解析版山西大学附属中学学年高一下学期Word格式.docx

解析版山西大学附属中学学年高一下学期Word格式.docx

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每题1.5分，满分22.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Differencesareimportantandtheyshouldberespected.Forexample,manyimportantpeoplethroughouthistorywereconsidereddifferent,suchasThomasEdison,AlbertEinsteinandAbrahamLincoln.Theydidgreatthings,butsomepeoplethoughttheywerestrangebecausetheyhadstrongfeelingsaboutsomething.IcanunderstandthesepeoplebecauseI’vebeeninthatsituationbeforemanytimes.

ItallstartedinelementaryschoolwhenIrealizedthatIwasn’tlikeeveryoneelse.MymomsaysthatIhaveatendencytobeobsessed（着迷）withcertainsubjects.Unfortunately,thesesubjectsdon’tinterestotherkidsofmyageandtheyreallydon’tinterestmyteachers.Infact,mykindergartenteachersaidshewouldscreamifImentionedsnakesorlizardsonemoretimewhileshewasteachingthedaysoftheweek.Iwouldgetintotroublefornotpayingattentionandtheteasingbegan.

Inthethirdgrade,myteacherinformedmethatIhaveAsperger’sSyndrome（症状）.Isaid,“Sowhat?

DoyouknowthatGodzilla’ssuitweighs188pounds?

”

Later,Iaskedmymom,“What’sAsperger’sSyndrome?

AmIgonnadie?

”Shesaidthatit’slikehavingblinderson,andthatIcanonlyseeonethingatatime,andthatit’shardtofocusonotherthings.

Peoplealsomakefunofmeforknowingfactsaboutvolcanoes,whales,tornadoesandmanyotherscientificthings.MymomsaysthatshehasbeenabletoanswermanyquestionsonJeopardy!

justbylisteningtowhatIhavetosay,butI’veevenbeenlaughedatforbeingsmart.

MaybesomedayI’llbecomeageneengineerandcreatetherealGodzilla.Icandream,Can’tI?

1.WhydoestheauthormentionpeoplelikeAlbertEinstein?

A.ToexaminedifferencesB.Toshowhisadmiration

C.TomakecomparisonD.Tosupporthisidea

2.Howdidthekindergartenteacherfeelabouttheauthor?

A.AngryB.Worried

C.SorryD.Curious

3.What’sJeopardy!

mostprobably?

A.It’saprogramintendedforyoungkids.B.It’saquizshowcoveringvarioustopics.

C.It’sanoveltellingaboutadventurestories.D.It’samagazineaboutscientificdiscoveries.

【答案】1.D2.A3.B

【解析】本文作者通过论述告诉我们，差异是重要的，应该得到尊重。

1.D

推理判断题。

根据第一段第一、二句Differencesareimportantandtheyshouldberespected.Forexample,manyimportantpeoplethroughouthistorywereconsidereddifferent,suchasThomasEdison,AlbertEinsteinandAbrahamLincoln.可知，作者提到AlbertEinstein等名人是为了支持他的观点。

由此可知答案为D。

2.A

3.B

根据倒数第二段Peoplealsomakefunofmeforknowingfactsaboutvolcanoes,whales,tornadoesandmanyotherscientificthings.MymomsaysthatshehasbeenabletoanswermanyquestionsonJeopardy!

可知，Jeopardy!

可知，这是一个涵盖各种话题的智力竞赛节目。

故选B。

B

Themoreinterestedyouareinatopic,themorelikelyyoumaybetoform“falsememories”abouttheeventsrelatedtothattopic.

“Mostpeopleareprettyconfidentabouttheirownmemoryforsomeevents,butnewresearchshowsthatfalsememoryisalotmorefrequentthanmanypeoplerealize.Intermsofdailylife,thekeypointheremaybetounderstandthatsomeonewhoremembersaneventdifferentlyfromyoursisn’tnecessarilylying—someone’smemorymaybefaulty,oritmightbeyou,”saidstudyco-authorCiaraGreene,apsychologistattheuniversityCollegeDublin.

Inthestudy,theresearchersasked489peopletoreadfournewsstoriesabouteventsthatwererelatedtothetopicstheyrankedasthemostinteresting,andfourstoriesabouteventsrelatedtothetopicstheyratedastheleastinteresting.Ineachcase,threeoftheseeventsreallydidoccur,butthefourthonewasmadeup.

Itturnedoutthatpeopletendedtorememberthestoriesofthetopicstheysaidtheyweremoreinterestedincomparedwiththetopicstheywerenotinterestedin.However,theparticipantsalsotendedtostoremorefalsememoriesrelatedtothetopicstheywereinterestedincomparedwiththetopicstheywerenotinterestedin,theresearchersfound.

Themorepeopleknowaboutatopic,themorememoriesrelatedtothistopictheyhavestoredintheirbrains,theresearcherssaid.Therefore,whenapersonmeetsnewinformationonthistopic,thatinformationmayfindtracesofsimilarmemoriesthathavealreadystoredinthebrain,Greenesaid.

“Thiscanresultinasenseoffamiliarityorrecognitionofthenewmaterial,leadingtotheconviction（确信）thattheinformationhasbeenmetbeforeandisinfactanexistingmemory,”Greenesaid.Inotherwords,thisnewmaterialorinformationmay“feel”familiarandthereforethepersonmaybelieveitmustbetrue,hesaid.

Learningmoreabouthowfalsememoriesworkmayhelpprotectagainsttheharmfulresultsofthem,suchaswheneyewitnessaccounts（证言）ofcrimesarefaulty.

4.WhatCiarasaidinParagraph2suggeststhatyoushouldn’t_________.

A.forgetthefrequencyoffalsememory.

B.lietosomeonewithdifferentmemories.

C.believefaultymemoriesofotherpeople.

D.completelytrustyourmemory.

5.Inthestudy,peoplewhowereinterestedinatopic________.

A.werelesslikelytoformfalsememoriesrelatedtoit

B.tendedtorememberfalseinformationaboutit

C.couldrememberanyinformationaboutiteasily

D.wantedtoknowmoreaboutit

6.What’sthemainideaofthetext?

A.Theharmoffalseinformation.

B.Whypeoplehaveapoormemory.

C.Interestingtopicsmayleadtofalsememories.

D.Howtomakeagoodmemoryforsomeevents

【答案】4.D5.B6.C

【解析】本文告诉我们，有趣的话题可能会导致错误的记忆。

4.D

根据第二段第一句Mostpeopleareprettyconfidentabouttheirownmemoryforsomeevents,butnewresearchshowsthatfalsememoryisalotmorefrequentthanmanypeoplerealize.可知，Ciara在第二段中说，你不应该完全相信自己的记忆力。

故选D。

5.B

...............

6.C

主旨大意题。

根据第一段Themoreinterestedyouareinatopic,themorelikelyyoumaybetoform“falsememories”abouttheeventsrelatedtothattopic.可知，有趣的话题可能会导致错误的记忆。

根据句意可知答案为C。

C

Inthestoryof“ThecrowandthePitcher”fromAesop’sFables,athirstycrow（乌鸦）dropsstonesintoanarrowjartoraisethelowlevelofwaterinsidesohecantakeadrink.

Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.NewCaledoniancrowsactuallydounderstandhowtomakewaterdisplacementworktotheiradvantage,experimentsshowed.Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders,accordingtothestudy.

Researchers,ledbySarahJelbertattheuniversityofAucklandinNewZealand,presentedsixcrowswithtubesfilledwithwater.Insidethetubes,awormorpieceofmeatonapieceofwoodwasfloating,justoutofreachofthecrow.Infrontofthetubes,theresearchersarrangedabunchofheavyrubbererasersthatwouldsink,andlightplasticobjectsthatwouldfloat.Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheheavyobjectsintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.

However,thebirdshandledawkwardlyinexperimentsinwhichtheycouldchoosetodropobjectsineitherawidetubeoranarrowtubetogetasnack,theresearcherssaid.Droppingobjectsintonarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops.Incontrast,ittookaroundsevendropstoraisethesnacktothesamelevelinthewidetube.Thecrowsobviouslydidn’trealizethis,andmostofthemwentforthewidetubefirst.

Previousstudiesshowedthatchimpsandhumanchildrencansolvesimilartasks.Ina2011study,chimpsandkidsfoundoutthattheycouldputwaterintoatubetoreachapeanutthatwasfloatinginsmallamountofwateratthebottom.

7.Whatdoesthetextfocuson?

A.Aesop’spredictionB.Crow’sintelligence

C.ThedevelopmentofcrowsD.Human-animalcommunication

8.HowdidthecrowsgettheworminatubeinSarah’experiment?

A.Bydroppingintheheavyerasers.B.Byremovingtheplasticobjects.

C.Bystandingonthewood.D.Bybreakingthetube.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thetreat”inParagraph4referto?

A.Thetube.B.Theobject.

C.ThesnackD.Thewater.

10.Whatdidtheexperimentwithwideandnarrowtubesshow?

A.Crowsaresensitivetosurroundings.

B.Crowshavetheabilitytorecognizeshapes.

C.Crowsareclevererthanchimpsandchildren.

D.Crowsunderstandwaterdisplacementincompletely.

【答案】7.B8.A9.C10.D

【解析】“乌鸦和投手”的故事来自伊索寓言。

一只口渴的乌鸦（乌鸦）滴石头进入了一个狭窄的jar提高低水平的水里面,所以他可以喝。

现在科学家有证据支持这个说法。

7.B

根据第二段中NewCaledoniancrowsactuallydounderstandhowtomakewaterdisplacementworktotheiradvantage,experimentsshowed.Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders,accordingtothestudy.可知，这篇课文讲的是Crow的智力。

8.A

细节理解题。

根据第三段中Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheheavyobjectsintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.可知，在Sarah的实验中乌鸦通过落下沉重的橡皮擦进入管子里来得到虫子。

根据句意可知答案为A。

9.C

词义猜测题。

根据第四段第一句thebirdshandledawkwardlyinexperimentsinwhichtheycouldchoosetodropobjectsineitherawidetubeoranarrowtubetogetasnack,theresearcherssaid.研究人员说，这些鸟在实验中笨拙地进行了实验，在实验中，它们可以选择将物体放入宽管或窄管中，以获得零食。

可知，Droppingobjectsintonarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops.（将物体放入狭窄的管道中，将会使水位上升更多，并在两滴之后将其置于可及的范围内。

）中的thetreat指的是Thesnack。

10.D

根据第四段中Droppingobjectsintonarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops.Incontrast,ittookaroundsevendropstoraisethesnacktothesamelevelinthewidetube.Thecrowsobviouslydidn’trealizethis,andmostofthemwentforthewidetubefirst.可知，乌鸦不完全理解水的位移。

【名师点睛】

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文