高一定语从句相关知识归纳整理专题训练Word文档格式.docx
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定语
不可省
that
which
物
指代
所作成分
是否可省略
When
时间
状语
否
Where
地点
why
原因
1.关系代词的用法:
1)由who引导的定语从句
关系代词who只能指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。
如:
Ateacherisapersonwhopassesknowledgetothestudent.
Themanwhocandothisworkwillget1000dollars.
Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.
2)由whom引导的定语从句
关系代词whom只能指人,是who的宾格,在从句中作宾语,在口语中常常省略。
Themanwhomyoumetonthestreetismyfather.
Thewoman(whom)youtalkedwithyesterdaywillcomeherethedayaftertomorrow.
Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.
3)由whose引导的定语从句
关系代词whose在从句中作定语,既可指人,又可指物。
Thisistheboywhoseparentsdiedlastyear.
Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown.
DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?
4)由that引导的定语从句
关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语,又可作宾语;
既可指人,又可指物。
Sheisthewomanthatoftencomeshere.
Thebookthatisonthedeskwaswrittenbymygrandfather.
Ilikethebookthatmyunclegavemeverymuch
Sheisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
Heisnolongerthemanthathewas
5)由which引导的定语从句
关系代词which一般指物,在从句中可作主语,也可以作宾语。
ThatisthepencilwhichIlostyesterday.
Thebookwhichsheputonthetableisaboutbiology.
Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.
HisfatherworksinafactorywhichmakesTVsets.
2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点
1)当先行词指人时,许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who,但在下列情况下,宜用who而不用that。
①先行词是one,ones,anyone时,宜用who。
Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
②先行词为he,she,they,people,those时,宜用who。
Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere.
Hewhodoesn’tgototheGreatWallisn’tatrueman.
③一个句子带有两个定语从句时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that,另一个用who。
Theboythatyoumetattheschoolgateyesterdaymorningisourmonitorwhostudiesveryhard.
2)当先行词指物时,许多情况下,既可以用关系代词which,也可用关系代词that,但在下列情况中,只能用关系代词that,而不用which。
①当先行词是不定代词all,none,any,every,no,some,few,little,much,both,anything,everything,nothing等或被这些词修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which。
EverythingwehaveseeninChinaismoving.
Ihavenothingthatisworthreading.
ThisisallthatIwanttosayatthemeeting.
Haveyouanybooksthatareworthreading?
②当先行词既指人又指物时。
TheprofessorandhisachievementthatIheardaboutareadmiredbythem.
Let’stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.
③当先行词被thelast,thevery和theonly修饰时。
ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.
TheonlybookIwanttoreadismissing.
④当先行词前有序数词或最高级时。
YouarethefirstpersonthatIwanttoaskfor.
ThisisthesecondbookthatIhaveeverwritten.
Mybrotherstudiesintheschoolwhichisthemostbeautifulinourcitythatisn’tfarfromhere.
⑤在强调句子中,并且以who,which,what开头时。
Whowasitthatwaslost?
究竟是谁迷路了?
Whatwasitthatyoudidlastweek?
⑥在双重限定性定语从句中,如果一个从句用who或者which引导时,那么另一个从句用that引导。
HeisthestudentthatIhaveeverseenwhocanjumphighest.
⑦当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。
Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminchess?
Whichisthepicturethatimpressedyoumost?
⑧在therebe的句型中,句子的主语是先行词,而且又是物。
TherearetwonovelsthatIwanttoread.。
Thereisnoworkthatcanbedonenow.
⑨当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。
Thisisthebookthatwasboughtyesterday.
Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.
⑩以Hereis(are)开头的句子时。
Hereisafilmthatwillmoveanyone.
HerearetwobooksthatIwillbuy.
3)that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。
Thisisthebook(which)youwerelookingforyesterday.
Idon’tlikethenovel(that)youarereading.
4)whom,which作介词宾语时,介词可提至关系代词前,构成“介词+which/whom从句”结构,
Doyouknowtheboytowhomyourmotheristalking?
Doyouknowtheboywhomyourmotheristalkingto?
HegavemesomenovelswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.
HegavemesomenovelswhichIamnotveryfamiliarwith.
注意以下几点:
①介词提前,关系代词不可省略
Thisisthequestionabovewhichwehavehadsomuchdiscussion.
②介词提前时只能使用“介词+which(物)”以及“介词+whom(人)”的结构,不能用that,who.
ThewomantowhomIspokeisateacher.
=Thewoman(who/whom/that)Ispoketoisateacher.
Isthisthehouseinwhichhewasborn?
=Isthisthehouse(which/that)hewasbornin?
③当关系代词作lookafter,lookfor,seeto,takecareof等不能拆开的短语动词的宾语时,介词不可以提前。
Thisisthebookwhich/thatI’mlookingfor.
类似短语还有listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,lookforwardto,hearof,getalongwith,catchupwith,makeuseof,takepartin.
★介词+关系代词选择技巧
①看从句中的名词,形容词,动词,介词的固定搭配。
例如:
TheboytowhomIgaveaphotoishisbrother.(givesthtosb)
ThetwothingsaboutwhichhewasnotsurewereEnglishreadingandwriting.(besureaboutsth)
②介词+名词构成的介词通常在句中作状语,当被定语从句所修饰的名词位于这样的介词短语中时,关系代词which/whom前的介词应根据其搭配来定。
-例如:
Istillrememberthemorningonwhichhefirstcametoschool.(onthemorning)
Hetoldusagoodwayinwhichweareabletofinishthework.(intheway)
Manypeopleleftthecityinwhichtheyhadlivedformanyyears.(inthecity)
③看先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义
Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolorofwhichisbrightandnice.
★“介词+关系代词”拓展
①复杂介词+关系代词
用于该结构中的关系代词有which,whom,whose.常用复杂介词有becauseof,infrontof,atthebackof.
Hehadabadcold,becauseofwhichhedidn’tattendthemeeting.
Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.
Themonkeycrossedtheriver,inthemiddleofwhichhewasalmostkilled.
②简单介词+关系代词+名词
用于该结构中的关系代词有which,whose,此时介词的正确选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义.
Mr.Liu,withwhosehelpIfinishedthetaskontime,isoneoftheteachersIloveandrespect.
We’llmoveintoourflatnextSaturday,bywhichtimeitwillbecompletelypainted.
③表部分的词+of+关系代词
All,both,neither,none,either,some,any,many,most,few,half,anumberof,数词+最高级
Mr.Smithhasthreesons,allofwhomarefootballfans.
Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.
4)当关系代词前缺少先行词时,需要用theone来充当先行词,再加上合适的关系词。
Isthisbook(theonethat)youlenthimyesterday?
Thisbookistheone(that)youlenthimyesterday.
Isthisthebook(that/which)youlenthimyesterday?
Thisisthebook(that/which)youlenthimyesterday?
3.关系副词的用法
1)when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有time,day,morning,night,week,year等。
IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.
DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMr.Liu.
2)where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。
它的先行词通常有place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。
Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.
IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.
Thisistheplacewherewelivedforfiveyears.
3)why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。
Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.
Iknowthereasonwhyhecamehere.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点:
1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:
when=on(in,at,during...)+which;
where=in(at,on...)+which;
why=forwhich.如:
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.
2)当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.
Thefactorywhichwewillvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactorywhereweareworking.
Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.(where=inthehouse=inwhich)
Thisisthehousethatwhichhevisitedlastyear.(that/which作visited的宾语)
Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tcometoschool?
(why=forthereason=forwhich)
Thereasonthat/whichhegaveussoundedalittlestrange.(that/which作gave的宾语)
3)where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词,但也有特殊情况。
1.I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
解析:
如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。
通过对上述知识的掌握,对于一个句子我们可用不同的表达方法来表达。
那就是他工作的大学。
三、定语从句的种类以及区别
1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切(删去后,影响整个句子意义的表达)
和先行词的关系不密切(是一种补充说明,删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达)
不用逗号分开
一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导
不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略(that,who,which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略)
不可以省略
可以替代(whom作宾语时,可用who或that替代)
不能替代
只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分
修饰整个主句或主句的一部分,此时定语从句前有逗号分开,只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义:
限制性:
她有两个当解放军的儿子。
ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.
(MaybeshehasothersonswhoarenotP.L.A.men.)
非限制性:
她有两个儿子,他们都是解放军。
Shehastwosons,whoareP.L.A.men.
(Shehasonlytwosons.TheyarebothP.L.A.men.)
体会下列非限制性定语从句
YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobebusy.
昨天我遇到了李平,他看起来很忙。
Wewillputoffthemeetinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.
★as引导的定语从句
①as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句,并在从句中作宾语,表语和状语,构成thesame…as,such…as等结构。
Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as作宾语)
Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.(as作状语)
Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.(as作宾语)
②as引导非限制性定语从句,as在定语从句作主语,宾语,表语,这个定语从句说明整个句子,或句子部分内容,可放于句首。
Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.
Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.
asissaidabove,asisknowntoall,asweallknow,as(it)oftenhappens,ashasbeensaidbefore,aswasexpected
★关系代词which,as区别:
which不放于句首,as可以,在句中as有“正如,正像”的意思,which没有.
★theway作先行词表“方式”时,关系词可以用inwhich/that,也可以省略。
Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)yousaytoyourmother.
四、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致的问题
1.oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。
TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.《泰坦尼克号》是在好莱坞拍的最好的电影之一