英语语法教案模板共合集Word格式文档下载.docx

英语语法教案模板共合集Word格式文档下载.docx

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1.

Theclaificationofboundmorphemeandthefrequentlyappliedboundmorphemes;

2.

Thebasicclausetypesandtheirtransformationandexpansion

教学基本内容

BasicConceptsofmorphemes,words,phrases,clauses,andsentences;

Waysofword-formation:

affixation,derivationandcomposition;

3.

Waysofsentenceanalysis:

onewaysistodividethepredicateintopredicateverb,object,complementandadverbial.Theotherwayistodividethepredicateintotwoparts:

theoperatorandthepredication.4.

BasicclausetypesincludeSVC,SV,SVA,SVO,SVOA,SVOC,andSvoO.Anaffirmativeclausecanbetransformedintoanegative;

astatementintoaquestion,andaactiveclauseintoapaive.Alltheseaddvarietiestothebasicclausetypes.

Lecture1SentencestructureOwingtothefactthatsentencesinauthenticlanguagedifferstructurallyinthousandsofways,whatisdescribedhereassentencestructure,sentenceelements,orsentencepatternsisonlyconcernedwiththesimplesentence,orratherwiththeclause.1.1clauseelementsAshasbeenpointedoutbefore,theclauseorthesimplesentenceisstructurallyasequenceofphrasesandlogicallyaconstructionof―subject+predicate‖.Thatistosay,theclauseorthesimplesentenceisnotjustanagglomerationofphrases;

itisagroupofphrasesorganizedintoaconstructionof―subject+predicate‖.1）SubjectandpredicateAfull-fledgedclausecangenerallybedividedintotwoparts:

thesubjectandthepredicate.Thesubjectisthetopicorthemeofthesentence,whichtellofwhatthesentenceisabout.Thepredicatesayssomethingaboutthesubjectandbearthenewinformationwhichthespeakerorwriterwantstotransmittothelistenerorreader.Thesubjectisgenerallyrealizedbyanounphraseoranequivalentofnounphrase,whiletheconstructionofthepredicate,whichismorecomplicated,generallyconsistsofaverbphrasewithorwithoutcomplementation.2）TwowaysofsentenceanalysisTofacilitatedescriptionofhowEnglishlanguageworks,sentencescanbeanalyzedintwoways.Onewayistodividethepredicateintopredicateverb,object,complementandadverbial.Theseelementstogetherwiththesubjectmakethefiveclauseelements.Theotherwaysofsentenceanalysisistodividethepredicateintotwoparts:

theoperatorandthepredication.Theoperatorisusuallytheauxiliaryorthefirstauxiliaryinacomplexverbphrase,whilethepredicationcomprisesthemainverbwithitscomplementation（object,complementoradverbial）.1.2basicclausetypesandtheirtransformationandexpansionIntermsofthedifferentcombinationsofclauseelements,Englishclausescanbeclaifiedintosevenbasictypes.Innumerableauthenticsentencesarestructuredonthebasisoftheseclausetypes.1）BasicclausetypesThesevenbasicclausetypesareSVC,SV,SVA,SVO,SVOA,SVOC,andSVoO.Thesesevencombinationsofclauseelementsarewhollyorlargelydeterminedbythemainverbintheclause.ThemainverbinanSVCpatternisalinkingorcopulaverbwhichmustbefollowedbyasubjectcomplement.ThemainverbinanSVpatternisanintransitiveverbwhichisnottobefollowedbyanyobligatoryelementexceptforalimitednumberofintransitiveverbswhichrequireanobligatoryadverbial,thusconstitutingthepatternSVA.ThemainverbinanSVOpatternusamonotranstitivewhichmustbefollowedbyanobject,andwithsomemonotransitivestheobjectmustagainbefollowedbyanobligatoryadverbial,thusconstitutingthepatternSVOA.ThemainverbinanSVOCpatternisacomplextransitiveverbwhichmustbefollowedbyanobject+objectcomplement.ThemainverbinanSVoOpatternisaditransitiveverbwhichistoefollowedbytwoobjects:

indirectanddirectobject.2）TransformationandexpansionofbasicclausetypesThebasicclausetypesareallaffirmativestatementswithverbsintheactivevoice.Anaffirmativeclausecanbetransformedintoanegative;

sstatementintoaquestion;

andanactiveclauseintoapaive.Alltheseaddvarietiestothebasicclausetypes.Thebasicclausetypesandtheirvariantscanalsobeexpandedintolargergrammaticalunitsthroughaddingmodifiersatvariouslevels,andtheselargerunitscanagainbeexpandedthroughcoordinationandsubordinationintocompound,complexandcompound-complexsentences.

Lectures2

Problemsofsubject-verbconcord.

Theconceptsofthreeprinciplesguidingsubject-verbconcord:

grammaticalconcord,notionalconcordandproximityconcord.

Problemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubject:

concordwith―and‖or―both…and‖,concordwith―or‖/―either…or‖,―nor‖/―neither…nor‖,―notonly…butalso‖;

Problemsofconcordwithexpreionsofqualityassubject:

concordwithexpreionofdefinitequalityassubject,concordwithexpreionofindefinitequalityassubject;

4.

Otherproblemsofsubject-verbconcord:

problemsofconcordwithanominalclauseassubject,subject-verbconcordwithanon-finiteclauseorsubject,subject-verbconcordinrelativeclauses,cleft-sentences,andexistentialsentences.

Lecture2Subject-verbConcord（I）2.1Guidingprinciples

1）Grammaticalconcord

2）Notionalconcord

3）Proximity2.2Problemsofconcordwithnounsendingin-sDiseaseandgamenamesendingin–s

Theyaremostlytreatedassingulars.

Afewsuchnamescanbeusedeitherassingularorasplural.Subjectnamesendingin–ics

Suchnamesaregenerallysingularnouns,butsomesuchnounsaretreatedaspluralwhenusedinothersensesthansubjectnames.Geographicalnamesendingin–s

Pluralexceptforafewtreatedassingularwhenusedascountrynames.4）

Othernounsendingin–sDiseaseandgamenamesendingin–s

Afewsuchnamescanbeusedeitherassingularorasplural.

Measles,mumps,rickets,shingles,diabetes,arthritis,phlebitis,AIDS,etc.

Subjectnamesendingin–ics

Suchnamesaregenerallysingularnouns,butsomesuchnounsaretreatedaspluralwhenusedinothersensesthansubjectnames.

Acoustics,claics,electronics,informatics,linguistics,mechanics,optics,plastics,thermodynamics,etc.

Geographicalnamesendingin–s

Pluralexceptforafewtreatedassingularwhenusedascountrynames.

Othernounsendingin–s

Calipers,compaes,flares,forceps,glaes,jeans,pants,pincers,pliers,scales,sciors,shades,shorts,suspenders,spectacles,etc.

2.3problemsofconcordwithcollectivenounsassubject1）Collectivenounsusuallyusedasplural

People,police,cattle,militia,poultry,vermin,etc.2）Collectivenounsusuallyusedassingular

Foliage,cutlery,poetry,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,etc.3）Collectivenounsusedeitheraspluralorassingular

Couple,crew,government,majority,opposition,etc4）Acommittee,etc+pluralnoun

Acommittee/board/panelof

Lecture3

Subject-verbConcord（II）TeachingContents3.1Problemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubject3.2Problemsofconcordwithexpreionsofquantityassubject3.3Otherproblemsofsubject-verbconcord

3.1ProblemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubjectCoordinationby“and”or“both…and”

Itisusuallytreatedaspluralwhenitreferstotwoormorethantwopersons/things,butitissingularwhenreferringtoonepersonorthing.e.g.Baseballandswimmingareusuallysummersports.Yourfriendandadviserhasagreedtolendmehismoney.After“each…andeach…”or“every…andevery…”,theverbisalsointhesingularform:

e.g.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.Everyflowerandeverybushistobecutdown.

Theindefinitepronounsanybody/anyone,everybody/everyone,nobody/noone,andsomebody/someonecombinewithsingularverbforms,eventhoughco-referentpronounsanddeterminersmaybepluralforms.e.g.[Everybody]‘sdoingwhattheythinkthey‘resupposedtodo.Nobodyhastheirfridgesrepairedanymore,theycan‘taffordit.

each/every…he/she/they

e.g.Atthemomenteachofthegirlswastoobusythinkingaboutherownpersonalsafetytocaremuchabouttheluggage.But―each/every+singularn.…they/their‖isrightaswell.e.g.Eachofthestudentsshouldhavehis/theirownbooks.

Everymemberbringstheirownlunch.InsuchexamsasTOEFL,thepronounreferringto

―nobody/everybody/everyone/someone/somebody/anybody/anyone/noone‖canonlybehe/hisinsteadofthey/their.However,asEnglishlearnersitmustbeknownthat―everyone…they‖isusedmoreoftenthan―everyone…he‖.e.g.Everyonewarnedyou,didn‘tthey?

Hasanybodybroughttheircamera?

Noonecouldhaveblamedthemselvesforthat.

Everyone/each/eachone/*everyoneofthestudentsshouldhavetheir/hisownbooks.

2）Coordinationby“or”/“either…or”,“neither…nor”,“notonly...butalso”Heretheproblemisdealtwithaccordingtotheprincipleofproximity.e.g.Mysistersormybrotherislikelytobeathome.

Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.

Informallywecanhavethefollowinguse:

e.g.Neitherhenorhiswifehavearrived.

Informalcases,especiallyinexams,―neither‖isusedwithsingularverb.e.g.Neitherofthemisbright.Whenusedwithpluralnounsininformalcases,―neither‖canalsobeusedwithpluralverb.e.g.Neitherofthebooksare/isveryinteresting.

---Ican‘tswim.

----NeithercanI.

---Hedidn‘tliketheplay.---Nordidwe.Neitherisusuallyinformalcases,butnorisoftenusedinspokenEnglish.

3）Subject+aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolethan;

with,alongwith,togetherwith,inadditionto,except+Verb（determinedbytheformofthesubjecte.g.Someoftheworkers,aswellasthemanager,wereworkingduringtheholidays.Nooneexcept