DifferentExpressionBetweenChineseandEnglishonPoliteness中英文礼貌用语的差异毕业论文.docx
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DifferentExpressionBetweenChineseandEnglishonPoliteness中英文礼貌用语的差异毕业论文
Xxxx学校
本科生毕业论文
题目DifferentExpressionBetween
ChineseandEnglishonPoliteness
中英文礼貌用语的差异
学生姓名
学号
专业班级
指导教师
完成时间
DIFFERENTEXPRESSIONBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHONPOLITENESS
THESIS
Submittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsfor
ThedegreeofBachelorofArts
InxxxxxUniversity
Byxxx
Supervisor:
xxx
May2014
XxxxxxUniversity
摘要
礼貌，作为一种普遍的社会现象它的主要功能是维护社会秩序，维护友好的人际的联系，减少冲突和误解并通过礼貌的言语行为获得交流。
使用礼貌语是不同的社会群体共有的普遍现象,是人类社会文明的标志。
然而由于受不同文化的制约,英汉礼貌用语也有所不同。
本文试从英汉两种不同语言的礼貌原则入手，通过对英汉礼貌用语的语用差异进行对比,分析其产生的原因，避免因文化差异而带来的跨文化语用失误，减少跨文化交际过程中的误解和文化冲突，使说话者成功进行跨文化交际交流。
关键词：
差异；礼貌用语；礼貌原则；跨文化交际
Abstract
Politenessisakindofcommonsocialphenomenon,whosemainfunctionistomaintainsocialorderandinterpersonalcontactfriendly,reducingconflictsandmisunderstandingsandtogetthepurposeofthecommunicationbythepolitespeechact.Usingthepolitelanguageisthecommonphenomenonindifferentsocialgroupsanditisasignofhumancivilization.However,duetotherestrictionofthedifferentcultures,therearealsosomedifferentpolitelanguageonEnglishandChinese.Thisarticletriestobeginwiththepolitenessprincipleofthetwodifferentlanguages----EnglishandChinese.ThroughacomparativeanalysisofthepragmaticdifferencesonpolitelanguagebetweenEnglishandChinese,itanalyzesthereasonshowtoavoidthefailurebroughtbytheculturaldifferencesandhowtoreducethemisunderstandingandculturalconflictintheprocessofcross-culturalcommunication,soastohelpspeakerstosucceedincross-culturalcommunication,
Keywords:
differences;politelanguage;politenessprinciple;
cross-culturalcommunication
Contents
摘要...……………………………………………………......………….i
Abstract……………………………………………….……….….……..ii
Introduction……………………………………........................………..1
Chapter1AComparativeAnalysisofPolitenessMaximsinEnglishandChinese…........................................................………...2
1.1EnglishPolitenessMaxims…..….............................................…….2
1.2ChinesePolitenessMaxims…......................................................….3
Chapter2TheMainPerformanceofDifferentExpressionBetween
ChineseandEnglishonPoliteness…….……………...........5
2.1TermsofAddress……………...............…………….........................5
2.2TermsofGreetingsandFarewells................………….....…….........7
2.3TermsinComplimentsandtheResponsestoCompliments..............9
2.4TermsofEuphemismandTaboo......................................................13
Chapter3TheReasons,EffectsandStrategiesofDifferentExpression
BetweenChineseandEnglishonPoliteness………….…..18
3.1TheReasonsofDifferentExpressionBetweenChineseandEnglish
onPoliteness....................................................................................18
3.2TheInfluenceoftheDifferentExpressionBetweenChineseand
EnglishonPoliteness.......................................................................22
3.3TheStrategiestotheDifferentExpressionBetweenChineseand
EnglishonPoliteness.......................................................................24
Conclusion…………………….………………….………....….........…26
Bibliography…………………………………………………...............27
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Whenwecommunicatewithotherpeople,wehavetoobeyalotofrulesofmannerswhichhaverootedinourdailylife.Ifnot,therewouldappearmanymisunderstandings.Everynationhasitspoliteness.Peopleusedifferentpolitenesslanguageindifferentsituations.Andwecansaypolitenesslanguageplaysanimportantroleinourcommunicationwithpeoplearoundus.
Peoplefromdifferentcountriesmayhavedifferentmanners,thustheycouldencounterdifficultiesintheircommunication.Asthedevelopmentofourcountry,theinternationalismisbecomingmoreandmorerapidly.Weneedtocommunicatewithpeopleoftheworld.Buttheyhavetheirownattitudestowardsthingswhichmaybealittlebitdifferentortotallydifferentfromours.Ifwedonotunderstandtheculturesofthem,absolutely,wewillhavealotofdifficultiesinthisprocess.Sometimes,wearelikelytounderstandonethinginourownperspective.Today,abetterunderstandingofpeoplewhocomefromotherculturesisveryimportant.Especiallyinthecross-culturecommunication.ThisarticleiswrittentointroducethedifferentexpressionbetweenChineseandEnglishonpolitenessfromdifferentperspectives.
Chapter1
AComparativeAnalysisofPolitenessMaximsinEnglishandChinese
Inthepastdecades,researchersfocusedonthepolitenessprincipleasanimportantpragmaticprinciple.Thefunctionofpoliteness,asasocialphenomenon,ismaintainingsocialorder,reducingconflictsandmisunderstandingincommunications.Wecanmakeourbehaviorpolitewiththehelpofsomepolitenessmaxims,suchasCrice’sCooperativePrinciple,Leech’spolitenessprinciplesandGuYueguo’spolitenessprinciples.
1.1EnglishPolitenessMaxims
Amongtheprinciplesproposedbypragmaticiststoexplainthephenomenaintheuseoflanguageinconversation,Crice’sCooperativePrincipleisoneofthebasicones.ButLeechthinksthatitfailstoexplainallthephenomenainlanguageuse,especiallyfailstoexplainwhypeopletendtousemanyindirectspeechactstoviolateCooperativePrinciple,soheputsforwardthePolitenessPrinciple.Herearehissixpolitenessmaxims.
（1）TactMaxim:
Itmeansminimizecostandmaximizebenefittoothers.
（2）GenerosityMaxim:
Itmeansminimizebenefitandmaximizecosttoselfs.
（3）ApprobationMaxim:
Itmeansminimizedispraiseandmaximizepraiseofothers.
（4）ModestyMaxim:
Itmeansminimizepraiseandmaximizedispraiseofself.
（5）AgreementMaxim:
Itmeansminimizedisagreementbetweenselfandotherswhilemaximizeagreementbetweenselfandothers.
（6）SympathyMaxim:
Itmeansminimizeantipathybetweenselfandotherswhilemaximizesympathybetweenselfandother.
1.2ChinesePolitenessMaxims
InChina,therealstudyofpolitenessonlybeganinthe1980swhenpragmaticswasintroducedintoChina.ThemostimportantfigureinthisareaisGuYueguo.HeisastudentofLeechandcomesfromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity.OnthebasisofChineseculture,GuusedLeech’sprincipleofpolitenessforreferenceandsummedupfourfeaturesofChinesepoliteness,andlaterdevelopedthemintofivepolitenessmaximswhichhethinksaremoresuitabletotheChineseenvironment.Herearehisfivepolitenessmaxims.
（1）Self-denigrationMaxim:
Itmeansthatweshoulddenigrateourselvesandbemodestforthingsrelevanttous,whileweshouldliftandrespectlistenerswhenthingsrelevanttothem.
（2）Themaximofusingaddressterms:
Itmeansthatmutualsalutationshouldbereflectedintheinterpersonalrelationshipsaccordingtostatusoragesinordertobepolite.
（3）Elegantmaxim:
Itmeansthatelegantlanguageandwell-manneredbehaviorsareoftenregardedtobepoliteandeducated.Thebasicprincipleistochoosedecentwords,forbidusingbawdryandusemoretactfulandlessoutspokenwords.
（4）Themaximofseekingcommonground:
Itrelatestofaceproblem.Weshouldnoteeachother'sidentityandsocialstatusandrespecteachother's"face".
（5）Morality,wordsandbehaviors:
Onbehaviormotivationstominimizethepriceofothers,maximizethebenefitsofothers;inwordstoexaggeratethebenefitsofotherstotheirownandthecoststhattheypayaslittleaspossible.
Chapter2
TheMainPerformanceofDifferentExpressionBetweenChineseandEnglishonPoliteness
WecanseethattherearemanycommonpointsofpolitenessmaximsbetweenEnglishandChinesefromChapter1.Butonaccountofthedifferentcultureenvironment,itisunavoidablethattheydefinitelyhavedifferentexpressiononpoliteness.Sowewilldiscussthedifferentexpressioninthefollowingfouraspects.
2.1TermsofAddress
Asweallknow,addressingformsplayanimportantroleinourdailylifetoformingagoodrelationship.Peopleareallsensitivetothetermsofaddress,especiallyChinesepeople.Whenanaddressingformisappropriate,itcanhelpthespeakerstobeginagoodrelationship.Iftheaddressingformisinappropriateforthesituation,itwouldaffecttherelationship.Theconcreteaddressingformisdeterminedbysex,age,culture,belief,educationandthesociety.Chinesepeoplehavethedegreeconcept,kinshipconceptandfamilyconceptrootedintheirmind.SotheverysystematicaddressingformsdevelopedinChineselanguage.WhileEnglish-speakingpeoplearemostlyfromnucleusfamilies,andtheydon’thavethefamilymembershiplikeChinaastheirmembersonlyincludetwogenerations--parentsandchildren.Thiskindofreasonmakestheaddressingformsverydifferent.
Forexample,inChina,nomatterinformalsituationorinformalsituation,peopleareaccustomedtoaddressingsomeonewithhisorherprofessionaltitletoshowtherespect.Forthehighsocialstatuesperson,wesometimesaddressotherslike“ManageZhang”,“PresidentLei”and“TeacherLiu”.Andforthelowersocialstatuesperson，peopleliketouse“师傅”toaddresstheminordertobepolite.ButinEnglish,thingsareverydifferent.Peopleaddressotherswithprofessionaltitlesonlyinformalsituationsforthehighsocialstatuesperson,suchas“ProfessSmith”“PresidentJames”,buttheywouldneveraddressotherswith“ManageLily”or“TeacherHenry”.Whileininformalsituations,peoplewouldlikeotherstoaddressthembytheirfirstnametoshowtheintimacybetweenthespeakers,eventheprofessorsandpresidents.However,itwouldmakethesituationandrelationshipawkwa
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