《有机化学基础》前两章复习docxWord下载.docx

《有机化学基础》前两章复习docxWord下载.docx

《《有机化学基础》前两章复习docxWord下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《有机化学基础》前两章复习docxWord下载.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

alkene,alkyne,benzene,halogenatedorganiccompoundstothefollowingexercises:

Name:

theCII3C1I（Oil）CH2OH

Cl

CH2

CCH2CH3

CH3

4.

5.

6

4.Isomerismandisomer:

themethodofwritingisomers:

One

（1）carbonchainisomer

（2）（3）functionalpositionofheterogeneousheterogeneous（4）CIStransisomersofthewritingrules-一fourwords:

fromlongtoshortchainbranchedfromthewhole;

topowder;

branchedorfunctionalgroupsbylocationtotheedge;

arrangementofadjacent,・Exercise:

1）（molecularformulaC6H14alkanes,containing3methylisomersintheformula,（A）,2（B）,3（C）,4（D）5）

（2）afterdetermination,anorganicmattermoleculecontains2-CH3,one-CH2-2;

one-CH-oneCl.Describethestructureoftheisomerofthisorganiccompound:

C2H5

（3）accordingtothesystemname,2-CH-CH2-C-CH3backbonecarbonatomnumberis（.CH）CH（CH3）2A.5B.6C.7D.8（4）（CH3CH2）（2CHCH3）iscorrectlynamedA.3-B.2-methylethylmethylpentanepentaneC.2-butanebutane（5ethylD.3-Name:

CH3）CH3CH3-CH-C-CH3CH3-CHCH3CH3CH2CH3（6）.Writeoutthefollowingorganictype:

w.w.w.k・s.5.u.c.o.m2,6-two一4一methyl4-ethylocta.ne:

the2,5-two;

4-2methyl,5-hexadiene;

3:

2,3-twomethylthe2,3,3-：

hexane;

trimethylpentane:

:

Two

Alkanehavingonlyoneethylandsmallestamountofalkane:

（7）ahydrocarbonmolecularformulaisC10H14,canmakewaterfade,butcanmakePotassiumPermanganateacidsolution,

Themolecularstructurecontainsonlyonealkyl,alkylstructureconsistsof:

thegeneralstepsandmethodsofA,2B,3C,4D,5and5oforganiccompounds

（1）separationandpurification（distillation,recrystallization,sublimation,chromatographicseparation）;

（2）elementalanalysis（analysis,quantitativeelementalanalysisofYuanSuding）-determinethetype;

（3）thedeterminationofrelativemolecularmass（massspectrometry）-Determinationofmolecularformula;

（4）identificationofmolecularstructures（Chemistryandphysics）・Practice:

the2002Nobelprizeinchemistryinrecognitionofthetworesults,oneofwhichistheSwissscientistKurtWiithrichinventedthemethodforthedeterminationofthethree-dimensionalstructureofbiologicalmacromoleculesinsolutionbyNMRtechnique"

、Inchemistry,thehydrogennuclearmagneticresonancespectrumisoftenusedtodeterminethedifferenthydrogenatomsinorganicmoleculesaccordingtothesignalsgivenbyhydrogenatomsindifferentchemicalenvironments・Thefollowingorganicmoleculespresentonlyonesignalin1HNMR:

A,HCHO,B,CH30H,C,HCOOH,D,CH3C00CH3

6,methodofdeterminingthemolecularformula

（1）foreachelementbythemassfractionofeachelement,experimentalmethodofatomicnumberratio（experimental）,usingchemicalequationformolecularformulacontainingformo1armass,orotherconditions,bythedensityoflmolmolecules・Molecularformulausinggeneralformulaandrelativemolecularweight・Molecularweight・

（2）thequantityrelationmethodofsubstance（3）chemicalequationmethod（4）theamountofmatterinthee1ementsofthecombustionformulaandthemolecularformula,（subjecttoM=dg/cm3*103.22.4L/mol）

Exercise:

（1）4.74gC02and1.92gH20wereobtainedaftercombustionof3.26gsample・Therelativemolecularmassofthesamplewas60.Theexperimentalformulaandmolecularformulaofthesamplewereobtained・

（2）whenagaseoushydrocarbonisfullycombustedin9Loxygenat125DEGC,thevolumeofthemixedgasafterreactionisstillIL（10L）,andthehydrocarbonmaybe

Three

A.CH4

B.C2H4

C.C2H2

D.C6H6

7,alkanes:

onlycontainingC-C-HbondandCbondhydrocarbons,alsocalledalkanes・（ifC-Cislinkedintoaring,calledahydrocarbon）Formula:

CnH2n+2（n二1）physicalproperties

（1）physicalpropertieswithincreasingnumberofcarbonatomsinthemolecule,changesintheboilingpointgradually,therelativedensitygradually;

（2）thenumberofcarbonatomsatthesametime,morebranched,meltingpointandboilingpoint・（3）thedensityofalkaneissmallerthanthatofwater,insolubleinwaterandsolubleinorganicsolvent.Chemicalproperties（similartomethane）:

substitutionreactions:

anequationforthechlorinationofbutaneandchlorine

Theoxidationreaction:

writealkanecombustionformulacanmakeacidicsolution.PotassiumPermanganatealkaneandolefin8concepts:

Formula:

（variationofphysicalpropertiessimilartothoseofalkanes）ethyleneproduction:

chemicalproperties（ethyleneandsimilar）

（1）alkeneadditionreaction:

thereactionofethyleneandchlorinereactionofethyleneandH20ofethyleneandHC1thereaction

（2）oxidationreaction:

1:

writethecombustionformulacanmakeacidicsolution.PotassiumPermanganateolefin（canbeusedfortheidentificationofalkaneandalkene）additionpolymerization:

synthesisofpolyvinylchloride・

Synthesisofpolypropylene（3）CIStransisomerismofolefins:

Practice:

mixingmethanewithethyleneandremovingethylenetoobtainpuremethane,preferablybyShengYouna

Four

Somereagentsforwashingcylinders?

（A.）clarifylimeconcentratedH2S04B.acidicKMnO4solution,concentratedH2S04C.,H2S04D.H2S04concentratedbromineconcentration,acidicsolutionofKMnO4practice:

thefollowingorganicmoleculesthatcanformcisisomeris（A.CH2==CHCH3）

B.CH2二二二CHCH2CH3C.CH3CH二二二C（CH3）2D.CH3CH二二二CHC1exercise:

withthesamecarbonandhydrogencontentwithpropylene,butneitherhomologuesarenotisomers（is）

A.B・C.cyclopropane,cyclobutaneethyleneD.propanemixedgaspractice:

15gramsofmethaneandethylenethroughfilledwithwater（enough）towashthebottle,afterthereactionofbrominewatermeasuredweight7g,mixedmethaneandethylenegasvolumeratio（A.2）:

1B.1:

2C.32:

D.2:

3A,Bpractice:

twokindsofhydrocarbon,themassfractionofthecarbonisthesameasthatofAandBonthenarrativeiscorrect:

A.twoisprobablynotthesimplesttwohomologuesC.thesameD.eachlmolAandBrespectivelycombustionqualitygeneratedC02beequal9dienethereactionofdienehydrocarbon:

plus:

twotypesofalkynes:

10,compositionandstructurecharacteristicsofacetyleneacetylene:

physicalproperties:

thepreparationofacetyleneacetylene:

chemicalproperties:

（1）,

（2）:

flammable,acidsolutionoutofPotassiumPermanganateColor（3）,theadditionreaction:

allatomfollowingmolecularcouldnotcoexistinthesameplane（is）molecularcompositionandstructureofA.C2H2B.C02C.NH3-D.C6H611,benzeneisofsimplestructure,structuretype,molecularconfiguration.Physicalproperties:

theoxidationreactionofbenzene:

combustionintheair,smokebutnotmakePotassiumPermanganateacidsolution.

Five

B.twomustbeisomers

Substitutionreactionofbenzene（halogenationandnitration）

Additionreactionofbenzene（withH2,C12）

Conclusion:

burning,adding,andreplacingexercises:

allatomsinthefollowingsubstancesarelikelytobeonthesameplane

）

Thepracticewastoidentifythefollowinggroupsofsubstancesbychemicalmethods

（1）benzeneandethylbenzene

（2）ethaneandethylene（3）benzene,xylene,ethylene,12halogenatedhydrocarbons:

halohydrocarbonis.Themolecularstructurewaswritebromoethaneelectronictype,type,structuretype,simplestructure

Theintroductionofbromineatomchemistrywasthephysicalpropertiesofbromoethanehaveinfluenceonthepropertiesofhydrolysisreactionofbromoethane:

CH3CH2Br+NaOH（H-OH）

Eliminationreaction:

CH3CH2Br+NaOH（ethanol）

Six

（1）CH3

CHBr

CH2CH3

Howmanyproductsarethereinthereaction?

（2）theeliminationreactioncanoccur・Theisomerintheproductis（

（3）theisomerofoneofthefollowingchlorinesubstitutesis

A.,propane,B・,butane,C・,isobutane（D.newpentane）

Seven

ThefirsttwochaptersofOrganicChemistry

Classname

I.selectionquestions:

1.Thecategoriesandfunctionalgroupsofthefollowingsubstancesarecorrect

CH3CHCH3

A.phenols-OH,B.

COOH

carboxylicacid

-CHO

C0C

C.

Aldehydes-CHO,D.CH3-O-CH3

Ether

2,thefollowingbelongstotheseparationandpurificationofsolidorganicmatter（A.）istheoperationofthedistillation

B.extractionC・recrystallizationD・solution3,thefollowingisthecorrectnameoforganicmatter（A.2-）B.12-twoethylpentane,chlorobutaneC.2,2-two-4-D.34-methylcyclohexanol,twomethylpentane4,aAlkynesbycatalytichydrogenation