英语专业论文 西方骑士文化和中国狭义文化对比.docx

英语专业论文 西方骑士文化和中国狭义文化对比.docx

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英语专业论文西方骑士文化和中国狭义文化对比

本科毕业论文（设计）

题目：

从《水浒传》和《高文爵士和绿衣

骑士》比较中西方侠义文化和骑士文化

学院：

外语学院

专业：

英语语言文学

姓名：

洪波

指导教师:

王德峰

2012年5月27日

ACOMPARATIVESTUDYOFCHINESECHIVALROUSCULTUREANDWESTERNKNIGHTCULTURE

-ViewedfromAllMenAreBrothersandTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnight

BY

HongBo

ENGLISHDEPARTMENT

COLLEGEOFFOREIGNLANGUAGES

QINGDAOUNIVERSITY

May27,2012

ABSTRACT

ThethesisanalyzesthecommonalitiesanddiscrepanciesofChineseknight-errantsintheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriodandtheknightsinthewesternEuropeintheMiddleAges,intheaspectsofhistoricalconditions,thoughtconditions,ideology,behavioralpatternsandvalueorientationandsoon.Inthesametime,thethesisillustratesthereasonwhyknight-errantsareseekingforthejusticeillegallyandtheknightsareseekingforthepeaceinthewars.Andinsomedegree,itreflectsthedifferencesintheaspectofculture,society,lifestyleintheeastandwest.

Keywordsknight-errant,knight,Chineseculture,westernculture,comparativeresearch

摘要

本文从历史背景入手，从产生的历史条件，形成的思想条件，以及它们自身的意识形态，行为方式，价值取向等重要方面入手，分析了春秋战国时代中国的侠士和中世纪西欧的骑士的异同，阐述了侠士以奇兵求正道，以非法制的手段弥补社会法制之不足以及骑士在战争中谋求和平的矛盾的社会根源。

并且从一定程度上，反映了中西方文化、社会以及生活方式的差异。

关键词侠士，骑士，中国文化，西方文化，比较研究

Contents

Introduction1

ChapterOneTheSpiritConnotationofTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandAllMenAreBrothers2

1.1ABriefAnalysisofWesternKnightSpiritinTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnight2

1.2ABriefAnalysisofChineseChivalryinAllMenAreBrothers3

ChapterTwoTheHistoricalBackgroundsofTheirEmergence4

2.1TheHistoricalConditionsoftheEmergenceoftheKnight-errants4

2.2TheHistoricalConditionsoftheEmergenceoftheKnight5

ChapterThreeTheCulturalInfluenceoftheKnight-errantsandtheKnight8

3.1TheCulturalInfluenceontheKnight-errants8

3.2TheCulturalInfluenceontheKnights8

ChapterFourThePursuedBehavioralPatternsandMainContentsoftheTwoCultures10

4.1TheBehavioralPatternsoftheKnight-errants10

4.1.1TheOppositionBetweenActionAndMind10

4.1.2ThePursuitofFreedominBodyandSpirit11

4.1.3LayingEmphasisonRighteousnessAndIgnoringLifeAndDeath11

4.2TheBehavioralPatternsoftheKnight12

4.2.1BeingValiantAndBellicose12

4.2.2StrivingPursuitofFidelity13

4.2.3TheJustMan13

4.3TheSimilaritiesandDifferencesoftheMainContentsoftheTwoCultures14

ChapterFiveTheInfluenceoftheWesternKnightSpiritandChineseChivalry16

Conclusion18

Acknowledgments19

Bibliography20

Introduction

ChivalryisthecoreoftheancientChineseculture.Ithasanimportanteffectonthemodernsociety.Westernknightspiritwerefloweringinthemiddleages.Theknightspirithasaneverlastinginfluenceonthedevelopmentofthewesternsociety.IntwoclassicnovelsTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnight,wecanseethetwospiritsclearly.

ChivalryoriginatedfromtheideaofanancientChinesephilosophernamedMozi.Asweallknow,theuniversallovewasadvocatedbyMozi.Ancientknight-errantsgotthegistandthenhaditspreadfromthenon.Ancientknight-errantswerebrave,independentinmindandaction,andalsocanmakeacleardistinctionbetweentherightandwrong.Theirchivalrousactionswerepraisedbypeoplefromancienttimestothepresent.ChivalryspirithasmadeagreatcontributiontoourChinesenationalcharacter.

ThewesternknightspiritoriginatedfromthenorthernGermannations.Atthattime,thebarbarismandbackwardlivingconditionsmadepeoplecontinuallyhuntingandplunderinginwars.Gradually,knightmadehimselfoutofcommonpeople.Theywereallequippedandtrainedpersons,pledgingthemselvesloyaltytotheirlords.Throughmanyyears'development,knightspiritbecamethecoreofthemiddleagesinthewest.Theknightspiritincludedhumility,honor,sacrifice,compassion,spirituality,honestyandjustice.Knightspiritdidcontributedtothemodernwesterncivilization.

Inmythesis,Iwillmakeacomparisonthroughthehistoricalbackgrounds,differentculturalinfluence,andtheirbehavioralpatterns.

ChapterOneTheSpiritConnotationofTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandAllMenAreBrothers

ThispartdiscussesthespiritcoreofthetwoworksTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandAllMenAreBrothers.Iwillfirstlygiveabriefintroductionofthetwoworksandthenmakeananalysisofthetwospiritsrespectively.

1.1ABriefAnalysisofWesternKnightSpiritinTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnight

TheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightisagreatsymbolicworkofEnglishromanticversewith2529linesandunknownauthor.TheversebelongstothefamousseriesofstoriesofthekingArthurandhisknightsoftheRoundTable.Theplotisasfollows:

KingArthurwascelebratingtheChristmasholidaywithhisknightsoftheRoundTable.IntheNewYear'sDay,aknightcametochallengetheknightsoftheRoundTable.Anyonewhocouldcuthisheadoffonthespotshouldhavethechanceofbeingrevengedthenextyear.SirGawainrosetothechallengeandcuttheGreenKnight'sheadoff.Thestill-livebodypickeduphisownheadandreturnedtohischurch.Oneyearlater,SirGawainkepthisappointmenttolookfortheGreenKnight.Hecametoacastleandlivedthereforafewdays.ThehostessenticedSirGawainwhenhishusbandwashuntingoutsideintheday,butGawainremainedunmoved.Finally,Gawainleftforthegreenchurchwiththecompanyofaguide.ThenGawainfoundoutthattheGreenKnightwasthehostofthecastle.TheGreenKnightraisedhisaxetoattackGawainthreetimeswiththefirsttwotimesemptyandthethirdonlyaslightwoundonhisneck.TheGreenKnightexplainedthatthefirsttwoemptyattackswereforhisbeingunmovedbythehostess'stemptationandtheslighthurtofthethirdtimewaspunishmentforhisholdingbackthegirdlethatwasgivenbythehostess.Eventually,GawainbidfarewelltotheGreenKnightandreturnedtothepalace.AllknightsoftheRoundTablepraisedhimforhisgooddeed.Thegirdle

becamethesymbolofgoodvirtue.

TheSirGawainandtheGreenKnight,notonlydescribesthearistocratlife,butalsoextolstheknights'courage,pudicity,integrityandthesenseofhonor.Theversemeanstoputemphasisontheideaofthechivalry.Thedeepambivalenceofsavinglifeandsavinghonorintheverseshowsthemilkofhumankindnessandisalsoauthentic.Inconclusion,humility,honor,sacrifice,compassion,spirituality,honestyandjusticemakeupthetheconnotationofchivalry.

1.2ABriefAnalysisofChineseChivalryinAllMenAreBrothers

AllMenAreBrothers,writtenbyShiNai'anisoneofthefourChineseliteratureclassics.Ittellsthe108heroesstruggleagainstthecorruptgovernmentattheendoftheNorthernSongDynasty.Theheroestriedvaliantlytorightinjusticeandrobbedtherichtohelpthepoor.Finally,therebelsareputdownatLiangShan,and108heroes,ledbySongJiang,surrenderedtothegovernment.Inspiteofthefactthattheuprisingwasfailed,chivalrythatwasfullyillustratedinAllMenAreBrotherswouldbelonglived.Alltheheroes'behaviorsreflectthechivalrousspiritoftraditionalChinesefolkculture.

AllMenAreBrothersisthefirstnovelwhichdealswithChinesefolkcolor.Forexample,SongJiang,theheadofthe108heroes,hasastrongsenseofduty,hecaresmoreabouthisfollowers.Hecanevendieforthem.Allthefollowersareloyaltohimandarereadytodieforthebenefitofthemajority.

TheworshiptothechivalryspiritinAllMenAreBrothersreflectsthecommonpeople'spsychology.HeroesinLiangShanareallfromcommonpeople,theyarerepresentativesoftheaverage.Theyhatethosedignitariesanddarkgovernment;whattheywantistobuildanewworldwherethereisnooppressionorexploitation.

ChapterTwoTheHistoricalBackgroundsofTheirEmergence

Thischapterdiscussesthehistoricalconditionsoftheemergenceoftheknight-errantsandtheknight.Thedifferencesandsimilaritieswillbecoveredinthischapter.

2.1TheHistoricalConditionsoftheEmergenceoftheKnight-errants

WhendidtheChineseknight-errantsfirstcomeintobeing?

Whathistoricalconditionsdidtheyexist?

Maybeit'sbeyondourknowledgetomakesuretheexacttime.However,thehistoricalmaterialsleaveusmanypreciousrecords.ThehistoricalrecordsprovethatTheSpringandAutumnWarringStatePeriodcannotbeignored.Thisperiodisconsideredtoproducetheknight-errants.It'sthewarringstatethatproducedtheknight-errantsrank.Inthatperiod,thepatriarchalclansystembeginstofalterandpoliticalorderfallsintodisarray.Ononehand,manynoblemenfellintothecommonpeople,andmanyslavesgotreleasedandbecamefreepeople.Themorefreepeopleinthelowerclasspavethewayfortheemergenceoftheknight-errants.Ontheotherhand,warsandinternaldisordersinallcountrieshavelinkswithforce.Theneedofthesocietyproducesthespecialsocialgroupwhichlivedontheforce.

IftheWesternknightbelongstonobleculture,theChineseknight-errantisareflectionofundergroundcultureinwhichagroupofoutlawscarrytheiractivitiesintoexecutionsecretly.TheChineseclassicalnovelsshowsomespecialconnotationandbeautifulsensewhichcanbefoundinHeroesoftheMarshes.OneofthemostimportantconnotationsinHeroesoftheMarshesisthesaga.Sagawasoriginallycreatedintheformofdictation,andmostoftheheroicstorieswerespreadorallythroughcommonpeople,andafteralongtime,thestorieswerewrittendownbyposterity.

InthecultureofChinesechivalry,wushuisanimportantpart.Ittranslatedliterally,meansmartial