被 动 语 态1Word格式.docx
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1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明:
2、被动语态的句式变化:
以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:
3、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为:
情态动词+be+过去分词;
其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"
be+过去分词"
部分不变。
如:
Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那时桌子可由石头制造。
(一般过去时)
Cantablesbemadeofstone?
桌子能用石头制造吗?
(疑问句)
三、被动语态的用法:
1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建造的。
Hewaselectedchairman.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。
Theroomhasn'
tbeencleanedyet.房间还没有打扫。
Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。
Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗户被风吹开了。
Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"
Itis+过去分词."
句型。
ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
其它常见的"
Itis+过去分词+that"
句型还有
Itisreportedthat…据报道
Itissaidthat…据说
Itisbelievedthat…大家相信
Itissuggestedthat…有人建议
四、主动语态变为被动语态
转换图示:
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:
(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:
注意:
如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。
Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.
(2)将动词改为"
。
Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
(3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。
Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:
(1)主动句中的主语如果是people,we,you,they,somebody等含糊地表示"
人们"
大家"
的单词,变为主动句时,通常删去"
by…"
,但原主语被强调者除外。
Theysetupthishospitalin1975.→Thishospitalwassetupin1975.
这所医院建于1975年。
Onlyhecanfinishthejob.→只有他能完成这项工作。
Thejobcanbefinishedonlybyhim.这项工作只能由他来完成。
(2)含有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。
但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.
Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.
五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意
以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词,如:
look,feel,smell等。
下列动词没有被动式:
happen, cost,take,have
Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.(×
)昨天发生了一起事故。
Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.(
)
Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。
Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。
Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。
六、各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词do为例)
1.一般现在时(am/is/are+done)
Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。
ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都举行班会。
Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.学生们每天都打扫教室。
2.一般过去时(was/were+done)
Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
Hewassavedatlast.他最终获救了。
Mybikewasstolen.我的自行车被偷了。
3.一般将来时与过去将来时(will/shallbe+done;
would/shouldbe+done)
Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。
Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一条新马路。
Ithoughtthousandsofpeoplewouldbehelped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
4.现在进行时与过去进行时(am/is/arebeing+done;
was/werebeing+done)
Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天这时,机器正在被修理。
Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.问题正在被讨论。
Abusisbeingpushedbythepassengers.路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
5.现在完成时(have/hasbeen+done)
Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。
Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme.这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
Severalsoldiershavealreadybeenkilledintheconflict.在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。
6.过去完成时(hadbeen+done)
Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
Shefoundthehousehadbeendestroyedbythestorm.她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。
Hehadbeentorturedbytheillnessformanyyearsbeforehedied.
他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。
被动语态专项练习
Ⅰ单项选择
1.Goodbooks____againandagain.
A.shouldbereadedB.shouldbereadC.mustread
D.oughttoread
2.Thechildren____bythenurse.
A.werelooked
B.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked
3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.
A.gave,didn'
tlisten
B.wasgiven,wasn'
tlistened
C.give,wasn'
tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'
tlisten
4.When____theaccident_____?
A.was,happenB.did,happenC.is,happen
D.was,happened
5.Thequestion____byussoon.
A.isgoingtodiscuss
B.willdiscuss
C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed
6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.
A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt
7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.
A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup
8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.
A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished
9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.
A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown
10.He____bytheteachers.
A.isalwayspraisedB.praises
C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised
11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____
.
A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopen
C.aretaken,open
D.havebeentaken,areopened
12.Thepicture______
inOctober,1996.
A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken
13.Wecan'
tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.
A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired
14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.
A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing
15.Thewar______in1941.
A.brokeout
B.hadbeenbrokenout
C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout
16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.
A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats
17.Wecan'
tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.
A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking
18.They______dayandnight.
A.aremadework
B.aremadetowork
C.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork
19.Chang'
anRoadis______ofpeople.
A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulled
20.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.
A.wassentup
B.issentup
C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup
21.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.
A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung
22.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.
A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned
23.When______thePeople'
sRepublicofChina_____?
A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found
24.Mary'
sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.
A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended
25.Yourexercisebooks_____afterclass.
A.willhandinB.musthandinC.handedinD.mustbehandedin
26.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.
A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted
27.Thesun_____atnightasusual.
A.canbeseenB.can'
tseeC.can'
tbeseenD.doesn'
tsee
28.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.
A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon
29.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.
A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen
30.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.
A.broke,isbroken
B.isbroken,wasbroken
C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken
Ⅱ把下列句子改为被动语态
1.Isawtheboyrunyesterday.
2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.
3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.
4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?
5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.
6.Ithinkthatheisright.
7.Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.
8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.
9.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.
10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.
参考答案
1.B2.C3.D4.B5.C
6.B7.B8.A9.A10.A
11.A12.C13.D14.A15.A
16.A17.C18.B19.C20.C
21.B22.D23.B24.C25.D
26.A27.C28.B29.C30.B
Ⅱ、把下列句子改为被动语态
1.Theboywasseentorunbymeyesterday.
2.Iwastoldthathewouldcomebacksoon.
3.Alotofdifferencescanbefoundbyyoubetweenthetwolanguages.
4.Areyourflowerswateredeveryday?
5.Thebigtreewasblowndownlastnight.
6.Itisthoughtthatheisright.
7.Thebadfoodhadnotbeenthrown.
8.Thetrouserswerenotbeingmendedbymymother.
9.HewouldnotbetakentoBeijing.
10.Iwasknownbynobodyinthistownatthattime.