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thenumberoftollboothsthatminimizesaveragedelayexperiencedbycars.
例2:
Abrand-newuniversityneedstobalancethecostofinformationtechnologysecuritymeasureswiththepotentialcostofattacksonitssystems.
例3:
Wedeterminethenumberofsprinklerstousebyanalyzingtheenergyandmotionofwaterinthepipeandexaminingtheengineeringparametersofsprinklersavailableinthemarket.
例4:
Aftermathematicallyanalyzingthe……problem,ourmodelinggroupwouldliketopresentourconclusions,strategies,(andrecommendations)tothe…….
例5:
Ourgoalis...that(minimizesthetime)……….
2.解决这个问题的伟大意义
反面说明。
如果没有……
Withoutimplementingdefensivemeasure,theuniversityisexposedtoanexpectedlossof$8.9millionperyear.
3.总的解决概述
a.通过什么方法解决什么问题
例:
WeaddresstheproblemofoptimizingamusementparkenjoymentthroughdistributingQuickPasses(QP),reservationslipsthatideallyallowanindividualtospendlesstimewaitinginline.
b.实际问题转化为数学模型
例1Weformulatetheproblemasanetworkflowinwhichverticesarethelocationsofescortsandwheelchairpassengers.
例2:
Anaï
vestrategywouldbetoemploytheminimumnumberofescortstoguaranteethatallpassengersreachtheirgatesontime.
c.将问题分阶段考虑
Wedividethejumpintothreephases:
flyingthroughtheair,punchingthroughthestack,andlandingontheground.
第二、三段:
具体分析
1.在什么模型中/建立了什么模型
a.主流模型
例1:
Weformulateadifferentialmodeltoaccountfortheratesofchangeoftheseuses,andhowthischangewouldaffecttheoverallconsumptionofwaterwithinthestudiedregion.
Weexaminedthemathematicaleffectsof…….Wedevelopedadetailed……(simulationmethodology)totestourideasandtoquantifythedifferencesbetween(among)different……(strategies).
Basedon(writeyourbasis.suchasthetheoryofsupplyanddemand),weestablishamodel(suchasdifferentialequationsystemthatincludesdemand,supply).
例4:
To(writetheaims),weestablishacriterion(writethecriterion).
b.模型非主流
Webuildamodeltodeterminehowtolayoutthepipeeachtimetheequipmentismoved.
例6:
Wedetermine…………
例7:
Webuildamodeltodetermine……….
例8:
Weformulateamodelfor………Byanalyzing…andexamining…..
2.分析模型(使用什么数据,怎么做,一般三句话)
a.写历史数据
UsinghistoricaldatafromtheUnitedStates,wedetermineinitialconditionsforourmodel.
b.写计算机模拟
thismodelleadstoacomputersimulationofcatch-cantestsoftheirrigationsystemand……
Softwarepackingreaches………bycalculatingandcomparing………..
c.运用数据模拟
togroundthismodelinreality,weincorporateextensivedemographicdataandrun……
例2:
Wefitthemodifiedmodeltodata(suchas1970-2003.).Weconcludethat(writethelastconclude).
d.讲详细分析
Wephysicallycharacterizethesystemthat…
Weprovideastrategy(writethelogicalstrategy).
The…modelis(efficient,intuitive,andflexible)andcouldbeappliedto…
Tomeettheneedsofpeopletodaywithout,weestablishacriterionofrational(合理的标准)oil
allocation(分配).
3.总结该模型的结果/得到什么结论
a.说明不是最优但能产生作用
例:
Weshowthatthisstrategyisnotoptimalbutcanbeimprovedbyassigningdifferentnumbers……
b.说明如果用这个模型,结果如何
IfDeltaAirlinesweretoutilizethenaï
vestrategyatAtlantaInternationalAirport,thecostwouldbe……
Wemodifythemodeltoreflect(sometrendsuchasexponentiallyincreasing……)andgeneralizethemodelto(otherfield).
OurresultsaresummarizedintheformulafortheoptimalnumberBoftollboothsfor
c.通过其上情况的列举得到的结论
Forvarioussituations,weproposeanoptimalsolution.
d.得出了结论
weelicitthataconclusion.
Weconcludewithaseriesofrecommendationsforhowbestto…
e.进一步说明其他因素对模型的影响
Inadditiontothemodel,wealsodiscusspoliciesfor…..
f.用真实数据检验模型
例:
Todemonstratehowourmodelworks,weapplyitto………..
最后一段:
写总的结论
a.说明结论的可行性
Oursuggestedsolution,whichiseasytoimplement,includesadetailedtimetableandthearrangementofpipes.
b.说明算法的广泛性
Ouralgorithmisbroadenoughtoaccommodatevariousairportconcourses,flightschedules,andflightdelays.
Ouranalysisbeganbydeterminingwhatfactorimpact……,Ourconclusionsarepresented……
c.说明模型可用于其他领域
Sinceourmodelisbasedon……itcanbeappliedto(otherdomain).
其他(承上启下的连接词/常用词组)
Inadditiontothemodel,wealsodiscuss……
引言部分
(1)回顾研究背景,常用词汇有review,summarize,present,outline,describe等
(2)说明写作目的,常用词汇有purpose,attempt,aim等,另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达
(3)介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围,常用词汇有study,present,include,focus,emphasize,emphasis,attention等
方法部分
(1)介绍研究或试验过程,常用词汇有teststudy,investigate,examine,experiment,discuss,consider,analyze,analysis等
(2)说明研究或试验方法,常用词汇有measure,estimate,calculate等
(3)介绍应用、用途,常用词汇有等
结果部分
(1)展示研究结果,常用词汇有show,result,present等
(2)介绍结论,常用词汇有summary,introduce,conclude等
讨论部分
(1)陈述论文的论点和作者的观点,常用词汇有suggest,repot,present,expect,describe等
(2)说明论证,常用词汇有等support,provide,indicate,identify,find,demonstrate,confirm,clarify
(3)推荐和建议,常用词汇有suggest,suggestion,recommend,recommendation,propose,necessity,necessary,expect等。
摘要中常用的词语汇:
critical至关重要的
algorithm运算法则
a
methodofevaluating评价方法
appropriate近似的
consider考虑
configurations布局
optimal统一的
maximize使…最大化
strategy策略
parameter参数,主要的决定因素
accuracy精确性
strengthsandweaknesses优点和缺点
contact相关的
contract建立,构造
calculate计算
establish建立
formula公式
modify改进
rational合理的
countermeasure对策
criterion标准,准则
Assumptions
引出:
Wemakethefollowingassumptionsabout……processinthispaper.
1.a.
不考虑因素
Wedonottakeintoaccountinteractionsbetweenfactors.
Theinfluenceof…canbeneglected
…is“ideal”in…,…canbeneglected.
1.b.
为了简化模型,之后反驳不正确,但是合理。
例1:
Infact(inreality)factorseffecteachothers,butinordertosimplifythemodel,weignoretheinteractionsbetweenfactors.
例2:
Infactinrealityfactorseffecteachothers,butinordertosimplifythemodel,weignoretheinteractionsbetweenfactors.
c.近似
……canbeapproximatedasalinerfunctionof….
…areassumedtobethesame.Inpractice,thereisaslightdifference.
d.细致考虑(可附原因)
Anairportconsistsof1to10concourses,eachofwithconsistsof2to50gates.Gatesinthesameconcoursearegenerallylocatedclosetooneanother,whilethetraveltimebetweenconcoursescanbequitelengthy.Hence,weassumethatinter-concoursetravelismuchlengthierthanintra-concoursetravel.
Aaveragefastwalkingspeedis250ft/min(3mph),butaveragespeedwhenarmsareimmobilized(aswhenpushingawheelchair)isonly180ft/min(2mph)[GrossandShi2001].Weassumethatanescortwalksatthesespeeds.
Anescortcanoperateonlyonewheelchairatatime.U.S.Dept.oftransportationguidelinesdiscouragesleavingWPsunattended.Hence,theescorttakesaWPtotheconnectingflightandremainsuntiltheflightleaves.
e.直接定义(假设):
Tomeasurethe……,wedefine……
Yearlyindustrystatisticscanbeusedvalid.
Sthmayberepresentedby
….areindependentandrandomlydistributed
总结:
Additionalassumptionsaremadetosimplifyanalysisforindividualsections.Theseassumptionswillbediscussedattheappropriatelocations.
figure
引用的文献数据所画的图:
1、分阶段图的引入:
Firstwestudythe……(文献),showing……underthesituation.
分阶段图的引出:
Thecompressionprocessisdividedintothree(数字)phases,asshowninthefigure:
Thefirstphase:
……deformation,accordingto……;
thesecondphase:
……deformation.Thecompressiongrowsmoreslowlyandreachesthemaximum.Thethirdphase:
……deformation:
Aftercompressionreachesthemaximum,therateofdeformationstartstofall.Theunrecoverabledeformationgoesonincreasing.(2003—65)
2、引用已有的模型图:
Amodelofflowrateforinstanttotalfailureisrighttriangular【U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers1997】.(seeFigure1)(2005—53\54)
3、通过历史数据作图:
WevalidateourmodelbyexamininghistoricalHIVratesfromprenatalclinicsinSouthAfricabetween1995and2005(Figure1).(2006—244)
4、拟合的图形:
Figure1showsthenumberofbagsstillleftfortheEDStoprocessatairportAaftereachminuteinairportB,theresultsaresimilar.(2003—260)
自己根据计算所画的图:
1、为了…….(目的),我们作了…….图。
Todemonstratebetterthechangeinflowratewithtimewhenthebreachbeginstform,weplotoverashorterrangeoftimeinFigure5.(2005—55)
Weplotforvaluesoffrom6to13,instepsof0.25,togetherwiththebest-fitquartic,