HighschoolWord下载.docx

HighschoolWord下载.docx

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andisalsoinformallyknownas"

Colegial"

or"

SegundoGrau"

.Itisthelastphasetobasiceducation.Brazilianhighschoollasts3years,attemptingtodeepenwhatstudentslearninelementaryschoolandjuniorhigh.ABrazilianhighschoolstudentisreferencedbytheiryear-1st,2ndand3rdyears.

Unlikesomecountries,Brazilianstudentsdon'

thaveafinaltesttoconcludestudies.Theirapprovaldependsonlyontheirfinalgradeoneachsubject.Eachuniversityelaboratesitsowntesttoselectnewstudents-thistest,the"

vestibular"

generallyhappensonceayear.Enem,anon-mandatorynationalexam,evaluateshighschoolstudentsinBrazilandisusedtorankbothprivateandpublicschools.

ThebestscoresinvestibularandinEnemandthebestuniversitiesareconcentratedontheSouthernregionofthecountry,mainlyinthestatesofSã

oPaulo,RiodeJaneiro,MinasGerais,Espí

ritoSanto,RioGrandedoSul,SantaCatarinaandParaná

andintheFederalDistrict.Thelackoffundsandhistoricalandsocialproblemscontributetopoorattendancefromthestudents,especiallythoseinpublicschools.Nevertheless,somearenationalmodels,suchastheColé

gioPedroII,namedafterthe19thcenturyemperor.

Privateestablishments,ontheotherhand,mayberecognizedasacademicallyexcellentormerelyasinvestmentsinsocialnetworking.Schedulesvaryfromschooltoschool.Thesubjectstaught,however,areconceivedbytheMinisté

riodaEducaç

ã

o（MinistryofEducation）whichemphasisesthehardsciences.

TheeducationalyearbeginsinFebruaryandfinishesinDecember;

institutionsarepermittedtodefinetheirownactualstartandenddates.Theymust,however,provide200daysofclasses.

Universitiesarealsodividedintopublicandprivate.Atthislevel,publiconesareconsideredexcellentandtheirvestibularexamisverycompetitive（theexamformedschoolinUNICAMPmayhit300candidatesperplace）.Forbetterpreparation,therefore,manystudentstakea"

cursopré

-vestibular"

（universityprep.course）.Thelargerprivatehighschoolsofferthiscourse.

CzechRepublic

TheCzechschoolsystemis,duetohistoricreasons,almostsameasTheGermanschoolsystem.Theschoolsystemisfreeandmandatorytoage16.AftertheZá

kladní

škola（ElementarySchool）inageof16,studentsaredirectedtothreedifferentoptionalsecondaryeducationschools:

∙Střední

odborné

učiliště（SOU）-designedforstudentsgoingintoatrade（e.g.,carpentry,masonry,auto-mechanicetc.）Educationis3yearslongandentranceexamfree,combinedwithpractice（oneweekstudyinschool/oneweekpracticeinfactory,bakery,buildingsite...etc.）,finishedwithacertificate.

odborná

škola（SOŠ）-designedforstudentsgoingintoaprofession（accountant,technician,kindergartenteacher..）andfinisheswithmaturitaasexitexam.Theleavingexamconsistof2compulsoryand2optionalsubjects.CompulsorysubjectsareCzechlanguageandWorldLiteratureandoneotherlanguage.Optionalonesdependonthetypeofschool（mathematics,physics,accounting,etc.）Thestudyis4yearslongandyouneedtopassanentranceexam（CzechLanguageandMathematicsorPhysics,varieswiththetypeofschool）

∙Gymnasium（Gym）-designedforstudentsgoingtouniversity/collegeandfinisheswithamaturitaexam.Alsowith2mandatorysubjectsCzechlanguageandWorldLiteratureandoneotherlanguage.Optionalsubjectsvary,usuallybetweenhumanisticandscience.Thestudyis4,6or8yearslong.Incaseof6（8）yearsone,thepupilsfinishelementaryschooltwo（four）yearsearlierandthistwo（four）yearshasharderstudyingprogrammeonGymnasium.Therearealsoentryexamstoalltheseprogrammes.

ThematuritaisrequiredforstudyinUniversity.TheAbiturfromGymnasiumisbetterforHumanisticpointedUniversityandSOŠAbiturisbetterforTechnicalpointeduniversity.

EnglandandWales

Despiteoriginatingtheterm"

highschool"

itisnotusedwidelyinEnglandorWales（somesecondaryschoolscallthemselveshighschools）.

SecondaryschoolsinthestatesectorintheUKgenerallycaterforchildrenbetweentheagesof11and16or18.Until2009,educationwascompulsoryonlyupuntiltheageof16,thoughmanystudentscontinuedtostayonatschooluntiltheageof18.However,theEducationandSkillsAct2008dictatesthatchildrenmustnowremaininsecondaryeducationuntiltheageof17,from2013,movingto18from2015.Thefirsttobeaffectedbythechangeswillbethosechildrenturning11in2009.Mostsecondaryschoolshavetheirownsixthformsforyears12and13（ages16to18）,butinsomeareasstudentscontinuetheireducationatadedicatedsixthformcollege.Intheprivatesectorpupilsoftentransfertothefinalstageofeducationatage13.IntheUKschoolyearsrunfromSeptember1sttoAugust31st.Thetermhighschoolisusedspecificallyinsomecountiesasfollows:

∙InLeicestershire,thelabel"

appliestoasmallgroupofmiddleschools,whichacceptpupilsbetweentheagesof10and14,beforemovingontotheirfinalstageofsecondaryeducation.

∙InLiverpoolanditssurroundingareasecondaryschoolsarenamedhighschools（egBroadgreenHighSchool）

∙MostsecondaryschoolsinManchesterarenamedhighschools（seelistofsecondaryschoolsinManchester）

∙InHerefordshire,manystatesecondaryschoolsnamethemselveshighschools.

∙InKentandotherEnglishcountieswhichstillretaintheirgrammarschools,theirnon-selectivecomprehensiveschoolsareoftencalledhighschools.

∙TheIsleofWightretainsathree-tierschoolingsystem.Itsfivestate-run'

HighSchools'

aresonamedtodifferentiatethemfromsecondaryschools,whichhaveadifferentagerange.

∙InNorthumberlandandsomeareasinSuffolk,SomersetandStaffordshiretherestillexistsathree-tiereducationsystemcomprisingofFirst,MiddleandHighschool.HighSchoolswithinNorthumberlandandSuffolkcaterforpupilsfromYear9toSixthForm（ages13to18）.Thereiscurrentlyafairlyhigh-profilecampaignwithinNorthumberlandtosavethethree-tiersystemasithasbeenproposedtoabolishitandadoptthestandardPrimaryandSecondaryschoolsystemasintherestofEngland.

Finland

TheFinnisheducationsystemisacomparativelyegalitarianNordicsystem.Thismeansforexamplenotuitionfeesforfull-timestudentsandfreemealsareservedtopupils.Thereareprivateschoolsbuttheyaremadeunattractivebylegislation.

Thesecondleveleducationisnotcompulsory,butanoverwhelmingmajorityattends.Thereisachoicebetweenuppersecondaryschool（lukio,gymnasiuminSwedish）andvocationalschool（ammatillinenoppilaitos,yrkesinstitut）.

Uppersecondaryschool,unlikevocationalschool,concludeswithanationallygradedmatriculationexamination（ylioppilaskoe,studentexamen）.Passingthetestisadefactoprerequisiteforfurthereducation.Thesystemisdesignedsothatapproximatelythelowestscoring5%failsineachexamandalso5%getthebestgrade.Theexamallowsforalimiteddegreeofspecializationineithernaturalsciencesorsocialsciences.Thegraduationisanimportantandformalfamilyevent,likechristening,wedding,andfuneral.

IntheOECD'

sinternationalassessmentofstudentperformance,PISA,Finlandhasconsistentlybeenamongthehighestscorersworldwide;

in2003,Finnish15-year-oldscamefirstinreadingliteracy,science,andmathematics;

andsecondinproblemsolving,worldwide.TheWorldEconomicForumranksFinland'

stertiaryeducation#1intheworld.

France

InFrance,schooliscompulsoryfromsixtosixteenyearsold.Fromnurseryschooltohighereducation,familieshavetheoptionofsendingtheirchildrentofreeandcoeducationalpublicschools,ortopayforprivateones.

TheFrenchschoolsystemIfyouchooseastate-runschoolforyourchild,youmustchooseoneinyourneighborhood.Thelocalcityhall（mairie）willtellyouwhatyouroptionsare.

Fromtheageof2or3childrencanattendthelocalkindergarten（maternelle）,whichisstaterunandadministeredbythelocalauthorities.

Germany

TheGermanschoolsystemisfreeandmandatorytoage18.AftertheGrundschule（ElementarySchool,4years）,studentsaresuggestedtothreedifferentsecondaryeducationschools,onwhichtheyhavethefinalsayabout;

aforthtypeisaccompanyinganapprenticeshipstudentshavetodecideoniftheyhaven'

treachedtheageof18（usuallywhenhavingdecidedforHauptschuleorRealschule,previously）:

∙Hauptschule-designedforstudentsgoingintoatrade（e.g.,carpentry,masonry,etc.）andisfinished