英语六级阅读专项训练Word格式文档下载.docx

英语六级阅读专项训练Word格式文档下载.docx

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andexpressesmoredoubts.Littleboysuseconversationtoestablishstatuswiththeirlisteners.

　　Thesedifferencescontinueintoadultlife,shesays.Inpublicconversations,mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmore.Inprivateconversations,menandwomenspeakinequalamounts—althoughtheysaythingsinadifferentstyle.ProfessorTannenbelievesthat,forwoman,privatetalkingisawaytoestablishandtestintimacy.Formen,privatetalkingisawaytoexplorethepowerstructureofarelationship.

　　Teachingisonejobwherethedifferencesbetweenmen'

sandwomen'

swaysoftalkingshow.Whenamanteachesawoman,saysProfessorTannen,hewantstoshowthathehasmoreknowledge,andhencemorepowerinconversation.Whenawomanteachesanotherwoman,however,sheismorelikelytotakeasharingapproachandtoencourageherstudenttojoinin.

　　ButProfessorTannendoesnotbelievethatwomenarenaturallymorehelpful.Shesayswomenfeeltheyachievepowerbybeingabletohelpothers.Althoughtheresearchsuggestsmentalkandinterruptpeoplemorethanwomen,ProfessorTannensays,womenactuallyencouragethistohappenbecausetheybelieveitwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationship.

　　Somescientistswhoarestudyingspeechthinkthatthebrainispre¬

programmedforlanguage.Asweareusuallytaughttospeakbywomen,itseemslikelythatthebrainmusthaveasexualbias（倾向性）initsprogramming,

　　otherwisemalespeechpatternswouldnotariseatall.

　　1.Intheopinionofthewriter,womenencouragementotalkbecause

　　A.itwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationship

　　B.itwillhelptoestablishstatuswiththeirlisteners

　　C.itwillhelptoexpressmoreclearly

　　D.itwillhelptocommunicatebetter

　　2.Thereare_______inlittlegirls'

conversationthaninboys'

.

　　A.fewerdoubtsB.moredemands

　　C.moredoubtsD.feweruncertainties

　　3.Somescientistsbelievethatbrainispre-programmedforlanguage.Theword"

preprogrammed"

means_______.

　　A.programmedalreadyB.programmedbeforeoneisborn

　　C.programmedearlyD.programmedbywomen

　　4.Inprivateconversation,womenspeak

　　A.thesamethingsasmenB.lessthanmen

　　C.morethanmenD.asmuchasmen

　　5.Thethemeofthisarticleis_______.

　　A.womenarenaturallymorehelpful

　　B.menandwomentalkdifferentlanguages

　　C.mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmore

　　D.littlegirls'

conversationislessdefinite

答案：

1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B

（2）

Inthelasttwohundredyearstherehavebeengreatchangesinthemethodofproductionofgoods.Thisisnowalsotrueofthebuildingindustry;

formechanizationhasbeenintroduced.Systembuildingcansavebothtimeandmoney.Theprincipleofsystembuildingisthatthebuildingismadefromasetofstandardunits.Theseareeithermadeatthebuilding-siteoratafactory.Somedesigners,infact,arestandardizingthedimensionsofrooms.Theyaremadeinmultiplesofasinglefixedlength,usuallytencentimeters.Thisiscalledamodular（标准件的）system,anditmeansthatmanufacturescanproducestandardizedfittingsatalowercost.Themostimportantfactaboutsystembuildingisitsspeed.Aten-storeyflat,forexample,canbecompletedinfourmonths.

　　Thereareseveralnewmethodsofsystembuilding.Oneisthepanelmethod.Inthiscase,theconstructioncompanysometimeserectsafactoryonthesite.Thewallsandfloorsofthebuilding,calledpanels,arecastinahorizontalorverticalposition.Conduitsforelectricalwiresandsleevesforpipesarecastinthepanelswhentheyarebeingmade.Themouldsformakingthesecastingsaresituatedallaroundthebuilding.

　　Aftertheconcretepanelsarecast,theyareallowedtosetandhardenforaweek.Nexttheyareliftedbyatowercraneontoanysectionofthebuilding.Therethepanelsarecementedtogetherattheirjointsandthefloorcoveringislaid.

　　Afterthepanelshavebeencementedtogether,thecraneliftsacaseintothearea.Itcontainsallthefittingstobeinstalled,suchaswash-basins,radiatorsandpipes.Finishingtradesmen,suchasplumbers,plasterers,paintersandelectricians,followbehindtocompletethework.

　　Insomebuildingdevelopments,insomecountries,wholeflatswithinternalfeaturesliketheirbathrooms,bedroomsandconnectingstairs,andweighingasmuchastwentytons,arecarriedtothebuilding-siteready-made.Agiantoverheadcraneisusedtoliftthemintoposition.Inthefuture,thismethodmaybecomemorewidespread.

　　1.Themaindifferencebetweenpanelmethodandthemethoddiscussedinthelastparagraphis_______.

　　A.thelatterusesready-madeinternalfeatures

　　B.panelsarecastinalevelposition

　　C.theformerisusedtobuildwallsandfloorswhilethelattertoconstructbathroomsorbedrooms

　　D.theformerismoreexpensivethanthelatter

　　2.WhichofthesestatementsisTRUEofsystembuilding?

　　A.Itemploysmoremen.B.Itisdifficultanddangerous.

　　C.Itcansavebothtimeandmoney.D.Itmeanslessmechanization.

　　3.Accordingtothepassage,theprincipleofsystembuildingisthat_______.

　　A.constructionmethodsaresafer

　　B.buildingsaremadefromasetofstandardizedunits

　　C.similarbuildingscanbeproduced

　　D.allunitsareproducedonthesite

　　4.Theusualfixedlengthinthemodularsystemis_______.

　　A.twentycentimetersB.tenmillimeters

　　C.fiftycentimetersD.tencentimeters

　　5.Whatliftstheconcretepanelsontothebuilding?

　　A.Cranes.B.Man-power.

　　C.Pulleys.D.Hydraulicjacks.

1.A2.C3.B4.D5.A

（3）

　Etiquette（礼仪）

　　Theoriginsofetiquette—theconventionalrulesofbehaviorandceremoniesobservedinpolitesociety—arecomplex.Oneofthemisrespectforauthority.Fromthemostprimitivetimes,subjects（臣民）showedrespectfortheirrulerbybowing,prostratingthemselvesontheground,notspeakinguntilspokento,andneverturningtheirbackstothethrone.Somerulersdevelopedrulestostressevenfurthertherespectduetothem.TheemperorsofByzantiumexpectedtheirsubjectstokisstheirfeet.Whenanambassadorfromabroadwasintroduced,hehadtotouchthegroundbeforethethronewithhisforehead.Meanwhilethethroneitselfwasraisedintheairsothat,onlookingup,theambassadorsawtherulerfarabovehim,haughtyandremote.

　　Absoluterulershave,asarule,madeetiquettemorecomplicatedratherthansimpler.Thepurposeisnotonlytomaketherulerseemalmostgodlike,butalsotoprotecthimfromfamiliarity,forwithoutsomesuchprotectionhislife,livedinevitablyinthepubliceye,wouldbeintolerable.ThecourtofLouisXIVofFranceprovidedanexcellentexampleofaveryhighlydevelopedsystemofetiquette.BecausethekingandhisfamilywereconsideredtobelongtoFrance,theywerealmostcontinuallyonshowamongtheircourtiers（朝臣）.Theywoke,prayed,washedanddressedbeforecrowdsofcourtiers.Evenlargecrowdswatchedthemeattheirmeals,andaccesstotheirpalacewasfreetoalltheirsubjects.

　　Yetthispubliclifewasorganizedsocarefully,withsucharefinementofceremonial,thattheauthorityoftheKingandtherespectinwhichhewasheldgrewsteadilythroughouthislifetime.Acrowdwatchedhimdress,butonlytheDukewhowashisfirstvaletdechamber（贴身男仆）wasallowedtoholdouttherightsleeveofhisshirt,onlythePrincewhowashisGrandChamberlaincouldrelievehimofhisdressinggown,andonlytheMasteroftheWardrobemighthelphimpulluphistrousers.Thesewerenotfamiliarities,normerelyduties,buthighlydesiredprivileges.Napoleonrecognizedthevalueofceremonytoaruler.WhenhebecameEmperor,hediscardedtherevolutionarycustomofcallingeveryone"

citizen"

restoredmuchoftheCourtceremonialthattheRevolutionhaddestroyed,andrecalledmembersofthenobilitytoinstructhisnewcourtintheoldformalmanners.

　　Rulesofetiquettemaypreventembarrassmentandevenseriousdisputes.Thegeneralruleofsocialprecedenceisthatpeopleofgreaterimportanceprecedethoseoflesserimportance.Beforetherulesofdiplomaticprecedencewereworkedoutintheearlysixteenthcentury,rivalambassadorsoftenfoughtforthemosthonourableseatingpositionataceremony.Beforetheprinciplewasestablishedthatambassadorsofvariouscountriesshouldsigntreatiesinorderofseniority,disputesaroseastowhoshouldsignfirst.Theestablishmentofrulesforsuchmatterspreventeduncertaintyanddisagreement,astorulesforlessimportantoccasions.Forexample,atanEnglishwedding,themotherofthebridegroomshouldsitinthefirstpeworbenchontheright-handsideofthechurch.Theresultisdignityandorder.

　　Outsidepalacecircles,themainconcernofetiquettehasbeentomakeharmoniousthebehaviourofequals,butsometimessocialclasseshaveusedetiquetteasaweaponagainstintruders,refiningtheirmannersinordertomarkthemselvesofffromthelowerclasses.

　　Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,decreasingprosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamiliestotrytopreservetheirsuperioritybywithdrawingfromthelowerandmiddleclassesbehindbarriersofetiquette.Inaprosperouscommunity,ontheotherhand,politesocietysoonabsorbsthenewlyri