状语从句用法总结完整Word文档格式.docx
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instant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when
Ididn'
trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.
Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard果园),themomenttheysawtheguard
NosoonerhadIarrivedhome,thenitbegantorain.
EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.
除assoonas夕卜,还有三类:
名词型——themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant;
副词型——immediately,directly,instantly;
句式型nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…
ThemomentIsawhim,Ifellinlovewithhim.
1cameimmediatelyyoucalled.你一给我打电话,我就马上来。
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Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.我一到家,就开始下雨。
【注意】
如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构。
Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.
NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.
在时间状语中,不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。
When,while,as一边…——边...),after,before,assoonas,since,till/until,bythe
time(到。
。
为止,所在句子的主句应用完成时)
Mozartstartedwritingmusicwhenhewasfouryearsold.
Hevisitedalotofplaceswhilehewastraveling.
Helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomeworktheotherday.
when,while和as的区别
when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动
词。
并且when有时表示“就在那时”,when=andthen;
atthatmoment。
Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.
WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.
Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.
While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。
并且while有时还可以表示对比。
Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.
Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.
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As表示“一边一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于
主句和从句动作同时发生;
as也可以强调“一先一后。
Wealwayssingaswewalk.
Aswewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.
before和after引导的时间状语从句
before的本意为“在之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来
得及/还没有……就……,趁着还没……就……,不知不觉就,才”等。
After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。
Einsteinalmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.
Myfatherhadleftforjustbeforetheletterarrived.
Theyhadnotbeenmarriedfourmonthsbeforetheyweredivorced.
Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.
Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthome.
till或until引导的时间状语从句
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。
如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;
如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。
tgotobeduntil(till)myfathercameback.
ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.
Iworkeduntilhecameback我工作到他回来为止。
Ididn'
tworkuntilhecameback他回来我这才开始工作。
由since引导的时间状语从句。
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since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
但在Itis+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。
Ihavebeeninsinceyouleft.
WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?
Itisfouryearssincemysisterlivedin.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
ItisfivemonthssinceourbosswasinBeijing我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
2.地点状语从句
where
特殊引导词:
wherever,anywhere,everywhere
Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.
Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.
句型1:
Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficultorimpossible.
Youshouldhaveputthebookwhereyoufoundit.
WheretheCommunistPartyofChinagoes,therethepeopleareliberated.
句型2:
Anywhere/wherever+地点从句,+主句。
Wherevertheseais,youwillfindseamen.
3.原因状语从句
because,since,as,for
seeingthat(由于,鉴于),nowthat(既然),inthat,
considering
that(考虑到),giventhat(考虑到).
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MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI'
mhandsomeandsuccessful.
Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightofisquiteremarkable.
you'
realreadyatthedoor,IsupposeImustinviteyouinside.Consideringhe'
sonlysixteenyearold,heisnotfitforthejob.
sheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.
because,since,as,fo辨析
1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的
问题。
当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或since。
tgo,becauseIwasafraid.
Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.
2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用
for来代替。
但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。
Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.
Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.
3)as和for的区别:
通常情况下,as引导的从句在主句前,for引导的从句在主句后。
Astheweatheriscold,Istayathome(.同义句)
Istayathome,fortheweatheriscold.
4.目的状语从句
sothat,inorderthat
lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurpose
that,
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totheendthat
Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsign
them.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.
5.结果状语从句
so…that,such…that,
suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,
tosuchadegreethat,
(such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。
)
Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.
It'
ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.
Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn'
tsleeplastnight.6.条件状语从句
if,unless,
as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposing
that,incasethat,onconditionthat
We'
llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.
Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.
Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.和时间状语从句一样,从句的谓语动词不能用一般将来时态、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时来替代。
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Tellmeincaseyougetintodifficulty.
7.让步状语从句
though,although,evenif,eventhough
as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用
在句首),nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,
whenever,however,whichever
MuchasIrespecthim,Ican'
tagreetohisproposal.
Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.
Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.
as,though引导的倒装句
as/though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分
Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasasmallchild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.
a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。
如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.
=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems-
nomatterwho=whoever
nomatterwhen=whenever
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nomatterwhere=wherever
nomatterwhich=whichever
nomatterhow=however
注意:
nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
(错)Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.
(对)Whateveryousayisofnousenow.
(错)Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey'
regiven,
(对)Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey'
regiven.
8.比较状语从句
as同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)
themore…themore…;
justas…,so…;
AistoBwhat/asXis
toY;
no…morethan;
notAsomuchasB
Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.
Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.
Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.
nomorethan只不过(嫌少的意思)
notmorethan不如。
(前者不如后者)
Ihavenomorethantwopens.
snomorethanamiletotheshops.
JackisnotmorediligentthanJohn.
oneofthe+名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级)
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HanMeiisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.
9.方式状语从句
獡?
樨獵?
愠乂?
日猶丿?
日?
愠?
晩?
桴畯桧尨正如甥?
?
,就像)
theway
Whenin,doastheRomando.
Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.
Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.
asif,asthough
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。
汉译常作仿佛……似的,好像……似的
Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:
主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;
2从句主要动词是be的某种形式。
从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。
He'
llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.另外,比较状语从句经常省略。
I'
mtallerthanhe(istall).
Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).
状语从句的省略现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:
1由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;
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2由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句;
3由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;
4由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;
5由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。
面针对这五种情形作归纳
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。
If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.
Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。
常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.Whenever(sheis)free,sheoftengoesshopping.
Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'
llregret.
b.连词+名词
While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.
c.连词+
As(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.
d.连词+过去分词
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Hewon'
tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.
Theconcertwasagreatsuccessthan(itwas)expected.
e.连词+不定式
Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.
Hewouldn'
tsolvetheproblemevenif(hewere)totakecharge.
f.连词+介词短语
Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.
HehadmasteredtheEnglishlanguagebefore(hewas)inthe.
注意:
当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用来表达。
Whenthem