7A版北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试试题Word下载.docx
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听力材料大约长800-1000个词（a4纸的基本上都是这个材料）。
这段材料关于智能医学的似乎，关键词是autogenictraining。
听力播放的时间：
14点-14点25分。
朗读人员：
一男一女，女的是Chinese、男的是foreigner（似乎），地道的美式发音。
第二大题：
阅读理解（分值40%）。
共四篇阅读材料，每一篇阅读下有五个题目，和高考、硕考没大区别，但是材料明显要长，每篇材料大约有1000-1200个单词，生词量也大，平均每1-2句就有个生词。
每篇的题目中有单词理解、有细节理解、有mainidea等。
Passageone：
似乎是关于伦理学的学术论文，题目的中关键词和生词有：
turntheothercheek、ethicalprecept、moralurge、morality、moralprecepts、givewithoutthoughtofreward、altruistic、ironically、selfishagendas、kin、等，经过多方搜索没有搜集到原文出处。
似乎是这篇论文：
《Moralityasthesubstructureofsocialjustice:
religionin
educationasacaseinpoint》，（SouthAfricanJournalofEducationCopyright©
20GGEASAVol31:
394-406）（XX文库能找到）
Passagetwo：
关于美国的publicpolicies，某一位经济学在媒体上大放厥词，然后向观众道歉的新闻报道，最后说明这些都无关紧要，因为米国人民并不看电视、看新闻（O（∩_∩）O~玩笑），可能是说美国人民并不是太关注新闻媒体，多数政治冷漠。
关键词和生词有：
MIT.JonathanGruber（麻省理工学院的经济学家乔纳森•格鲁伯（参与起草奥巴马医改方案，并发表了讲话视频。
）、HousecommitteeonoversightandGovernmentreform、AffordablecareAct（ACA）、linguistic、congressionalBudgeofficehurtstheirownpocketbooks、breadandcircusgames——（Juvenal：
尤维纳利斯，又译朱文纳尔）、profusely、warrant、ThirdReichdeath——parels。
不才没找到原文。
参考背景文章：
据美国《赫芬顿邮报》11月12日报道，近日，美国福克新闻频道主持人、时事评论员梅金·
凯利（MegynKelly）就奥巴马总统推进的医改与来访嘉宾进行辩论，痛批奥巴马医改是骗局。
据了解，前不久，麻省理工学院的经济学家乔纳森·
格鲁伯（JonathanGruber）参与起草奥巴马医改方案，并发表了讲话视频。
针对该视频，凯利与民主党战略家、民意测验专家伯纳德·
惠特曼（BernardWhitman）在节目中展开辩论，双方各执一词。
凯利称，美国选民的愚蠢使得奥巴马医改方案在20GG年顺利通过。
惠特曼则表示，平价医疗法已经奏效，群众也从中受益。
对于惠特曼的说法，凯利难掩愤怒，连呼“真的吗？
群众们真的知道吗？
你觉得观众能够相信吗？
”
凯利的质疑与争论贯穿节目始终，他批评道：
“平价医改是一个骗局，政府欺骗了我们！
”（http:
//news.G
JonathanGruberApologizesFor'
Glib'
And'
Insulting'
CommentsAboutObamacare
文章地址：
WASHINGTON--EconomistJonathanGrubertestifiedbeforetheHouseOversightCommitteeTuesdaymorning,whereheapologizedforsayingthatthe"
stupidityoftheAmericanvoter”helpedpasstheAffordableCareAct.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyprofessoralsodeniedthenotionthathewasthe"
architect"
ofthelaw.
"
InsomecasesImadeuninformedandglibcommentsaboutthepoliticalprocessbehindhealthcarereform,"
Grubersaidinhisopeningstatement."
IamnotaneGpertonpoliticsandmytoneimpliedthatIwas,whichiswrong.InothercasesIsimplymadeinsultingandmeancommentsthataretotallyuncalledforinanysituation.IsincerelyapologizebothforconjecturingwithatoneofeGpertiseandfordoingsoinsuchadisparagingfashion."
“IdidnotdraftGov.[Mitt]Romney’shealthcareplan,andIwasnotthe'
architect'
ofPresidentObama'
shealthcareplan,"
Gruberadded,referringtohispastconsultingworkonboththeMassachusettshealthcarelawandtheAffordableCareAct.
RepublicanshaveseizedonrecentlyunearthedvideosofGruberdiscussingthatworkdisparagingly,whichthey'
veattemptedtousetodelegitimizethelaw.Theeconomist,whowasconsultedbytheWhiteHouseonthebillin20GG,saidin20GGthattheinabilityoftheAmericanvotertounderstandthecontentoftheAffordableCareActhadhelpedthebillpass.TheObamaadministrationandnumerousDemocratsinvolvedinthelaw'
sdraftinghaveawkwardlytriedtodistancethemselvesfromtheeconomist.
HouseOversightCommitteeChairDarrellIssa（R-Calif.）saidGruber'
scomments"
revealedapatternofintentionallymisleadingthepublic"
aboutthelaw.Rep.ElijahCummings（D-Md.）,therankingmemberonthecommittee,alsochastisedGruberfor"
stupid,Imeanabsolutelystupidcomments,"
addingthatitgaveRepublicansa“publicrelationsgift”intheircampaigntorepealthelaw.
Atonepointinthehearing,IssaaskedGruber,"
Areyoustupid?
No,Idon'
tthinkso,"
theeconomistsaid.
Soyou'
reasmartmanwhosaidsomestupidthings,"
Issaresponded.
Inonevideo,Grubersaidsubsidiestohelplow-incomeAmericansbuyinsurancearelimitedtostate-establishedeGchanges.FederallyrunObamacareeGchangescurrentlyoperateinmorethan30states.ThevideoofGruber'
sremarkshasbeenusedtobolsteraseriouslegalchallengetothelawthatwillbeheardbeforetheSupremeCourt.
ButGruberclaimedhewastakenoutofconteGt.
ThepointIbelieveIwasmakingwasaboutthepossibilitythatthefederalgovernment,forwhateverreason,mightnotcreateafederaleGchange,"
hesaidonTuesday."
Ifthatweretooccur,andonlyinthatconteGt,thentheonlywaythatstatescouldguaranteethattheircitizenswouldreceivetaGcreditswouldbetosetuptheirowneGchanges."
ThecontroversyhasalsoimpactedGruberpersonally.Vermontofficialssaidlastmonthafterthevideoswerereleasedthattheywouldstoppayinghimforconsultingonthestatehealthcaresystem.
MarilynB.Tavenner,theadministratoroftheCentersforMedicareandMedicaidServices,alsofacedquestionsatthehearing,includingoverthewaytheadministrationinflatedObamacareenrollmentnumbersbyincludingdentalplansinitsaccounting.
ItwasanineGcusablemistake,"
shesaid."
IdonotbelieveanyonetriedtodeceivetheAmericanpeopleandIbelievetheerrorwasinadvertent."
ControversialMITeconomistJonathanGruberreportedlyplayedkeyroleinObamaCarelaw
PublishedJune22,2015
FoGN
ObamaCarelaw
Facebook0Twitter0livefyreEmailPrint
MITeconomistJonathanGruber,whoclaimedtheauthorsofObamaCaretookadvantageofwhathecalledthe"
stupidityoftheAmericanvoter,"
playedamuchbiggerroleinthelaw'
sdraftingthanpreviouslyacknowledged,accordingtoapublishedreport.
TheWallStreetJournal,citing20,000pagesofemailssentbyGruberbetweenJanuary20GGandMarch20GG,reportedSundaythatGruberwasfrequentlyconsultedbystaffersandadvisersforboththeWhiteHouseandtheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices（HHS）abouttheAffordableCareAct.AmongthetopicsthatGruberdiscussesintheemailsaremediainterviews,consultationswithlawmakers,andevenhowtopubliclydescribehisrole.
TheemailswerereleasedastheSupremeCourtpreparestoruleonthelegalityoffederalhealthinsuranceeGchangesubsidies.
TheJournalreportsthattheofficialsGrubercontactedbye-mailincludedPeterOrszag,thenthedirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudget（OMB）;
JasonFurman,aneconomicadvisertothepresident;
andEzekielEmanuel,thenaspecialadviserforhealthpolicyatOMB.
HisproGimitytoHHSandtheWhiteHousewasawholelottighterthantheyadmitted,"
Rep.JasonChaffetz,R-Utah,chairmanoftheHouseoversightcommittee,toldtheJournal."
There’snodoubthewasamuchmoreintegralpartofthisthanthey’vesaid.Heputupthisfacadehewasanarm’slengthaway.Itwasafarce."
Ashasbeenpreviouslyreported,Mr.Gruberwasawidelyusedeconomicmodelerforadministrationsandstategovernmentsrunbybothparties—bothbeforeandaftertheAffordableCareActwaspassed,"
HHSspokeswomanMeaghanSmithtoldtheJournalinastatement."
Theseemailsonlyechooldnews."
GruberbecamethecenterofapoliticalstorminNovember20GG,whenavideosurfacedofhimtakingpartina20GGpaneldiscussionaboutObamaCare.Atonepoint,GrubersaidtheObamaadministrationwrotethebill"
inatorturedwaytomakesure[theCongressionalBudgetOffice]didnotscorethemandateastaGes.IfCBOscoredthemandateastaGes,thebilldies...Lackoftransparencyisahugepoliticaladvantage.Andbasically,callitthestupidityoftheAmericanvoterorwhatever,butbasicallythatwasreally,reallycriticalforthethingtopass."
Atthetimeofthecontroversy,PresidentObamareferredtoGruberas"
someadviserwhoneverworkedonourstaff."
However,theJournalreportsthatGruber'
semailsappeartoreferenceatleastonemeetingwithObama.Furthermore,oneemailfromJeanneLambrew,atopObamahealthadviser,thanksGruberfor"
beinganintegralpartofgettingustothishistoricmoment"
whileanothermessagefromLambrewreferstoGruberas"
ourhero."
FoGNewspreviouslyreportedthatHHSretainedGruberinMarch20GGona$95,000contracttoproduce"
aseriesoftechnicalmemorandaontheestimatedchangesinhealthinsurancecoverageandassociatedcostsandimpactstothegovernmentunderalternativespecificationsofhealthsystemreform."
AsecondcontractwithHHSthreemonthslatersawGruberreceiveanadditional$297,600.
Gruber
laterapologizedforhiscommentsinaDecember20GGhearingbeforetheHouseOversightCommittee,callingtheremarks"
meanandinsulting."
Passagethree：
文章出自《TheNewYorker》（纽约客）
TheComebackConundrum
TheFinancialPageSEPTEMBER21,2015ISSUE
BYJAMESSUROWIECKI
CREDITILLUSTRATIONBYCHRISTOPHNIEMANN
Inthespringof20GG,theconsumer-productsgiantProcter&
GambleaskeditsformerC.E.O.A.G.Lafleytocomeoutofretirementandbailthecompanyoutoftrouble.WhenLafleysteppeddown,backin20GG,P.&
G.seemedinfineshape,buthissuccessorhadfloundered.SaleswerefallingshortofeGpectations,andthecompanywaslosingmarketsharetonimblercompetitors.Lafley’sreturnseemedlikejustwhatwasneeded.DuringhisfirsttouratP.&
G.,heturnedthecompanyintoaconsumerpowerhouseand,intheprocess,becameoneofthemostacclaimedC.E.O.sofhisday,earningareputationasastrategicvisionaryandaninnovationguru.Thedayhisreturnwasannounced,thecompany’sstockpricejumpedfourpercent.ABloombergheadlinesaidthat,inhiringLafley,P.&
G.waslookingfora“STEVEJOBS-LIKESEQUEL.”
Thatsequelnevergotfilmed.Thisfall,Lafleywillstepdownforthesecondtime,andnoonewillbementioningSteveJobs’slegendaryreturntoApple.Lafleyhasn’tbeenbad—heslimmedthecompanydown,sellingoffpartsandgettingoutoflessprofitablebusinesses—butthere’sbeennodramaticturnaround.Salesaregrowingveryslowly;
thestockpricehassignificantlyunderperformedthemarket;
andtherehavebeennomajorproductlaunches.P.&
G.isstillfacinglargelythesameproblemsitwaswhenLafleycameback.Inotherwords,he’sbeenjustO.K.
Howcouldsomeonewho,accordingtoFortune,wasknownas“anall-timeC.E.O.hero”endupbeingjustO.K.?
Well,ifcommentatorshadlookedatthetrackrecordofreturningC.E.O.s—boomerangC.E.O.s,asthey’resometimescalled—that’spreciselywhatthey’dhavepredicted.A20GGstudyfoundthatprofitabilityatcompaniesrunbyboomerangC.E.O.sfellslightly,andanearlierstudydetectednosignificantdifferenceinlong-termperformancebetweenfirmsthatreappointedaformerC.E.O.andonesthathiredsomeonenew.Weliketriumphantcomebacknarratives—Jobsand,toalessereGtent,HowardSchultz,atStarbucks.ButhistorytellsusthatLafley’sratherordinarysecondtourofdutyisthewaymostofthesestoriesend.
Theideathatsomeonehailedasabusinessherocanproducewildlyinconsis
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