英语语言学试题库Word格式.docx

英语语言学试题库Word格式.docx

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4.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,（）andkinterm.

Atitle+firstnameBtitle+title

CtitlealoneDfirstname+lastname+title

C

5.Featuresofthelanguageinfictionsare:

（）

AstressandmetricalpatterningBspeechandthoughtpresentation

CprosestyleDanalysisofthetext

BC

6.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?

ALanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation

BLanguageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings

CChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage

DHumansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse

A

7.Wordscanbeidentifiedintermsof（）

AaminimumfreeformBstability

CrelativeuninterruptibilityDvariableornot

ABC

8.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?

AarbitrarinessBduality

CcreativityDreplacement

D

9.Approacherstosyntaxcanbe:

AthetraditionalapproachBthestructuralapproach

CthefunctionalapproachDthegenerativeapproach

ABCD

10.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze（）meaning.

AphonemeBwordCphraseDsentence

11.Lexicalchangecannotbearesultof（）

AphonologicalchangeBsemanticchange

CanalogicalchangeDorthographicchange

C

12.Thewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalled（）

AboundmorphemesBrootsCfreemorphemesDaffixes

13.（）isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.

APsycholinguisticsBSociolinguisticsCLinguisticsDSemantics

14.Whichbelongstothemainbranchesoflinguistics?

AphoneticsBmetalingyCmorphologyDsyntax

ACD

15.Whichdoesn’tbelongtothemainbranchesoflinguistics?

AphoneticsBmorphologyCmetalingyDsyntax

16.Voicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationof（）

AthevelumBthevocalcordsCtheglottisDtheuvula

17.Senseof“word”contains:

AaphysicallydefinableunitBthecommonfactorunderlyingasetofforms

CanessentialformerofsentencesDagrammaticalunit

ABD

18.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownasareexpectedin,say,achurchsermon,adiplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.

AregistersBstylesCdialectsDaccents

19.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?

20.Westudypsycholinguisticsbecause（）

Atoknowaboutpsychologicalrealityoflinguisticstructures

Btohelptheaphasics

Ctoproducefindingswhichleadtothemodificationoftheoreticalideas

Dtomakeitanewtoolforstudyingpsychology

AC

Ⅱ.Directions:

Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebrackets（2%×

10=20%）.

1.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.（）

T

2.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.（）

3.Phoneisaphonologicalunit.（）

F

4.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.（）

5.ThefirstpragmatictheoryisConversationalImplicature.（）

6.FatherofmodernlinguisticsisSwissF.deSaussure.（）

7.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.（）

F

8.Thereismerelylittledifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.（）

9.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.（）

10.Thereisnodifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.（）

11.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheoutcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.（）

12.Therearesomerelationsbetweenlanguageandculture,languageandsociety,buttheyarenotdeservedtospendalotoftimestudying.（）

13.Languageacquisitionisahotresearchtopictoday,andsocial,cultural,personalfactorsarealsoobservedtobeaffecting.（）

14.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.

（）

15.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.（）

16.Acompoundisthecombinationoftwowords.（）

17.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.（）

18.Synchronicdescribeslanguagebyanalyzingitsdevelopmentthroughdifferentperiodoftime,whilediachronicdescribesphenomenonoflanguageofacertainperiod.（）

19.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheoutcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.（）

20.Themeaningofasentenceisalwaysthesumtotalofthewordsinthatsentence.（）

Ⅲ.Directions:

Explainthefollowingterms（3%×

5=15%）.

1.displacement

Displacement，asoneofthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage，referstothefactthatonecantalkaboutthingsthatarenotpresent，aseasilyashedoesthingspresently.

2.culturaltransmission

Itmeansthatlanguageisnotbiologicallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration，butthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker.

3.category

Category,insomeapproachesreferstoclassesandfunctionsinitsnarrowsense,morespecifically,itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofgeneralunits.

4.arbitrariness

Onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.

5.Vowl:

Aresoundsegmentsproducedwithoutsuchobstruction,sonoturbulenceofatotalstoppingoftheaircanbeperceived.

6.lexicon:

Alistofallthewordsinalanguageassignedtovariouslexicalcategoriesandprovidedwithsemanticinterpretation.

7.linguistics

Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage,itstudiesnotjustonelanguageofanyonesociety，butthelanguageofallhumanbeings.

8.word

Wordisaunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuitiverecognitionbynativespeakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.

Ⅳ.Brieflyanswerthefollowingquestions

1.Pleaselistthe4designfeaturesoflanguage

①arbitrariness②duality③creativity④displacement

2.Whydolinguistssaylanguageishumanspecific?

Firstofall，humanlanguagehassix“designfeatures”whichanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothave，atleastnotinthetruesenseofthem.

Secondly，linguistshavedonealottryingtoteachanimalssuchaschimpanzeestospeakahumanlanguagebuthaveachievednothinginspiring.

Thirdly，ahumanchildrearedamonganimalscannotspeakahumanlanguage，notevenwhenheistakenbackandtaughttolotoso.

3.Whatdoesphonologystudy？

Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology？

Phonologystudiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,andsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.

PhoneticsisthestudyofsoundsthatthehumanvoiceiscapableofcreatingwhereasPhonologyisthestudyofasubsetofthosesoundsthatconstitutelanguageandmeaning.Thefirstfocusesonchaoswhilethesecondfocusesonorder.

4.Listthesevenfunctionsofhumanlanguages.

①Informativefunction②Interpersonalfunction③Performativefunction④Metalingualfunction⑤Phaticcommunionfunction⑥Recreationalfunction

⑦Emotivefunction

Ⅴ.Translation

1.Inlinguistics,itreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationofsentences.

在语言学上,它是指在一种语言中,对指导文字组合进而形成句子规则的研究,或简言之,是对句子构成的研究.

2.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime.

计算机是一种电子机器，它可以根据存放在内存里的一系列程序操控数据，并可以在非常短的时间内完成复杂的任务。

3.Speechsoundshadexistedlongbeforewritingwasinvented,andeventoday,insomepartsoftheworld,therearestilllanguagesthathavenowritingsystems.

语音在书面写作发明以前便早已存在了，即使到了今天，世界上一些地方，仍然还只是存在语言而没有书写系统。

4.Thefactthatovertheyearsnumerousdictionarieshavebeenproducedwithaviewtoexplainingthemeaningofwordsalsobearswitnesstoitslongtradition.

多年以来,无数的词典多次提出以期解释“word”含义的事实,也见证了其悠久的历史.

5.Languageisaproductofhumanintelligence,createdanewineachindividualbyoperationsthatliefarbeyondthereachofwillorconsciousness.

语言是人类智慧的产物,通过运作被每个个体重新建构,而这种运作是远非意志或意识所及的.

6.Itishardtodefine“word”inthescientificsense.Nevertheless,itisagreedthatthree