北京市最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题含答案文档格式.docx

北京市最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题含答案文档格式.docx

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schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.

Huawei'

sboomingsalesshowhowmajorpartsofitsbusinesscontinuetoincreaseevenastheUnitedStatestriestopersuadeothercountriestoshutHuaweiproductsoutof5Gwirelessnetworksandpursues（追究）criminalchargesagainstit.ThecompanyexpectstoovertakeSamsungastheworld'

sbiggestsmartphonemakerbynextyear.

Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple（AAPL）,accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'

ssalesplungedalmost20%.

ssuccessinChina,theworld'

slargestsmartphonemarket,ismorethanaboutgeopolitics（地缘政治）.Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-end-phonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.Andbyofferingaselectionofcheaperphones,Huaweiisabletotargetabiggermarket.

ItalsobenefitedfromthetroublesthisyearatZTE（ZTCOF）,arivalChinesesmartphoneandtelecommunicationsequipmentmaker.ZTEwasbannedbytheUSgovernmentfrombuyingvitalAmericanpartsformonthslastyear.

（1）WhydidHuawei'

sChinasalesincreasegreatlyaccordingtothearticle?

A. 

Becausethecompany'

sdevicesarealwayspopularworldwide.

B. 

BecauseChineseconsumers'

patriotismwasaroused.

C. 

BecausethegovernmentencouragespeopletobuyHuaweidevices.

D. 

Becausethecountry'

soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingbigger.

（2）Whatcanweconcludefromthethirdparagraph?

schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadaduetotheUS'

srequest.

AllChinesecompaniesshowedtheirsupporttoHuaweiwiththeirpurchase.

JusyHongthoughttheUnitedStatesarrestedHuawei'

schieffinancialofficer.

JusyHongthoughtthearrestofHuawei'

schieffinancialofficerisunfair.

（3）Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraph?

increasedgreatlyby. 

reducedgreatlyto.

droppedgreatlyby. 

remainedsteady.

（4）WhyisHuawei'

ssuccessinChinamorethanaboutgeopolitics?

BecauseHuaweihasthelargestsmartphonemarketintheworld.

BecauseHuawei'

ssuccessisonlylimitedwithinChinamainland.

BecauseHuaweihastheabilitytotargetabiggermarketintheworld.

BecauseChineseconsumersarequitesatisfiedwithHuaweismartphones.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华为公司在手机市场日益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"

ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism（爱国主义）inChineseconsumers,"

可知中国消费者的爱国主义被唤起，华为在中国的销售量大增。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'

schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.”可知华为的首席财务官因美国的要求在加拿大被捕。

故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文可知华为手机销量大增而苹果手机销量大跌，故推测此处“plunged”意为销量下降。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.”可知中国消费者对华为的智能手机很满意。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy（仿真的）satellite,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.

Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:

junkinspace.

Millionsofpiecesofjunkareturningaroundinorbittheresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancausecriticaldamage.

Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.

TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.'

sSurreySpaceCenterandincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFrance'

sArianeGroup.

GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCenter,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.

TheRemoveDEBRISsatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.

JonathanMcDowell,anastrophysicistattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek'

sexperimentwasexciting,buthecautionedagainst"

over-publicizing"

it.

Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderway,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.

Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEBRISproject,said"

Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks."

AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.

（1）WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite?

Demonstratingspacetechnology. 

Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.

Collectingwastesexistinginspace. 

Symbolizinggreatprogressinspace.

（2）HowdoestheRemoveDEBRlSsatellitework?

Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbit.

Byfasteningittothemainsatellitetightly.

Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.

Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"

sponsor"

inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

Accomplish. 

Support. 

Oppose. 

Provide.

（4）What'

sthebesttitleforthetext?

TheRemoveDEBRISProjectIsPerfect

HowRemoveDEBRISIsInventedintheLab

WhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIsInvented

SatelliteCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime

【答案】

（1）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。

”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网，模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。

根据第一段中“...,imitatingatechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.”模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。

可知，theRemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第六段中的“...,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.“该公司表示，一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。

它可以瞄准大块的垃圾，包括长达10米的报废卫星。

”可知，RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。

故选A。

根据最后一段中的”AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.“Aglietti说，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次，目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。

可知，“挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。

”可知，划线词的意思是“支持”。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的”Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:

junkinspace.“专家告诉CNN，本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。

它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。

可知，本文主题是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾”。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Itseemseverymajorcityandtownaroundtheworldhostsanannualmarathon,withthousandsofathletesrunningagruelling42.1kilometres.Whilemanyrunners'

motivationistobeattheirpersonalbestandcrossthefinishinglinewithoutcollapsing,they'

realsodoingitforagoodcause—togeneratefundsforcharity.Butlikeothermajorevents,themarathonalsogeneratesamassivecarbonfootprint.Thousandstravel—somebyplane—tothelocation,andwastefromfoodpackagingandgoodybagsgetsleftbehindbyspectatorsandrunners.Thisisbecomingabigissueforcities—howtohostaworthwhileevent,encouragingpeopletoexerciseandhelpcharities,whileprotectingtheenvironment?

Severalcitieshavedevelopedformalplanstoreducetheirenvironmentalimpactandpromotesustainable（可持续的）ideas.OneeventinWales,forexample,introducedrecyclingforoldrunningkit.

It'

ssomethingthatthisyear'

sLondonMarathontriedtotacklebyreducingthenumberofdrinkstationsontherunningroute,givingoutwaterinpapercupsandofferingsomedrinksineatableseaweedcapsules.Theyalsotriallednewbottlebeltsmadefromrecycledplasticso700runnerscouldcarrywaterbottleswiththemduringtheirrun.LondonMarathoneventdirectorHughBrasnertoldtheBBC:

"

Therearealotofinitiatives（倡议）weareusingthisyearthatwethinkwillleadtosomehugebehaviouralchangesin