《汽车实用英语》教学辅导Word下载.docx

《汽车实用英语》教学辅导Word下载.docx

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第1课HistoryofAutomobile

本课主要介绍了汽车的发展史。

具体要求如下：

一、重点掌握

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词汇：

automobile,vehicle,auto,motorvehicle,MPV,engine,internalcombustionengine,fuel,gasoline,petrol,diesel,wheel,crankshaft,piston,cylinder,stroke,four-strokeengine,motorcycle,carburetor,assemblyline,transportation,sparkplug,front,rear,body

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句子：

1）Theautomobileasweknowitwasnotinventedinasingledaybyasingleinventor.Thehistoryoftheautomobilereflectsanevolutionthattookplaceworldwide.Itisestimatedthatover100,000patentscreatedthemodernautomobile.

2）Aninternalcombustionengineisanyenginethatusestheexplosivecombustionoffueltopushapistonwithinacylinder-thepiston'

smovementturnsacrankshaftthatthenturnsthecarwheelsviaachainoradriveshaft.

二、一般掌握

1．课文后的词汇

2．阅读课文，基本理解。

三、一般了解

1．汽车发展史；

2．回答课文后问题。

第2课IntroductiontoAutomobile

本课介绍了汽车的基本结构、各个主要部件的工作原理，以及汽车对社会的影响。

一、重点掌握

1． 

Chassis,electricalsystem,shaft,drivenshaft,drivenwheel,gear,pistonengine,compression,ignition,sparkignition（SI）,compressionignition（CI）,suspensionsystem,brakingsystem,steeringsystem,drivingsystem,transmission,transmit,gearbox,finaldrive,differential,clutch,torque,power,neutral,neutralgear,reversegear,spring,steeringwheel,ABS,battery,hood,trunkdeck,charge,wear,pressure,temperature,axle,frame,speed,maintain

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1）Thevehiclecanbeusuallysubdividedintoseveralmajorcategories:

thebody,theengineorpowersource,thechassisandtheelectricalsystem.

2）Themaincomponentsofthetransmissionsystemaretheclutch,gearbox,finaldrive,anddifferential.

3）Twotypesofbrakesareusedinmoderncars:

drumbrakesanddiscbrakes.

4）Themajorpartsofelectricalsysteminacarincludethebattery,thestartingsystem,thechargingsystem,theignitionsystem,thelightingsystem,theauxiliarysystemandsomeelectronicdevicesusedonmodernautomobiles.

.二、一般掌握

1．汽车基本结构；

2．汽车与社会

3.回答课文后问题。

第3课EngineFundamentals

本课介绍了发动机的基本术语、四冲程发动机的基本结构以及工作原理。

1.词汇：

Cycle,TopDeadCenter（TDC）,BottomDeadCenter（BDC）,filter,airfilter,oilfilter,fuelfilter,pump,waterpump,fuelpump,oilpump,oil,injection,nozzle,electronic,electrical,intake,exhaust,valve,compress,lubricate,coolingsystem,waterjacket,coolant,antifreeze,volume,combustionchamber,air-fuelmixture,sweptvolume,totalcapacity,multi-cylinderengine,clearancevolume,compressionratio,emissioncontrolsystem,fueltank,oilpan

2． 

1）Thistermisusedtodescribethemovementofthepistonfromoneextremepositiontotheotherextremepositioninsidetheenginecylinder,e.g.fromthehighesttothelowestpositionitcanreach,orvice-versa（lowesttohighestposition）.【第15页1.2stroke】

2）Theelectroniccontrolunit（ECU）controlsthefuelinjectionnozzlestoinjectthesmallquantityoffuelintotheintakeportstoproducetheair-fuelmixturethatthenflowsintothecylinderswhereitisignitedandburns.【第16页2.1fuelsystem】

3）Theenginehasmanymovingmetalparts.Ifmetalpartsrubagainsteachother,theywillwearrapidly.Topreventthis,engineshavelubricatingsystemsthatfloodallmovingpartswithacoatingoflubricatingoil.【第17页2.3lubricatingsystem】

4）Thesecondstrokecausesanupwardmotionofthepiston.Thespaceabovethepistonisnowsealedduetotheinletvalveclosingandtheexhaustvalvehavingalreadyclosed.Thisupwardmotionofthepistoncausesthepetrol/airmixturetobecompressedandtheresultisanincreaseinpressureandtemperatureofthemixture.【第18页3.2compressionstroke】

二、一般掌握

1．发动机基本结构及工作过程

2.回答课文后问题

第4课 

DieselEngine

本课对柴油机进行了介绍，主要包括柴油机的工作原理、柴油机的供油系统。

Spray,inject,self-ignition,transmit,accelerate,coach,lorry,tank,low-pressurepipe,fuelfilter,fuelliftpump,fuelinjectionpump,high-pressurepipe,fuelinjector,fuelleak-offpipe,liter,fillerneck,in-linepump,distributorPumpAssembly（DPA）,camshaft

2.句子：

1）Thedieselenginesarecompressionignitionengines.Thedieselengineusestheheatofcompressiontoignitethefuel.

2）Onemajordifferencebetweenadieselengineandapetrolengineisthatthedieselenginehasaveryhighcompressionratio.

3） 

Compressionignitionenginesareefficient,lastlongerandarecheapertomaintainthanpetrolenginesbutaresometimesexpensive,noisierandslowertoaccelerate.

4） 

Themaincomponentsofthefuelsupplysystemforadieselengineincludeafuelstoragetank,low-pressurepipes,variousfuelfilters,fuelliftpump,fuelinjectionpump,high-pressurepipes,fuelinjectorsandfuelleak-offpipes.Thesystemisthereforealittlemorecomplicatedthanthefuelsupplysystemforaspark-ignitionengine.

5） 

Fuelfiltersareusedtopreventthedust,abrasiveparticlesandwaterreachingthefuelinjectionpumpandinjector,wheretheywouldcauseahighrateofwearontheprecision-machinedcomponentsandleadtoshorterlife.

1．柴油机基本结构及工作过程

第6课CylinderBlockandCylinderHead

本课主要介绍气缸体和气缸盖。

cylinderblock,cylinderhead,bearing,coolingpassageway,coolingjacket,radiator,manufacturer,assembly,air-cooledengine,liquid-cooledengine,castiron,aluminum,alloy,liner,in-lineengine,valvemechanism,manifold,heaterhose,lubricant,gasket,seal,crankcase

1） 

Thecylinderblockisthefoundationoftheengine—allotherpartsareattachedtoit.Itsmostimportantfunctionistoprovideastrong,unmovablemountingforenginecomponentssuchasthecrankshaftandcylindersandsoon.

2） 

Variousmoderncastingtechniquesareusedtolightenthecylinderblock.Itistheheaviestpartoftheengine,andthemoreitcanbesafelylightened,thelighterthecar.Thismeansbetterfueleconomy.

Twokindsofcylinderliners,drylinerandwetliner,canbeinstalledafterthecylinderblockiscast.

Thecylinderheadsonmanyenginesalsoformtheupperendofthecombustionchambersforeachcylinder.Thepistonheadandpistonringsformthelowerendofthecombustionchambers.

Attachedtothecylinderheadaresuchcomponentsasvalvemechanisms,sparkplugsorinjectors,exhaustandinletmanifolds,temperaturesensors,heaterhoseconnectors,topradiatorhoseconnector,andarockerorcamshaftcover.

1．气缸体、气缸盖基本结构和材料

第7课 

Piston,ConnectingRod,Crankshaft

本课介绍了活塞、连杆和曲轴。

Connectingrod,bearing,pistonhead,pistonring,pistonpin,compressionring,oilring,crankpin,forge,counterweight,flywheel,mainjournal,camshaft,keyway,Woodruffkey,gear,sprocket,pulley,auxiliary,generator,coolantpump,powersteeringpump,flange,oil-thrower,machine,mainbearingcap,bolt,bore

Thepistonmustbestrong.Butitmustbelighttoreduceinertialoadsonthebearings.Forthisreason,pistonsformodernenginesaremadeofaluminumalloy.Thisisalightmetal.

Thepistonringsmaintainaslidingsealbetweenthecylinderwallandthepiston.Thepistoncannotbefittedtightlyenoughtoformagoodsealbyitself.Theremustbesomeclearancesothatthepistoncanslidewithoutsticking.

Duringmanufacture,therodsandcapsareindividuallymatchedtoeachother.Theyusuallycarryidentifyingnumberssothattheywillnotbemixedupiftheengineisdisassembled.

Thecrankshaftassemblyincludesthecrankshaft,bearings,flywheel,harmonicbalancer,timinggear,andfrontandrearseals.

ThecrankshaftusuallydrivesthecamshaftfromitsfrontendandisusuallymachinedtoaccommodateakeywaytoretainaWoodruffkey（half-moonshaped）andagearorsprocketislocatedonthiskeywaywhichisemployedtodrivethecamshaft.

1．活塞、连杆、曲轴基本结构和材料。

第8课ValveMechanismofanEngine

本课介绍了发动机的配气系统。

valvemechanism,valvetrain,valveseat,valveguide,cam,camshaft,overheadcamshaft,DOHC,pushrod,rockerarm,lifter,valve,bushing,valvestem,valveface,valvefloat,valvebounce,time,timinggear,timingchain

Therearetwovalvesforeachcylinder.Oneistheintakevalve.Theotheristheexhaustvalve.However,certainhigh-performanceenginesusefourvalvespercylinder,twointakevalvesandtwoexhaustvalves.

Thevalvetrainsaredividedintosidecamshafttypeandoverheadcamshaft（OHC）type,seeninFig.2,accordingtothelocationofthecamshaft.

IntheOHCengine,thecamshaftismountedonorinthecylinderhead.Inthistypethereisnonecessarytohavethelongpushrod.Thismethodofoperationismuchmoreefficientbecausefewermovingpartsareinvolved（nopushrod）.

Theintakeandexhaustvalvesoperateatdifferenttemperature.Theintakevalvesrunmuchcoolerthantheexhaustvalves.

Forthevalvestoopenandcloseincorrectrelationtothepositionofthecrankshaft,thecamshaftmustbetimedtothecrankshaft.Thismeansthatthetwoshaftsmustbeassembledsothatthecamsopenthevalvesataprecisetimeinrelationtothepositionofthepistonandcrankshaft.

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