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Densityorviscositychanges
流体密度/粘度变化
Defectivepumps泵缺陷
Inadvertentlythrottledvalve
偶然截流的阀门
Incorrectvalvesizing
错误的阀门尺寸
Wronglineup
Surging喘振
Noflow
无流量
Blockvalveclosed
截止阀关闭
Slipblindinstalled
安装盲板
Incorrectlyinstalledcheckvalve
止回阀安装错误
Equipmentfailure(control
valve,isolationvalve,pump,
vessel,instrumentation,etc.)
设备故障(调节阀,隔离阀,泵,容器,仪表等)
Isolationinerror误隔离
Powerfailure停电
Pluggedline管线堵塞
Incorrectpressuredifferential不正确的压差Controlvalvefailsclosed
调节阀故障关
Reverseflow
逆流
Malfunctioning,omitted,wrong
typeofcheckvalves(notethat
checkvalvesarenotusually
bubbletightorpositiveshutoff
devices)止回阀故障或未安装(注意止回阀一般不是气密或正压截断装置)
Siphoneffect
虹吸效应
Incorrectdifferentialpressure
不正确的压差
Twowayflow
双向流
Emergencyventing
紧急放空
Wronglineupormisdirected
Flow
管线错误连接
Inlinespareequipment
Connectionstoutilities(water,
N2,flushsystems,etc
在线备用设备
公用工程连接(水,氮气,冲洗设施等)
Misdirectedflow
错流
Valveopeninerrororpassingallowingmaterialtoberoutedtoanunintendedlocation
阀错误的打开或者流过错误的路径
Highpressure
高压力
Designpressures
Specificationofpipes,vessels,fittings,andinstruments
设计压力-管道容器管体和仪表的规格
Pressurerangeforabnormal
Operations
不正常操作时的压力范围
Leakagefrominterconnectedhighpressuresystem(HPto
LPinterface)
相互连接系统的高压系统泄漏(高压到低压系统)
Inadequateordefective
isolationproceduresforreliefvalves泄压阀隔离措施不够或不当
Thermaloverpressure
热过压
Positivedisplacementpumps容积泵
Controlvalvesfailed(closedoropen)
调节阀故障(关闭或打开)
Increasedcentrifugalpumpsuctionpressure-startupofpump)离心泵压力增高(泵开车)
Gasbreakthrough(inadequateventing)
气体溢出(放空不足)
Failureofejector/eductor
System
排出/喷射设施故障
Morereaction
反应过量
Pluggedpressuretap
测压孔堵塞
Obstructedrelief
泄放堵塞
Pressuretesting
压力测试
Excessiveheating
过多的加热
Exchangertubeleak
换热器管程泄漏
Surgeproblems
喘振问题
Lowpressure/vacuum
压力低/真空
Cooling冷却
Condensation冷凝
Gasdissolvinginliquid
气体溶于液体
Undetectedleakage
未发现的泄漏点
Restrictedpump/Compressorsuctionline
泵/压缩机入口管线不畅通
Vesseldrainageprocedure容器排放程序
Blockageofblanketgas
保护气体堵塞
Failureofvacuumrelief
真空释放失败
InadequateNPSH
不充足的汽蚀余量
High
Temperature
高温增大
Firesituation火灾
Ambientconditions
环境温度
Fouledorfailedexchanger
Tubes换热器管程堵塞或失效
Coolingwaterfailure
冷却水故障
Aircoolermalfunction
空冷器故障
Defectivecontrol
控制失效
Heatercontrolfailure
加热器控制故障
Internalfires内部火灾
Reactioncontrolfailures反应控制故障
Heatingmediumleakinto
Process热媒介泄露到工艺侧
Heattracing伴热
Regeneration再生Abnormaloperations错误的操作
Decoking清焦
Heatsofreaction反应放热
Mixing,reactorhotspots,
decomposition,orrunaway
reaction,absorption,or
solution.混合,反应热,分解,反应失控,吸附,溶解
Burnprotection燃烧保护措施
Low
低温
Coldweatheroperations天冷时操作
环境条件
Reducingpressure
压力下降
Tubes换热器管程堵塞或故障
Lossofheating热量损失
Depressuringliquefiedgas液化气降压
Joule/Thompsoneffect
焦耳/汤普逊效应
Endothermicreaction
吸热反应
Controlfailure
Highlevel
液位高
Outletisolatedorblocked
出口关闭或堵塞
Inflowgreaterthanoutflow
流入大于流出
控制故障
Deactivatedlevelalarm
未动作的液位报警
Fillingoperations
装填操作
Liquidinvapourlines
气体管线有液体
Vesseloverflow
容器溢流
Inadequatetimetorespond
响应时间不足
Interfacelevelcontrol
界面计控制
Phaseinversion相变
Slugflow湍流
Faultylevelmeasurement
液位计量不准确
Incorrectcalibration
校准不正确
Lowlevel/
nolevel
低液位/无液位
Inletflowstops
流入停止
Drainvalveleftopen排水阀打开
Outflowgreaterthaninflow流出大于流入
Gasinliquidlines
气体进入液体管线
Controlvalvemalfunction控制阀故障
Twophaseflow两相流Leak泄漏
Pluggedinstrumenttaps
仪表接头堵塞
Inadequateresidencetime停留时间不足
Inadequatemixing,不充分的混合
excessive
Heating过热
Wrong
Percentage
不正确百分比
Humanerror
人为错误
Malfunctionofcontrolvalves
调节阀故障
管线限制
过滤器结垢
Defectivepumps
泵缺陷
容器,管线或孔板结垢
Contamination/
Composition
污染/组分
Leakingvalves
阀门泄漏
Leakingexchangertubes
Changestofeedstock
进料变化
Streamcomposition
流体组分
Streamcontaminants
流体污染
Inadequatequalitycontrol
质量控制不充分
ProcesscontrolupsetreactionintermediatesByproducts
工艺波动的反应中间体/
副产品
Impropermixing
不适当的混合
Ingressofair,water,orrust
空气,水或者铁锈的侵入
Identifynitrogeninterfacesto
Process
氮气界面
Inadvertentmixing
疏忽的混合
Explosivemixtures
爆炸性的混合
Interconnectedsystems
(especiallyservices,blanketsystems
相互联通的系统(尤其是辅助/保护系统)
Wrongadditivesorcatalysts
误用添加剂或催化剂
Catalystpoisons
催化剂中毒
Preparationforshutdownand
startupoperations
开/停车准备工作
Solventflushing
溶剂冲洗
Phaseinversion
相变
Sphererollover
Towertraydamage
塔板损坏
Wrongmaterial
错误的物料
进料改变
Relief泄压
Designbasisforrelief:
howisoverpressureprotectionprovided
泄压设计基础?
超压时提供什么保护,
Reliefforprocess
(normal/abnormal-fire,
startup/shutdownconditions)
工艺泄放法(正常/非正常-火灾,开停车条件下?
)
Changesaffectingrelieving
requirements(insulation
removal,CVchange,new
connections,etc.)
变更影响泄放需求(隔离拆除,CV(热值)变化,新连接等等)
Backpressureonreliefvalvevdesign泄压阀设计备压?
EffectofdebottleneckonreliefCapability
泄压能力要求的消除瓶颈效应
Instrumentation/SIStoreducereliefload
仪表/SIS减少卸载负荷?
Typeofreliefdeviceand
Reliability
卸放装置类型及可靠性
Atmosphericreliefvalves
(dischargelocation,plumepath,dispersionmodelling,risk
associatedwithdischarge
大气泄放阀(排放位置,路径,扩散模型,相关排放风险)
Whatisthecontrolling
scenario?
控制设定?
Reliefcomposition(e.g.,two
phaseflow)泄放组分(例如,两相流)
Maximumliquidratevs.designcapacity
最大流量和设计量的对比
Towerliquidoverfill
塔液体溢出
Reliefforreactivechemicals
会有化学反应的物料泄放
Materialsofconstruction
材质
Heattracing/temperatureofrupturedisks
伴热/防爆膜温度
RVsetpressurevs.MAWP
泄放阀设定压力/最大允许工作压力
Pathforreliefprotectionandcanitbeimpaired?
泄放保护路径,可以削弱吗?
Blockedpath/reliefvalves
路径/泄放阀堵塞
Restrictedinlet/outletlines
进出口管径限制
Plugging/buildupinrelief
system(hydrates,ice,weepholesplugged,liquidbuildup,
lossofheattracing,etc.)
泄放系统堵塞/累积结块(水化合物,冰,掉落塞住孔,液体积聚损失伴热等)
Failureofadministrative
Controls
行政管理控制失败
Preventivemaintenance:
inspection/testingresults
预防性维护:
巡检/年检结果
Isolationphilosophy
隔离原则
Isasparereliefvalveneededtoachievethetestinginterval?
是否需要备用泄放阀以供年检
Locationofreliefdevice
泄放设施的位置
Other其它
Environmentalimplications环境影响
Frequencyofreliefvalveuse
泄放阀使用频率
Reliefdeviceexposedtoabnormaloperating
temperatureorpressure
泄压装置未置于操作温度/压力条件下
Nearmissincidents幸免的事故
StressonRVinlet/outletpiping泄压阀进出口管线的应力
Vibrationofpiping/headers管道/总管的震动
RupturedisksunderRVs-Is
pressurebetweenRVandrupturediskcheckedtoidentifyrupturediskleakage?
泄压阀下的爆破膜-设定压力是否识别爆破膜的泄漏量
Rupture/leak
破裂/泄漏
Hazards
危险性
Toxicgas有毒气体
Fire/explosionpotential
火灾/爆炸隐患
Highpressure高压
Temperature温度
Localvs.offsiteimpact
当地/场地外影响
PotentialRMPworstcaseoralternatereleasescenario最恶劣的RMP工况或替代排放条件
-impactonoccupiedbuildings/nearbytrailers
所有建筑物/附近设施的影响
-impactonpersonnel/community/environment/surroundings
(majoraccidentriskpotential)对人员/社会/环境的影响(最大潜在的事故风险)
Detection监测
Methods方法
Fireandgasdetectors/alarms火灾气体监测报警仪
Visibility能见度
Odourthresholds气味遏制
Timerequired所需时间
Videomonitors录像监控
Routinechecks常规检查
Mitigation缓解
Methodsavailable可使用方法
Isolationpoints隔离点
Durationofleak
泄漏的持续时间
Containmentmethods遏制方法
Emergencyoperationsinspillarea外溢区域应急操作
Procedures/training
程序/培训
Inventoryreduction
降低库存
Emergencyshutdown
紧急停车
Arrangements安排
Protectivesystems保护系统
Turretcoverage消防水龙覆盖范围
Firecrewavailability/response
time消防员配置响应时间
Delugesystem集水系统
Firefightingstrategy消防方案
Requiredresponse响应方式
Alarms报警
Evacuationprocedures
疏散程序
Emergencyshowers/eyewash
Stations紧急淋浴器/洗眼器
LocationofSCBA自成一体的呼吸装置
Emergencytraining应急培训
Prevention:
Seeequipmentintegrityforrootcauseelimination
预防:
消除根本原因
Instrumentation
仪表
CriticalInstrumentation
关键仪表
NeedforSISSIS需求
SILSIL等级
Controlstrategy控制方案
Locationofinstruments仪表位置
Lackofinstrumentation仪表短缺
Information/alarmoverload信息/报警过载
Instrumentresponsetime响应时间
Timeavailableforoperatorintervention操作员干预时间
Setpointsofalarmsandtrips报警联锁设定点
Alarmandtriptesting报警联锁测试
SIScomponenttesting
SIS系统测试
Frequencies频率
Confusingalarms扰乱的报警
Fireprotection火灾保护
Panelarrangementand
Location
仪表盘位置及布置
Auto/manualfacilityand
humanerror自动/手动装置及人为因素
Sampledevices取样装置
Failuremodeoftransmitter
变送器故障模式
Defeatedalarms未动作的报警
Failuremodeofcontrolvalveorfinalcontrolelement控制或最终控制元件的故障模式
Outofrangefailuremodevs.rangeofpossibleconditions
超标输入的模式/操作条件可能的范围
Lackofdocumentation
记录缺失
Computercontrol计算机控制
MechanicalandPLCinterlocks机械/plc联锁
PLCfailuremodean