A Psychoanalytic Approach to the Growth of BrionyWord下载.docx

A Psychoanalytic Approach to the Growth of BrionyWord下载.docx

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LanMcEwanisoneoftheBritain’smostinfluentialanddistinguishednovelists.SincehisworkAtonementwaspublishedin2001,itwonvarioushonorsincludingtheawardsoftheUSNationalBook,andithasalsobeenratedasoneofthemostpopularandsuccessfulnovelsinrecentyears.McEwan’swork----Atonementtellsastoryofa13yearsoldlittlegirlattainingmaturitybyatoningforherowncrime.Itisfoundthatinherwholelife,shechangesfromalyingchild,fulloffantasyandjealousytoahardrepentantyoungnurse,andfinallysheusesthewritingtoachievetheself-redemption.Inthelongandpainfulroad,shesensesofself,andknowsthetruemeaningoflife.Thisisthepriceofhergrowth.ThispapertriestouseFreud’psychoanalysiswhichincludestheid-drivedbytheoriginaldesire,theego-constrainedthedesirebymoralcriterion,andthesuperego-noblemoralsinternalizingforone’sownthinkingtostudythepsychologicalchangeofthemaincharacterBrionyandattemptstoshedsomelightonthedevelopmentofBriony’spsyche.ThispaperisbasedontheanalysisofBriony’psychologicalchangetoexplainthepriceofhergrowth.Sinceitspublication,abundantcriticismhasappearedconcerningthenovel’stheme,plot,characters,andnarrativetechnique,etc.Uptillnow,therearenosystematicinvestigationusingFreud’psychoanalyticmethodofid,egoandsuperegotointerpretMcEwan’sAtonement.SothisthesisintendstointerpretMcEwan’sAtonementfromtheperspectiveofpsychoanalyticmethod,whichprovidesreadersanewwaytoapproachthenovelandopenupnewpossibilitiesforabetterunderstandingandappreciationofthisnovel.

Keywords:

Freud;

psychoanalysis;

Briony’spiritualworld

以佛洛伊德的精神分析法解读《赎罪》中主人公的成长

薛刚刚

（安康学院外语系，陕西安康，725000）

摘要：

伊恩·

麦克尤恩是英国当代最负盛名且最具影响力的作家之一。

其代表作《赎罪》自2001年出版以来，广受好评，赢得了包括美国国家书评奖在内的多项殊荣，而且也被评为近年来最畅销最成功的小说之一。

麦克尤恩的小说《赎罪》讲述了一个13岁的小女孩如何通过赎罪而步入成熟的故事。

在她的一生中，她从一个充满幻想和嫉妒说谎的小孩，到苦心忏悔的护士，在到用写作来自我救赎的作家，布莱奥尼在漫长而痛苦的赎罪之路上认识了自我，也认识了人生，这是她成长的代价。

本文试通过使用弗洛伊德的心理分析方法：

本我即由原始欲望驱使，自我即通过道德约束欲望，超我即高尚道德内化为自身思维，来研究女主人公布莱奥妮的心理变化，基于这些理论及其心理变化来阐述布莱奥尼成长的代价，在赎罪中成长。

虽然许多文学评论家从主题、内容、人物和叙述手法等不同角度对《赎罪》进行了剖析，但是至今还没有从佛洛伊德的精神分析法，本我自我超我这一独特视角对作品中女主人工进行系统深入的研究。

因此，本文从佛洛伊德的精神分析法解读《赎罪》中主人公的成长，有利于使读者们更好的理解文章，加深对布莱奥妮精神世界的理解，从而发现并感悟文章中潜在的艺术内涵，进入新的艺术空间欣赏。

关键字：

弗洛伊德；

心理分析方法；

布莱恩妮的心理变化

1.Introduction:

1.1Abriefintroductiontotheauthorandthenovelitself

LanMcEwanisoneofthemostinfluentialwritersinEnglishliteratureandheisfamousforhisworkforalmostaquarterofacentury.HewasborninAldershot,England,in1948,thesonofDavidMcEwanandRoseLilianViolet.HisfatherwasaworkingclassScotsmanwhohadworkedhiswayupthroughthearmytotherankofmajor.HespentmuchofhischildhoodinEastAsia,GermanyandNorthAfricawherehisfatherwasposted:

HewaseducatedatWoolverstoneHallSchoolandgraduatedfromtheuniversityofSussexinBrighton.Afterthathereceivedamaster’sdegreeattheuniversityofEastAngliawherehewasoneofthefirstgraduatesofMalcolmBradbury’spioneeringcreativewritingcourse.Then,hesettleddowninLondonin1947asaproductivewriter.Publishedin2001,AtonementiswidelyrecognizedasthebestofMcEwan’sbooksandoneofthemosthonoredandsuccessfulbooksinrecentyears.Andithaswonthe2002BookerPrizenomination,andultimatelyitisunsatisfyingwining,butitreceivedhighpraiseinthecritics.

ThestorybeginsonthesummerdayinasmallvillageofsouthBritain,themanor’slittledaughterBrionyseessomethingthroughthewindowthatsheshouldn’tseeintheafternoon.Andbecauseofthisaccidentalglimpse,herfateischangedandalsomakestwobelovedcoupleapart.Whatdoessheseeanyway?

BrionyhappenstobewatchingfromawindowwhenCeciliastripsoffherclothesandplungesintothefountaintopickupthefragmentsofavaluableporcelainvasewhichisaccidentallybrokenasRobbielookson.Feelingasenseofmenace,littleBrionyconcludesthatRobbiehasforcedhersistertodosomethingshamefulandthatheisamaniac.Thatafternoon,shereadsanobscenenotewhichRobbiewritestoCecilia.Laterthatevening,BrionythinkssheseesRobbieharassingCeciliainthelibrary.Soforateenagergirlattheageof13,itishardforhertoacceptthis,andshebelievesRobbieisanerotomania.Unfortunately,hercousinLolaisrapedatthatnight.AlthoughBrionydoesnotseethepeoplewhorapeshercousin,withabadimpressionofRobbie,BrionyarbitrarilythinksthatRobbieistherapist.Therefore,youngandtalentedRobbieisputintoprison,andhersisterCeciliabreakswithherfamily.WhenBrionyrealizesthatshehaswrongedaninnocentperson,itisevenlateforhertoapologize.Attheendofthenovel,RobbieandCeciliabothdieinthewar.ThetrickoffatemakesBrionygrowupinrepentancewhichisthepriceofhergrowth.Inthegrowthoftheentanglements,Briony,fromapalpitatinggirlwithherownstandardtojudgerightandwronggraduallygrowsintoafemaleimagefullofloveandredemption.Sothispapertriestoanalyzefromtheperspectiveofpsychologicalanalysis,andcombiningwiththecharacteristicsofnovelnarrativetounderstandthoroughlythechangesofBrionywhensheisredeemingherselffromsin.

Sincethenovelwaspublishedfrom2001,ChineseandforeignscholarsarekeentostudywidelyonIanMcEwenandhisliteraryworks,buttheauthorfoundthatfewpeoplemanagetocombinethenovelwithFreud'

spsychoanalysistoanalyzethepriceofgrowthoftheheroineBriony.Therefore,thisoffersnewspaceforannewinterpretationofthisnovel.

1.2Literaryreviewathomeandabroad

Atonementhasreceivedwidespreadpraisefromthereviewerssinceitspublication,manycriticsathomeandabroadhaveshowedtheirinterestsinAtonement,andtheyhavepaidattentiontothisnovelfromdifferentangles,sotheyhaveputforwardmanyideas.

Inforeigncountries,manyeditorsandcriticsshowtheirinterestsinAtonement,andmostofthereviewsfromthenewspapersandthemagezinesconcentrateonthethemes,suchaswar,love,guilt,imaginationorthecharactersandhistoricalbackgroundsofbook.ManyforeignscholarshaveconductedalotofresearchontheworkAtonement,forexample,somecriticspayattentiontothethemeofthenovelandusemeta-fictiontoanalyzethisnovel.TheCanadiancriticLindaHutcheonholdsthatmeta-fictionisthe“fictionaboutfiction,andthenovelcontainsthecommentofitsessayintheirownlanguage”（Hutcheon,2004）.Similarly,BrainFinneyconcentratesontheself-conscioususeofnarrativeinAtonementandarguesagainstthosereviewersofAtonementwhocriticizeAtonementtobeessentiallyrealistnovelthatintheendinappropriatelyresortstoamodishself-reverentially.AndinhisbooktheBlessingofAtonementforIanMcEwen,hepointsoutthattheendofAtonementhasthecharacteristicsofmeta-fiction（Finney,2004:

68）.AdamBegleysaysinTheNewYorkObserver,Atonementwillmakeyouhappyinatleastthreeways;

itoffersalovestory,awarstoryandastoryaboutstories,andsoithitstheheart,thegutsandthebrain（Begley,2002）.TomSeannoticesthatanovelistisabletowriteperfectaestheticprinciplesoftoleranceinhisbookinTheWhiteLies-TheSeriousPropositioninIanMcEwan'

snovelAtonement,andthevirtuethatBrionyexpectedisownedbyLanMcEwan.Hebelievesthattheplot,suspenseandthepersonalemotionintheworkAtonementisthestylesensitive（Simon,2002）.Itisthemostcompleteandcompassionateworksuptillnow.

Also,manyforeignwritersanalyzethisnovelfromdifferentaspects,andsomescrupulouscriticshavenoticedtherelationshipbetweenAtonementandotherwriter’sbooks.In2001,FrankKermodemakesananalysisofthesuperficialresemblanceofAtonementtoHenryJames’sWhatMaisieKnewinhisbookPointofViewin2001（Kermode,2001:

4）.JamesHaroldhasdiscussedaboutthesimilaritiesintheplots,settings,andcharactersofMcEwan’sAtonementandMargaretAtwood’sTheBlindAssassin（Harold,2005:

1）.In2006,theBritishsundaypostpublishedanessaywrittenbyJulieLangtonwhichexposesthatBrionygetsadressingdowninthehospitalthatittakesexamplebyBritishRomanticnovelistPushira’swork.

TheresearchofLanMcEwanhasjuststartedinChina,andwehavegotsomeresearchpapersaboutthiswriterandhisbooks.AtonementwasfirsttranslatedintoChinesebyGuoGuoLiangin2005.Afterthat,itwasrevisedandreprintedforseveraltimes.Comparedwithmajorwesterncritics,atthebeginning,theChinesecriticsdidnotpaymuchattentiontothisnovel.

However,somefamouscriticsdidstarttowritearticlesinordertointroducethepopularBritishwriterLanMcEwanandhisworks.QuShijing,professorfromShanghaiAcademyofsocialScience,wroteanarticleoncontemporaryBritishwritersin1995,inwhichhehighlyappraisedMcEwan.Soon,somecriticsbegantopayattentiontoAtonement.YinJiming（尹吉明，2012）inthearticleanalysesMcEwanAtonementwithhumanisticconcerninthefundamentalvalueholdsthatthisstorytellsastoryaboutsoulsalvationbutnottorevealtheevilorkindofhuman,nottorebukea13yearsoldgirlwhomakesmistakes.Itcallsforthewarmofhuman,thetoleranceandcareofhuman.Itisalwaysinevitabletomakemistakesinhumanlifeandtheonlythingyouneedtodoisjusttofaceyourpastbravelyandyoushouldhavethesenseoftheconscious.Onlyinthatway,canyouhaveahopeofself-redemptionsoastoachieveself-improvementofhumanity.Theexcellentliteraryworkreflectstheharmoniouslife,tellspeople