C.Educators.D.Peopleingeneral.

三、推断作者的观点态度

I．解题指导

要求考生推断作者对某人或某事物的看法或态度。

常见的题干有：

（1）Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is__________.

（2）Whatistheauthor’sopinionof…?

（3）Accordingtotheauthor,__________.

解答时，要根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音，熟悉作者表达观点态度的词，如subjective（主观的），objective（客观的）等。

II.专项突破

（1）

[2009年陕西卷]“Oldwives’tales”arebeliefspasseddownfromonegenerationtoanother.Forexample,mostofusrememberourparents’tellingustoeatmoreofcertainfoodsornottodocertainthings.Isthereanytruthintheseteachings?

Someofthemagreewithpresentmedicalthinking,butothershavenotpassedthetestoftime.

Didyourmotherevertellyoutoeatyourcarrotsbecausetheyaregoodforyoureyes?

Scientistsnowreportthateatingcarrotscanhelppreventaseriouseyediseasecalledmaculardegeneration….

Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon’tholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives’tales.Afterall,muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulated（积累）fromthousandsofyearsofexperienceinfamilyhealthcare.…

54.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward“oldwives’tales”inthetext?

A.SubjectiveB.Objective

C.DissatisfiedD.Curious

（2）

[2009年浙江卷]InancientEgypt,thepharaoh（法老）treatedthepoormessagerunnerlikeaprincewhenhearrivedatthepalace,ifhebroughtgoodnews.However,iftheexhaustedrunnerhadthemisfortunetobringthepharaohunhappynews,hisheadwascutoff.

Shadesofthatspiritspreadovertoday’sconversations.OnceafriendandIpackedupsomepeanutbutterandsandwichesforanouting.Aswewalkedlight-heartedlyoutthedoor,picnicbasketinhand,asmilingneighborlookedupattheskyandsaid,“Ohboy,baddayforapicnic.Theweathermansaysit’sgoingtorain.”Iwantedtostrikehimontheracewiththepeanutbutterandsandwiches.Notforhisstupidweatherreport,forhissmile.

It’snotthenewsthatmakessomeoneangry.It’stheunsympatheticattitudewithwhichit’sdelivered.…

57.Inthewriter’sopinion,hisneighborwas________.

A.friendlyB.warm-hearted

C.notconsiderateD.nothelpful

（3）

[2009年广东卷]…Sireshowsinherbookadeepconcernaboutthefallofhandwritingandthefailureofschoolstoteachchildrentowritewell,butmanyothersarguethatpeopleinadigitalagecan’tbeexpectedtolearntoholdapen.

Idon’tbuyit.

Idon’twanttoseeanyonecutofffromtheexpressive,personalassociationsthatapenstillpromotesbetterthanadigitalkeyboarddoes.Formanyabiographer,partofreallygettingtoknowtheirsubjectsislearningtoreadtheirhandwriting.

Whatsomepeopleadvocateisteachingoneofthemanyattractivehandwritings…

54.Accordingtotheauthor,handwrittennotes__________.

A.arehardertoteachinschoolsB.attractmoreattention

C.areusedonlybetweenfriendsD.carrymoremessage

（4）

[2009年浙江卷]FourpeopleinEngland,backin1953,staredatphoto51.Itwasn’tmuch-–apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowed—theshapeofDNA.Thediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetosci