英语词汇学实用教程 陈新仁 课后答案.docx

英语词汇学实用教程 陈新仁 课后答案.docx

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英语词汇学实用教程陈新仁课后答案

Awordofwarning:

Notallthekeysprovidedherearecorrect.Useyourbrains

Unit1pp.9-16

P.9CheckYourUnderstanding:

a-d:

Fe.T

In-ClassActivities1…f.Wordhasitthey’redivorcing.

a.Somethinghewouldtalkabout

b.thingsthataresaid,contrastedwiththingsthataredone

c.thepromiseonehasmade

d.spokencommandorsignal

e.information

f.pieceofnews;message

P102.

（1）fivecriteria:

Potentialpause:

Thepause,whichhappenswhenyousayasentence,willtendtofallbetweenwords,andnotwithinwords.

Indivisibility:

Theextraitemswillbeaddedbetweenthewordsandnotwithinthem.

Minimalfreeforms:

thesmallestunitsofspeechthatcanmeaningfullystandontheirown.

Phoneticboundaries:

Itissometimespossibletotellfromthesoundofawordwhereitbeginsorends.

Semanticunits:

eachwordinasentencehasaclearmeaning.

（2）Doyouthinkthesecriteriaarequestionableinanyway?

Cantheybeappliedtotheidentificationofzi,theroughChineseequivalentoftheEnglish“word”?

No,astheaboveanalysisexplained.No,theycannot.Forexample,流连and蹒跚aredanchuci（单纯词）whichcannotbeanalyzedindependently.

P113.

（1）

SupposewewanttoknowwhatarethetenmostfrequentlyusedEnglishwords.Whatarethey,asfarasyoucantell?

HowaboutChinese?

The,of,to,and,a,in,is,it,you,that

的、一、是、在、了、不、和、有、大、着

3.

（2）

Theyarebasicallyfunctionalwords.

possessivewords（of,的）

numberwords（a,一）

copulawords（is,是）

conjunctions（and,和）and

localizers（in,在）;

Englishhasthedefinitearticletheandseveralpronouns,you,thatanditwhichareabsentinChinese.

4.wordsarearbitrary（i.e.notmotivated）

onomatopoeicwords“sl-”ishighlysuggestiveofthemeaningofthewordsthatcontainit,suchas“slide”,“slip”,and“slush”.

（1）Babble,bang,grunt,splash;噼啪、嗡嗡、滴滴哒、吱嘎吱

No,thesewordsareonlyasmallpartofEnglishorChinesevocabulary

（2）Footballandhandballconcernthebodypartwhichkick/passtheballfromoneplacetoanother,andbasketballisnamedafterabasketintowhichtheballisput.

（3）Peoplehavebodilyembeddedknowledgetoinferthesemotivationsofsuchusage.Thefirstexampleconcernsthemetaphorandsecondmetonymy.

（4）Somefigurativeusagesarealsohighlymotivated.Forexample:

Necessityisthemotherofinvention.

5.BritishEnglish（BEforshort）andAmericanEnglish（AEforshort）

P13

（1）half,advance,advantage,after,answer,ask,glance,glass,grasp

（2）grammaticaldifferences:

InAmericanEnglishwesay“graduatefromschool”;whileinBritishEnglish,wesay“leaveschool”.InAmericanEnglish,ithas“putupprice”,whileinBritishEnglish,itis“raiseprice”

（3）distinctivespellings:

ForChinesecharacters“博览会”,BritishEnglishhas“fair”whileAmericanEnglishuserstradeshow.“Liftandelevator”,and“autumnandfall”aremoreexamples.

（4）samewordswithdifferentmeanings:

onebillion/firstfloor/pants

onebillion

（Brit）thenumber1000000000000万亿之数

（US）thenumber1000000000十亿之数

firstfloor

InBritishEnglishthefloorofabuildingatstreetlevelisthegroundfloorandthefloorabovethatisthefirstfloor.

InUSEnglishthestreet-levelflooristhefirstfloorandtheoneaboveisthesecondfloor

pants

（Brit）men'sunderpants;women'sorchildren'sknickers

（US）trousers

6.BarackObama’schoiceofwords

（1）Empathymeansidentificationwithandunderstandingofanother'ssituation,feelings.

Theabilitytostandinsomebodyelse’sshoes

Sympathyisdefinedasfeelingofpityandsorrow（forsb.）

（2）Hope,accordingtoObama,isthatsomethingbetteriswaitingforusifwe’rewillingtoworkforitandfightforit,ifwearewillingtobelieve.Hedifferentiateshopefromwhatisblindoptimismorwillfulignoranceoftheproblemsweface

（3）“Asfathersandparents”,whynotasfathersandmothers:

Opentodiscussion

Post-ClassTasks

1.functionalwords

Likeallwhohaveheldthisofficebeforeme,Ihaveexperiencedsetbacks. TherearethingsIwoulddodifferentlyifgiventhechance. YetIhavealwaysactedwiththebestinterestsofourcountryinmind. IhavefollowedmyconscienceanddonewhatIthoughtwasright. YoumaynotagreewithsometoughdecisionsIhavemade. ButIhopeyoucanagreethatIwaswillingtomakethetoughdecisions.

2.Forexample,welearnthat“word”canbeusedtoreferto“rumor”,andweknowitmeans“rumor”inthesentence“Thewordisthathe'sleftthecountry.（据说他已经离开这个国家了）.”Butactually,wewillnotwritethesentence,esp.,saythesentenceindailyconversations.Bythisexample,weshowthatreceptivelexicalknowledgeconcernswhatyoulearnedandproductivelexicalknowledgeconcernswhatyouwouldputintopractice.Readingvocabularymaybethelargesttypeofvocabulary,becauseyoumayrecognizethemeaningofawordwithoutusingitindailyexchangesorinacademicwriting.

3.No,lexicalcompetencecoversalargerscopethatthatofproductivelexicalknowledge.

4.underlinewordequivalents

Soletussummonanewspiritofpatriotism,ofresponsibility,whereeachofusresolvestopitchinandworkharderandlookafternotonlyourselvesbuteachother.

Letusrememberthat,ifthisfinancialcrisistaughtusanything,it'sthatwecannothaveathrivingWallStreetwhileMainStreetsuffers.

Inthiscountry,weriseorfallasonenation,asonepeople.Let'sresistthetemptationtofallbackonthesamepartisanshipandpettinessandimmaturitythathaspoisonedourpoliticsforsolong.

Let'srememberthatitwasamanfromthisstatewhofirstcarriedthebanneroftheRepublicanPartytotheWhiteHouse,apartyfoundedonthevaluesofself-relianceandindividuallibertyandnationalunity.

Thosearevaluesthatweallshare.AndwhiletheDemocraticPartyhaswonagreatvictorytonight,wedosowithameasureofhumilityanddeterminationtohealthedividesthathaveheldbackourprogress.

Languageiscomposedofnotjustindividualwords,butalsowordequivalents,suchaswordgroups（orcompoundwords）,chunkssuchasidioms,formulaicsequences,andso.Thelatterisattractingmoreandmorescholarlyattentionthesedays.Thus,lexicologyismorepreciselydefinedasthescientificstudyofthewordsandwordequivalentsinalanguage.

Unit2pp.24-29

CheckYourUnderstanding:

a-e.F

In-ClassActivities1.

（1）Sispronouncedas[s][zand[iz]]whenitisrespectivelyattachedtoavoicelessconsonant,avoicedconsonantoravowel,andanywordsendingwiths,zorpronouncingas[s]or[z].

（2）Yes,forexample,thepluralformofsheepremainsunchanged,andmanhasitspluralformrealizedas“men”.

（3）Theusualallomorphsofthemorphemeofthepasttensemayberealizedas[t],[d]and[id]

2.prefixesofnegation:

a-,un-,in-（ir-,il-）,dis-,mis-,non-,de-

symmetry→asymmetry

typical→atypical

forgettable→unforgettable

tie→untie

articulate→inarticulate,

discreet→indiscreet

mature→immature,

partial→impartial

legal→illegal

legible→illegible

relevant→irrelevant

reverent→irreverent

like→dislike

able→disable

use→misuse

lead→mislead

sense→nonsense

commercial→noncommercial

form→deform

construction→deconstruction

（2）Un-isusuallyprefixedbeforetransitiveverbs,suchastie→untie,nouns,suchasandadjectives,suchasemployment→unemployment.Non-isoftenputbeforeadjectives,suchasessential→non-essential,andnouns,suchasexistence→non-existence.Bothoftheusagearepossiblebecausethewordfollowedtheabovetwoprefixeshasnoready-madeacronymsinEnglishlexicalsystem.

3.

（1）No.unwomanisnotawordinEnglish.Un-isusuallyputbeforeanabstractuncountablenoun.

（2）morphologicalstructure:

inaccessibility

inaccessible-ity

in-accessible

access-ible

（3）Thesewordsmayconnatesexinequalityatfirstsight.But,Infact,wegotoofarifweholdthisnotioninmind.

4.

（1）Stop,bin,wear,suit

（2）completeconversions

5.

（1）TueàTuesday,SunàSunday,PMàpostmeridiem

（2）1月JanuaryJan2月FebruaryFeb3月MarchMar.4月AprilApr.5月MayMay6月JuneJun.7月JulyJul.8月AugustAug.9月SeptemberSept.10月OctoberOct.11月NovemberNov.12月DecemberDec.

6.

（1）Marathon--telethon/talkathon,hamburger--shrimpburger-

（2）无微不至－无胃不治；其乐无穷－棋乐无穷

7.

（1）

a.fluvirus:

AcausedB

b.safetyline:

BensuresA

c.nightbird:

AistheusualtimewhenBisactive

d.spoon-feeding:

AisoneofthewaystorealizeB.

e.potatopancake:

AistheingredientofB

f.man-made:

BisrealizebyA

gtoiletseat:

BispartA.

（2）“safetyline”vs.“safeline”:

NO,theformermeansthatlinecankeeponesafe,whereasthelattermeansthelineissafe.

（Youcantouchit）

Securityguardandsecureguard

Post-ClassTasks

1.SupplythebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.

a.D;b.B;c.A;d.C;e.A;f.D

2.a.intangibilityb.unevenly

in/tangible/ityun/even/ly

c.friendlinessd.notwithstanding

friend/ly/nessnot/with/stand/ing

e.overseasf.minimalist

over/sea/sminim/al/ist

g.immigrationh.Psychologist

im/migrate/ionpsych/ology/ist

i.occurrencesj.assumption

oc/cur/renceas/sumpt/ion

3.Safe:

conversion

Check-out:

Composition

Dead:

conversion

Valuable:

conversion

4.Adjectiveslike“poor”,“rich”,“fat”,“sick”,“wounded”,“deaf”,“mute”,“Chinese”,“Danish”,“best”,“most”,“least”,“latest”,“accused”,“condemned”,（for）“good”,“thick”（and）“thin”,etc.undergopartialconversion;

stop,pause,halt,look,rest,check,try,taste,smell,etc,oftenundergocompleteconversion.

5.prince/princeling,under/underling,world/worlding,child/childish,self/selfish,fool/foolish

6.Acronyms:

NATO=NorthAtlanticTreaty