专业英语复习资料Word下载.doc

专业英语复习资料Word下载.doc

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6

Bearingcapacity

承载能力

7

Reinforcedconcrete

钢筋混凝土

8

Concretestripfoundation

混凝土条形基础

9

Bentreinforcementbars

弯起钢筋

10

Constructionjoint

施工缝

11

Partitionwalling

隔墙

12

Distributionreinforcementbars

分布钢筋

13

Unsetconcrete

未凝固混凝土

14

Fire-resistingquality

防火质量

15

Horizontalsupportingtimber

横向支撑木板

16

Waterproofmembrane

防水薄膜

17

Concretecover

混凝土保护层

18

Ceilingjoist

天花龙骨

19

Reinforcementstirrup

U型箍筋

20

Hollowpot

空心砌块

21

Gableroof

双坡屋面

22

Sheetmetalflashing

金属挡水板

23

Weltedjoint

咬口接缝

24

Insulationquilt

保温毡

25

Tarfelt

油毡

26

Perimeterbeam

圈梁

27

Concretecladdingskin

混凝土围护层

28

Prefabricatedunit

预制构件

29

Tolerancemargin

容许误差界限

30

Balconyfloorunit

阳台板构件

31

Oneandahalfbrickwall

一砖半墙

32

Sub-pavementtunnel

路下穿行隧道

33

Tubesystem

管道施工隧道

34

Tramwaysystem

轻轨交通系统

35

Drivensteelpile

打入式钢桩

36

Diaphragmreinforcedconcretewalling

钢筋混凝土地下连续墙

37

Brickshaft

砖砌竖井

38

Outlinecrosssection

剖面轮廓线

39

Compressivestrength

抗压强度

40

Frostproofcourse

防冻层

41

Subsoilstability

地基稳定

42

Cable-stayedbridge

斜拉桥

43

Prestressedconcrete

预应力混凝土

44

Cycletrack

自行车道

45

Steelcaisson

钢沉箱

46

Boxsectionbeam

箱梁

47

Clearspan

净距

48

Standbylane

备用车道

49

Backdropmanhole

跌级沙井

50

Riskofpollution

污染的危险性

2.英译中：

（考其中5句）

1.Itisimportantforanovicedesignertounderstandthefactthatbeautifulandpracticaldesignsolutionsdon’tappearoutofthinairlikemagic.

2.Thedesignprocessisaframeworkofsteps,incorporatingbothrationalandintuitivephrases,thataidthedesignertoorganizehis/herwork,thoughts,andfeelingsinanefforttoproducethebestdesignsolutionpossible.

3.Thepurposeofafoundationistocarrytheloadofastructureandspreaditoveragreaterarea,evenlyandwithoutunduesettlement,tothegroundbeneath.

4.Afoundationnormallyconsistsofeitherplainorreinforcedconcrete,whichshouldbelaidsufficientlybelowthegroundfrostleveltoavoidthepossibledangeroffrozensoilliftingit.

5.Precastconcreteblocksaremadebypouringunsetconcreteintoamoldandallowingittoharden.

6.Solidwallingisgenerallyconstructedofeitherbricks,precastconcreteblocksorin-situconcrete.

7.Solidgroundfloorsareneatlyalwaysofconcretelaidonhardcorebedsandarereinforcedwithmeshreinforcement.

8.Theinclusionofreinforcedbeamsinareinforcedconcreteflooraddstoitsstrengthandloadingcapacity.

9.Themainadvantagesofflatroofsarethattheyarecomparativelysimpletoconstructandgenerallylesscostlythanpitchedroofs.

10.Inthedesignofpitchedroofs,oneofthemostimportantfactorsisthedegreeofthepitchorslope,whichdependsmainlyonthematerialusedtocovertheroofs.

11.Thedisruptionofroadandrealtraffic,sooftenexperiencedwhenaflyover,anunderpassoraserviceisbeingconstructed,canbeminimizedinthoseconstructionsincorporatingprefabrication.

12.Themainadvantageoffactoryindustrializedbuildingisthattheprefabricatedunitscanbeproducedtoaveryhighstandardofprecisionandaconsistentlyhighquality.

13.Thereremainsverylittleintheworldofbuildingandcivilengineeringthatcannotbeconstructedeffectivelyandattractivelybymeansofprefabricatedunits.

14.Theinabilityofexistingroadsystemsoflargetownstocopewithmoderntrafficrequirementshasmadetunnelconstructionapropositionwellworthseriousconsideration.

15.Modernequipmentandingenuityhaveenabledtheconstructionoftunnelstobefarlesslaboriousthanhitherto.

16.Theabilityofroadstoenabletraffictoflowfreelyandsafelybetweentheindustrialandcommercialcentrescontributesenormouslytowardsaprogressiveeconomy.

17.AccordingtoLeonhardt,thecompositeconcretedeckisalsoeconomicalfortriple-spancable-stayedsuspensionbridge,butonlyforthosewithacenterspanofupto700meters.

18.Inplanningthelayoutofdrains（normallyregardedaspipesservingonebuilding）orsewers（pipesservingmorethanonebuilding）,thepipesshould,whereverpossible,fallwiththegroundcontours,sothattheexcavationiskepttoaminimum.

阅读理解（考其中三段，题型为判断题以及单选题）：

PassageOne:

StructuralDesign

Instructuralengineering,structuraldesignisaniterativeprocessofapplyingengineeringmechanicsandpastexperiencetocreateafunctional,economic,and,mostimportantly,safestructureforthepublictoinhabitortouse.Usingstructuralanalysistechniquesandconformingtodesignspecificationsandthelocaldesigncodes,thestructuraldesignengineerworkstocreateasolutionthatistoeveryone'

sbenefit.

Structuraldesignisanexpressionofanunderstandingoftheflowofforces.Thedistributionofforcesisinitiallyunderstooddiagramaticallyandmathematically.Basedonthisscientificunderstanding,sketchesofmembersandconnectionsaredeveloped.Structuraldesignwhichishighlyexpressiveoftheflowofforcesisalsoassociatedwithmodernarchitecturaldesign.

Structuraldesignincludesaccommodationforthepracticalitiesofconstruction,includingonsiteassembly,shopassembledcomponents,accessibility,andmaintenance.

PassageTwo:

DeepFoundation

Adeepfoundationisatypeoffoundationdistinguishedfromshallowfoundationsbythedepththeyareembeddedintotheground.Therearemanyreasonsageotechnicalengineerwouldrecommendadeepfoundationoverashallowfoundation,butsomeofthecommonreasonsareverylargedesignloads,apoorsoilatshallowdepth,orsiteconstraints（likepropertylines）.Therearedifferenttermsusedtodescribedifferenttypesofdeepfoundationsincludingpiles,drilledshafts,caissons,andpiers.Thenamingconventionsmayvarybetweenengineeringdisciplinesandfirms.Deepfoundationscanbemadeoutoftimber,steel,reinforcedconcreteandpre-tensionedconcrete.Deepfoundationscanbeinstalledbyeitherdrivingthemintothegroundordrillingashaftandfillingitwithconcrete,massorreinforced.

PassageThree:

Load-bearingwall

Aload-bearingwallorbearingwall,isoneinwhichawallofastructurebearstheweightandforcerestinguponit,conductingtheverticalloadfromtheupperstructuretothefoundation.Abearingwallisopposedtoacurtainwall,whichusesthestrengthofasub-walltobeartheweightofthecurtainsuchasthebrickfacadeonaskyscraper,andsuperstructure,usuallyasteelframe,tocarrytheweightofthefloorsandwallsinsidethecurtainwallsprotection.Thematerialsmostoftenusedtoconstructload-bearingwallsinlargebuildingsareconcrete,block,orbrick.

PassageFour:

Floornumbering

InmostofcontinentalEurope,aswellastheBritishIslesandmuchoftheCommonwealthandLatinAmerica,theflooratthegroundlevelisthegroundfloorandtheflooraboveisthefirstfloor,whichmaintainsthecontinentalEuropeanusethatdatesfromthedaysoftheconstructionofpalaces.

InNorthAmericanusage（withcertainexceptionsinQuebec）,however,theflooratthegroundlevelisusually,butnotalways,thefirstfloorandtheflooraboveisthesecondfloor;

thissystemisalsousedinRussia,partsofScandinaviaoutsideDenmarkandsomecountriesoftheformerSovietUnionorEasternbloc.

China,Taiwan,andJapanfollowtheAmericansystem,exceptthatthenumbersusedarecardinals（"

1F,2F"

）ratherthanordinals（"

1st/2ndfl."

or"

fl.1/2"

）.

PassageFive:

Pavementengineering

Pavementengineeringisabranchofcivilengineeringthatusesengineeringtechniquestodesignandmaintainflexible（asphalt）andrigid（concrete）pavements.Thisincludesstreetsandhighwaysandinvolvesknowledgeofsoils,hydraulics,andmaterialproperties.Pavementengineeringinvolvesnewconstructionaswellasrehabilitationandmaintenanceofexistingpavements.Maintenanceofteninvolvesusingengineeringjudgmenttomakemaintenancerepairswiththehighestlong-termbenefitandlowestcost.ThePavementConditionIndex（PCI）isanexampleofanengineeringapproachappliedtoexistingpavements.Anotherexampleistheuseofafallingweightdeflectometer（FWD）tonon-destructivelytestexistingpavements.Calculationofpavementlayerstrengthscanbeperformedfromtheresultingdeflectiondata.

PassageSix:

.Prefabrication

Prefabricationisthepracticeofassemblingcomponentsofastructureinafactoryorothermanufacturingsite,andtransportingcompleteassembliesorsub-assembliestotheconstructionsitewherethestructureistobelocated.Thetermisusedtodistinguishthisprocessfromthemoreconventionalconstructionpracticeoftransportingthebasicmaterialstotheconstructionsitewhereallassemblyiscarriedout.

Thetermprefabricationalsoappliestothemanufacturingofthingsotherthanstructuresatafixedsite.Itisfrequentlyusedwhenfabricationofasectionofamachineoranymovablestructureisshiftedfromthemainmanufacturingsitetoanotherlocation,andthesectionissuppliedassembledandreadytofit.Itisnotgenerallyusedtorefertoelectricalorelectroniccomponentsofamachine,ormechanicalpartssuchaspumps,gearboxesandcompressorswhichareusuallysuppliedasseparateitems,buttosectionsofthebodyofthemachinewhichinthepastwerefabricatedwiththewholemachine.Prefabricatedpartsofthebodyofthemachinemaybecalled'

sub-assemblies'

todistinguishthemfromtheothercomponents.

PassageSeven:

Typesofbridges

Therearesixmaintypesofbridges:

beambridges,cantileverbridges,archbridges,suspensio