英语小说导读海明威之 a clean welllighted place的课后练习Word文件下载.docx
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、”[page158]
However,ifweanalysesdeeply,wewillrealizethatinsomniaisjustasymbolismofthestory、Whenyouaresleeplessinthenight,youwillkeepawakethroughthehourofdarkness,andthiswillmakeyoufeellonelyandevenworse,thedespair、Thereisnotonlyaboutinsomniabutaboutloneliness,thedarknessoflife,thesegregationfromtheworld,andthenothingness、Andthosedesperatefeelingsarethemostimportantthingtomaketheoldwaiterandtheoldmanrefusetogotobed
mentontheolderwaiter’smeditationwiththenadarefrain、
Nadameansnothing、ItisaSpanishword、Andfromthisrefrain,wecanknowthatnothingcannotbedealwithbymanorgod、Itisthesenselessnessofeachheart、Thereisnomeaninginlife、Nothingistheexperienceofone’sownexistence,andthethoroughunderstandingoflife、
Whydoestheoldwaitersowellunderstandtheoldman’sneedforacafé
?
Theoldwaiterisamiddleageman、Thoughheisn’tasoldastheoldman,hesuffersthewarandlife,andhealsohastheinsomnialikemanyothermen(perhapsincludingtheoldman)、Healsofeelsthelonelinessandnothingnessinhislife、Sohecanunderstandtheoldman’sfeelingaboutthelife,andhecanevenrelateandseehisfutureintheoldman、Thisiswhytheoldwaitersowellunderstandstheoldman’sneedforacafé
、Thecafé
isapeacefulplacewheretheoldmancanescapefromthelonelinessandnothingnessanddesperationinthelife、
Whatdoesthecafé
representfortheoldmanandtheoldwaiter?
Thecafé
isacleanandwelllightedplaceinthestory、Itisanidealizedspace、Sittinginthecafé
theywillfeelpeacefulandfortable、Thecafé
isaplacewheretheoldmanandtheoldwaitercanescapefromloneliness、Thecafé
islighted,becauselightcanchasesawaythedark、Thecafé
isclean,whichmakesthemfeelfortableandpeaceful、
2
Differentattitudestowardstheoldman
Theyoungwaiter:
Theyoungwaiterisselfishandimpatient、Helooksdownupontheoldman、Hethinkstheoldmanisnasty、Heiseasilyangryandimpolitetotheoldmanbecausehewantstogobackhomeandsleepsearly、Hedoesn’tunderstandtheoldman、Heevenwantstheoldmantosuicide、
e、g、“I’msleepynow,Inevergetintobedbeforethreeo’clock、Heshouldhavekilledhimselflastweek、”[page155]
“Iwouldn’twanttobethatold、Anoldmanisanastything、”[page157para、6]
Theoldwaiter:
Theoldwaitershowshissympathyfortheoldman,whichistotallydifferentwiththeyoungerwaiter、Heknowstheimportanceofacleanandwelllightedplaceforthosewhoneedaplacetoescapefromlonelinessandnothingness、Heknowstheoldman’ssufferingsandwassympathizedwithhim、Hedoesn’tthinkitisbadthattheoldmanstaysinthecafé
late、Herespectstheoldman、
e、g、“Notalways、Thisoldmanisclean、Hedrinkswithoutspilling、Evennow,drunk、”[page157]
Whoseattitudeisclosertothatoftheauthor?
Ithinktheoldwaiter’sattitudeisclosertotheauthor’sattitude、Theyoungwaiterisignorance、Hedoesn’tunderstandtheoldman’smindsohecan’tstandfortheattitudeoftheauthor、Andtheoldwaiterissympathizedwiththeoldmanandheunderstandswhattheoldmansuffers、Heknowsthelonelinessandnothingness;
heknowsthelossanddespairinthelife、Sotheoldwaiter’sattitudeabouttheoldmanisclosertotheauthor‘sattitude、
Howdoestheauthormakehisownfeelingclearlytous?
EventhoughHemingwaydoesn’teditoriallystatehisownfeelings,wecanknowclearlyfromhisstory、Wecananalyzefromthedescriptionoftheoldman、
e、g、“notalways、Thisoldmanisclean、Hedrinkswithoutspilling、Evennow,drunk、”[page157]
Averyoldmanwalkingunsteadilybutwithdignity、[page157]
3
Thestyleofthestory
Inthisshortstory,wecanseeaveryHemingway’swritingstyle、
Firstly,youcanhardlyfindanyplicatedwords,phrasesorsentences、Hemingwayuseseasyandsimplewordasmanyaspossible、Hetriestocutoutanyunnecessarywords、Thewholestoryiseasytoreadbutnottounderstand、
e、g、Itwaslateandeveryonehasleftthecafé
exceptanoldmanwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemadeagainsttheelectriclight、[firstparagraph]
Secondly,thestoryconsistsofalotofdialogues、Andthesedialoguesarecolloquialandloose、
e、g、“Hewasindespair、”
“Whatabout?
”
“Nothing、”[page155]
Thirdly,thedialogueisdeviatedfromordinaryconversationorder、
e、g、“Hemustbeeightyyearsold、”
“AnywayIshouldsayhewaseighty、”
“Iwishhewouldgohome、Inevergettobedbeforethreeo’clock、Whatkindofhouristhattogotobed?
”(Thesethreedialoguesactuallyaresaidbytheyoungwaiter、)
Whatrepetitionofwordsorphrasesseemparticularlyeffective?
Theword“café
”appearsabout9times、Theword“nothing”appealsabout8timesandthe“Nada”appealsabout23times、“Light”appeals5times、“Cleanandpleasant”appeals3times、And“lighted(includingwelllighted)”appealsabouttwice、
Ithinkthesewords’andphrases’repetitionsareveryeffective、Theyhaveadeepsymbolisminthestory、Forexample:
Café
standsforapeacefulplaceintheirheart,wherecangivethemfort、Andthroughthisrepetitionwewillpaymoreattentiontothiswordandthinkaboutitsprofoundmeaningandsymbolism、Anotherexample:
inthestory,HemingwayusetheSpanishwordNada,thisisnotonlytoshowtheauthorwasgoodatSpanish,butalsotodrawreadersattention、Andmakesreaderthinkaboutthisword、
WhydoyouthinkHemingwayfavorsasimplevocabulary?
IthinkthatHemingwayusesasimplevocabularybecausethewordisnotthemostimportantthingtoshowforhim、Themostimportantthinginhismindistoconveyideasabouttheworld、Andhedoesn’twantreadersspendalotoftimetoreadthestory,hewantsthereadersspendmoretimetothinkaboutwhatistheprofoundthingthestorywantstotell,andhewantsreaderstounderstandthestoryexactlybutnotjustpayattentiontotheplot、Andtheextremeshortnessmakesthepointofthestorymorepowerful、
4Thepointofviewanditsappropriateness
Thepointofviewofthestoryisthethirdpersonnarrator、
Hemingwayusesthispointofviewinordertomakeusseewhat’shappeningbothinsideandoutsideofthecharacters’minds、Wegethintsofwhat’shappeningwiththeyoungerwaiterandtheoldman、Andwecangetacloselookattheinsideoftheoldwaiter’smind,wherethetruemeaningofthestoryisrevealed、
5Thesymbolismofinsomnia
Thiswordjustappealsattheendofthestory、Whenyouareinsomniac,youcannotsleepinthenight、Andyouwilltouchtheworldmorecloselyandfeellonelier、Inthestory,insomniaisnotonlyakindofdisease,butthefeelingofloneliness,thedarknessoflifeandthesegregationfromtheworld、Itisaboutfear,nothingandloss、
6Themainideaofthestory
Thestorytalksaboutloneliness,whichHemingwayconsiderstobetheprincipaltragedyofmodernlife、Nothingisalsoanimportantthemeofthestory、Fortheoldman,nadameanshopelessness,aimlessnessandmeaninglessnessoflife、Sohechoosessuicide、Fortheoldwaiter,heunderstandsthefeelingoftheoldmanandhassympathytohim、Hecanalsofeelnothinginhislife、Asfortheyoungwaiter,hehasyouth,confidenceandajob、Hedoesn’trealizeheisalsoinnothing、Heisunawareofwhathehas、Hislifeisanotherkindofmeaninglessness、
7Elementsofthesettingofthestoryandtheatmospherethatwasbuilt
Thephysicalsetting
e、g、Itwaslateandeveryonehadleftthecafé
expectanoldmanwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemadeagainsttheelectriclight、Inthedaytimethestreetwasdusty,butatnightthedewsettledthedustandtheoldmanlikedtositlatebecausehewasdeafandnowatnightitwasquietandhefeltthedifference、[page154—page155]
Inthisparagraphwecanseethetime—fromdaytimetonight、Theplace—acafé
acleanandwelllightedcafé
、Anditmakesatmospherethatadifferentplacefromthedaytime、Nowtheplaceisquietandthegoodlightgivespeopleasenseofsecurityandpeace、However,italsomakespeoplealittleupsetandhopelessnessthattheoldmansitsintheshadow、
Thementalsetting
e、g、Somelivedinitandneverfeltitbutheknewitallwasnadaypuesnadaynadaypuesdana、Ournadawhoartinnada,nadabethynamethykingdomnadathywillbenadainnadaasitisinnada、…hailnothingfullofnothing,nothingiswiththee、[page159]
Thisistheoldwaiter’smeditationofthenadarefrain、Itmakesstressfulatmosphere、wecanfeeltheakindofnothingnesswhichyoucannotescape、Thewordsgivereadersconfusionbutyoucanfeelthelossandhugedespairclearly、
Thesocialsetting
e、g、“Youhaveyouth,confidence,andajob,”theoldwaitersaid、“youhaveeverything、”
“Andwhatdoyoulack?
”
“Everythingbutwork、”
“YouhaveeverythingIhave、”
“No、、IhaveneverhadconfidenceandIamnotyou、”[page158]
Thisdialogueistalkingabouttheirsocialstatus、Theyoungwaiterthinksthathehasconfidenceandajob、Buttheoldwaiterthinksthathehasnothing、Thisparisonmakewethinkaboutwhatdotheyreallyhave、Andtheatmosphereisl