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Thedevelopmenttrendofnumericalcontroltechnology

Abstract

ThecurrenttrendsinthedevelopmentofnumericalcontroltechnologyandequipmentintheworldandthestatusquoofthedevelopmentandindustrializationofCNCequipmenttechnologyinChinaarebrieflyintroduced.Onthisbasis,wediscussthedevelopmentofCNCtechnologyandequipmentinChinaunderthenewenvironmentofChina'

saccessiontotheWTOandfurtheropeningtotheoutsideworld.TheimportanceofimprovingthelevelofChina'

smanufacturinginformatizationandinternationalcompetitiveness,andputforwardsomeviewsonthedevelopmentofChina'

sCNCtechnologyandequipmentfrombothstrategicandstrategicaspects.

Thetechnologicallevelanddegreeofmodernizationoftheequipmentindustrydeterminetheleveloftheentirenationaleconomyandthedegreeofmodernization.Numericalcontroltechnologyandequipmentarethedevelopmentofemerginghigh-techindustriesandcutting-edgeindustries（suchasinformationtechnologyanditsindustries,biotechnologyanditsindustries,aviation,aerospace,etc.）（DefenseIndustryIndustry）enablingtechnologyandbasicequipment.Marxoncesaidthat“thedifferencebetweenvariouseconomictimesisnotwhatisproducedbuthowitisproducedandwhatlabordataitisusedtoproduce”.Manufacturingtechnologyandequipmentarethemostbasicproductionmaterialsforhumanproductionactivities,andnumericalcontroltechnologyisthecoretechnologyoftoday'

sadvancedmanufacturingtechnologiesandequipment.Inthemanufacturingindustryoftheworldtoday,CNCtechnologyiswidelyusedtoimprovemanufacturingcapabilitiesandlevels,andtoimprovetheadaptabilityandcompetitivenessofdynamicmarkets.Inaddition,variousindustrializedcountriesintheworldhavealsolistednumericalcontroltechnologyandnumericalcontrolequipmentasstrategicmaterialsofthecountry.Theynotonlytakesignificantmeasurestodeveloptheirownnumericalcontroltechnologiesandtheirindustries,butalsohavethekeytechnologyandequipmentof“high-precision”numericalcontrol.Ourcountryadoptsapolicyofblockadeandrestriction.Inshort,thevigorousdevelopmentofadvancedmanufacturingtechnologiescenteredonnumericalcontroltechnologyhasbecomeanimportantwayforalldevelopedcountriesintheworldtoaccelerateeconomicdevelopmentandimprovetheiroverallnationalstrengthandnationalstatus.

Numericalcontroltechnologyisatechnologythatusesdigitalinformationtocontrolmechanicalmovementandworkprocess.Numericalcontrolequipmentisamechatronicproductformedbythepenetrationofnewtechnologiesrepresentedbynumericalcontroltechnologyintotraditionalmanufacturingindustriesandemergingmanufacturingindustries,namely,so-calleddigitalequipment.Itstechnicalscopecoversmanyfields:

（1）machinerymanufacturingtechnology;

（2）informationprocessing,processing,andtransmissiontechnology;

（3）automaticcontroltechnology;

（4）servodrivetechnology;

（5）sensortechnology;

（6）softwareTechnologyandsoon.

Keywords:

CNCtechnology,machinerymanufacturing,informationprocessing,sensors

1DevelopmentTrendsofNumericalControlTechnology

Theapplicationofnumericalcontroltechnologyhasnotonlybroughtaboutrevolutionarychangesinthetraditionalmanufacturingindustry,butalsomademanufacturingasymbolofindustrialization.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofnumericalcontroltechnologyandtheexpansionofapplicationfields,hehasmadeimportantcontributionstothenationaleconomyandpeople'

slivelihood（IT,automotiveThedevelopmentoflightindustry,lightindustry,medicalcare,etc.isplayinganincreasinglyimportantrole,becausethedigitalizationoftheequipmentrequiredbytheseindustriesisamajortrendofmoderndevelopment.Fromthecurrenttrendofnumericalcontroltechnologyanditsequipmentdevelopmentintheworld,itsmainresearchhotspotsarethefollowingaspects[1~4].

1.1Newtrendsinhigh-speed,high-precisionprocessingtechnologyandequipment

Efficiencyandqualityarethemainstaysofadvancedmanufacturingtechnology.High-speed,high-precisionmachiningtechnologycangreatlyimproveefficiency,improveproductqualityandgrade,shortenproductioncycleandincreasemarketcompetitiveness.Tothisend,theJapaneseAdvancedTechnologyResearchInstitutewilllistitasoneofthefivemajormodernmanufacturingtechnologies.TheInternationalAssociationofProductionEngineers（CIRP）hasidentifieditasoneofthecentralresearchdirectionsforthe21stcentury.

Inthepassengercarindustry,theproductioncycleof300,000vehiclesperyearis40secondspervehicle,andmulti-speciesprocessingisoneofthekeyissuesthatmustbeaddressedforcarequipment.Intheaviationandaerospaceindustries,thepartsprocessedbythemaremostlythin-walled.Withthinribs,therigidityispoor,andthematerialisaluminumoraluminumalloy.Theseribsandwallscanbeprocessedonlywhenthehighcuttingspeedandcuttingforcearesmall.Recently,themethodof“hollowingout”large-sizealuminumalloybilletshasbeenusedtomanufacturelargepartssuchaswingsandfuselagetoreplacemultiplepartsandassembledbynumerousrivets,screws,andothercouplingmethodstoobtainstrength,stiffness,andreliabilityofcomponents.improve.Alloftheserequirehigh-speed,high-precisionandhigh-flexibilityforprocessingequipment.

FromthestandpointofEMO2001,thefeedrateofhigh-speedmachiningcenterscanreach80m/min,orevenhigher,andtheairspeedcanreacharound100m/min.Atpresent,manyautomobileplantsintheworld,includingChina'

sShanghaiGeneralMotorsCorporation,haveadoptedapartoftheproductionlineconsistingofahigh-speedmachiningcentertoreplacethecombinedmachinetools.TheHyperMachmachinetoolfeedrateofCINCINNATI,USAisupto60m/min,thespeedis100m/min,theaccelerationis2g,andthespindlespeedhasreached60,000r/min.Ittakesonly30minutestomachineathin-walledaircraftpart,andthesameparttakes3hforgeneralhigh-speedmillingand8hfornormalmilling;

thespindlespeedandaccelerationofthetwin-spindlelatheofDMG,Germany,reach12*!

000r/mmrespectively.And1g.

Intermsofmachiningaccuracy,inthepast10years,themachiningaccuracyofordinaryCNCmachinetoolshasincreasedfrom10μmto5μm,precisionmachiningcentershaveincreasedfrom3~5μmto1~1.5μm,andultra-precisionmachiningprecisionhasbeguntoenterthenanometerlevel.（0.01μm）.

Intermsofreliability,theMTBFvalueofforeignnumericalcontroldeviceshasreachedmorethan6000hours,andtheMTBFvalueoftheservosystemhasreachedmorethan30,000hours,showingveryhighreliability.

Inordertoachievehigh-speed,high-precisionmachining,thesupportingfunctionalcomponentssuchaselectricspindlesandlinearmotorshavebeenrapidlydevelopedandtheapplicationfieldshavebeenfurtherexpanded.

1.2Rapiddevelopmentof5-axissimultaneousmachiningandcompoundmachining

Theuseof5-axissimultaneousmachiningof3Dsurfacepartsallowscuttingwiththebestgeometryofthetool,resultinginnotonlyahighdegreeoffinish,butalsoasignificantincreaseinefficiency.Itisgenerallyconsideredthattheefficiencyofa5-axismachinetoolcanbeequalto23-axislinkagemachines.Especiallywhenusingultra-hardmaterialmillingtoolssuchascubicboronnitrideforhigh-speedmillingofhardenedsteelparts,5-axissimultaneousmachiningcanbecomparedwith3-axislinkage.Processingtoplayahigherefficiency.Inthepast,duetothecomplexityofthe5-axislinkageCNCsystemandthehostmachinestructure,thepricewasseveraltimeshigherthanthatofthe3-axislinkageCNCmachinetool,andtheprogrammingtechnologywasmoredifficult,whichrestrictedthedevelopmentof5-axislinkagemachinetools.

Atpresent,duetotheemergenceofelectricspindles,thestructureofthecompositespindleheadthatrealizes5-axissimultaneousmachiningisgreatlysimplified,itsmanufacturingdifficultyandcostaregreatlyreduced,andthepricegapofthenumericalcontrolsystemisreduced.Asaresult,thedevelopmentofcompositespindleheadtype5-axislinkagemachinetoolsandcompoundmachinetools（including5-sidedmachinetools）hasbeenpromoted.

AttheEMO2001exhibition,thenew5-axismachinetoolofNipponMachineToolCo.,Ltd.adoptsacompoundspindlehead,whichcanrealizetheprocessingoffourverticalplanesandprocessingatanyangle,sothat5-sidedmachiningand5-axismachiningcanberealizedonthesamemachinetool.Itcanrealizetheprocessingofinclinedsurfaceandinvertedcone.GermanyDMGcompanyexhibitedDMUVoutionseriesmachiningcenter,whichcanbeprocessedinfive-facemachiningandfive-axislinkageinasingleclamping.ItcanbedirectlyorindirectlycontrolledbyCNCsystemcontrolorCAD/CAM.

1.3Intelligentization,openness,andnetworkinghavebecomemajortrendsinthedevelopmentofmoderndigitalcontrolsystems

The21stcenturyCNCequipmentwillbeacertainintelligentsystem.TheintelligentcontentisincludedinallaspectsoftheCNCsystem:

inordertopursuetheprocessingefficiencyandprocessingqualityintheintelligent,suchastheprocessofadaptivecontrol,processparametersautomaticallyGenerated;

Toimprovethedrivingperformanceandtheuseofconvenientconnectionintelligent,suchasfeed-forwardcontrol,adaptivecalculationofmotorparameters,automaticidentificationloadautomaticselectionmodel,self-tuning,etc.;

simplifytheprogramming,simplifytheoperationofintelligent,suchassmartTheautomaticprogramming,intelligentman-machineinterface,et