研究生综合英语.docx

研究生综合英语.docx

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研究生综合英语

三一文库（XX）

〔研究生综合英语〕

　　*篇一：

研究生综合英语1修订版课文原文

　　Unit1AnImageoraMirage?

　　Thereisadistinctdifferencebetweenawinningimageandamirage.Amirageisanillusion,andinyourquestforawinningimage,youmustbecapableofidentifyingsuchmirages.

　　Oneofthecommonmisreadimagesstemsfromwhatpeoplethinkabouteyecontact.Howmanytimeshaveyouheard,“Youcantellhe’sanhonestmanbecausehelooksyoustraightintheeye.”Evidently,manypeoplemustbelievethatadishonestmanfeelssoashamedthathe’snottellingthetruththathecan’tevenfacethemdirectly.Butwhataboutanhonestindividualwhoistooshytolookstraightatyou?

Furthermore,agoodcanartistknowsthatmanypeoplejudgeintegritybythewayonelooksatthem,sohedeliberatelyincludeseyecontactinhisact.Becauseyoucan’tcountoneyecontactasaninfallibletest,youshouldneveruseittoevaluateanotherperson’shonesty.Nonetheless,sincemostpeopledojudgeothersbythiscriterion,besurethatyoualwayslookthemsquarelyintheeye.

　　Evaluatingaman’shonestybythewayhelooksatyoumakesnomoresensethanjudginghisintegritybythewayyourdogorcatreactstohim.Yethowmanytimeshaveyouheardadog’smastersay,“That’sinteresting—Thordoesn’ttaketostrangersveryoften.He’sagoodjudgeofhumannature,andthefactthathe’sfriendlywithyoutellsmesomegoodthingsaboutyou.”OncewhenIwasinthehomeofamprospect,hiscat,Tiger,tooksuchalikingtomethathesatonmyshoulderduringmyentiresalespresentation.WhenIwasfinished,myprospect’swifesaid,“Mr.Shook,Tigeronlydoesthatwithmembersofourimmediatefamily.Youmustbeaveryhonestpersonforhertobesofriendlytoyou.”

　　ThetruthofthematterwasthatIrefrainedfrompushingthecatoffbecauseIwasafraidshe’dripmysuitorscratchmyeyesout.However,Ireplied,“Yes,ma’am,Tigerobviouslyhassomekindofinstinctthatenableshertoaccuratelyjudgehumans.Shesureisagoodjudgeofcharacter.”EventhoughTigerhappenedtoberightinmycase,Ipersonallyputverylittlefaithinananimal’sinstinctualabilitytojudgepeople.I’dsayhisreactionshavemoretodowithodorsandbodymovement.

　　Somepeoplejudgeanotherpersonbythewayheorsheshakeshands.

　　Agood,stronggriprepresentscharacter,whilea“deadfish”handshake!

isabadsign.1,too,disliketheflabbyhandshakewithnolifetoit,butIamcarefulnotmtouseitasabasisforjudginganindividual.Again,it’stooeasyforaconartisttoputaheartyhandshakeintohisact.Thoughyoushouldgiveafirmhandshakesoyou’llimmediatelycreateagood

　　impression,don’tplacetoomuchweightonthenextfellow’sgrip;itdoesn’ttellyouanythingconcreteabouthim.

　　There’scertainclean-cutappearancethatcreatesanhonestimage.Forexample,ablond,blue-eyedyoungmanwithaboyishgrinandalookthattypifiestheboy-next-door,All-Americantype’willalmostalwaysinspireconfidenceinmothers.Thereisnologicalreasonforplacingsuchblindfaithinamansimplybecauseofthewayhelooks,yetmostpeopledomakesuchquickjudgments.Conversely,theseedymanwithdarkoilyskin,greasyblackhair,andamoustacheisnotconsideredhonest-looking.Similarly,awomanmayhavethemlookswhichareusuallyassociatedwiththoseofastreetwalker,whereasahigh-pricedcallgirlmaylookrefinedandrefreshing.Naturally,clothesand—inthecaseofwomen—cosmetics,haveagreatdealtodowithsuchaforementionedappearances,butunfortunatelyaperson’smnaturallooks,overwhichheorshehaslittlecontrol,playanimportantpartinthejudgmentsmostpeoplewillmake.Ipitythehard-working,honestsalesmanwhowasbornwiththelooksthatmakepeopleautomaticallythink,“He’snotthekindofmanI’dwanttobuyausedcarfrom!

”Ontheotherhand,averydeviousindividualmaylooklikethetypeyoucantrust.Howcanyoubesurethatthehitchhikerwholookssoclean-cutisanylessdangerousthantheonewho,becauseofhisappearance,lookslikearisk?

Andhowcanyoubesurethatthisonereallyisarisk?

Thepointisthatwearemostoftenbeingcompletelyueasonableinmakingsuchsnapdecisions.

　　Onalargerscale,votersoftenreactfavorablytoapoliticiansimplybecauseofhisclean-cutappearance.Hisopponentisoftenjudgednegativelybecausehehasnotbeenblessedwithnaturallooksthatgeneratetrust.Thiskindofjudgmentiserroneous,andtheconsequencescanproducedevastatingresults.Granted,manypeoplevoteforacandidatestrictlybecauseofpoliticalissues,buttheclean-cutimagecantipthescalesinfavorofthewrongmaninacloseelection.

　　Wemakesnapjudgmentsaboutpeopleonthebasisofhowtheyexpressthemselves.Toreverttopolitics,manyvotersjudgeacandidate’sabilitybythewayhemakesapublicspeech.Butthoughacandidatemaybeaneffectivespeaker,hemaynotbecapableofdoingthejobforwhichheisrunning.Iknowmanyhighlytalentedmenwhosimplyhavenotdevelopedanabilitytospeakwellinpublic,butwhoareexcellentincommunicatingwithothersonaone-to-onebasis.Theabilitytoexpressyourselfstronglyisalwaysimportant,butwearetoooftenwronglyimpressedbythemanwhocomesacrossaseloquent,sinceitisalwayspossiblethatthisvirtueisonly“skin-deep.”Yetitiseasytoimagineapoliticianwithaclean-cutlookandamagneticspeakingvoicerompingalloverhisunassumingbutbetterqualifiedopponent.Hewinssolelybecausehisimageisconvincing.

　　Aftermanyyearsofinterviewingandhiringsalesmen,Ihavereachedtheconclusionthatthemanwiththeglibtonguedoesn’tnecessarilybecomethetopproducer.Thoughthereisadefiniteadvantageinhavinga“natural”sellingpersonality,moreoftenthannotthesalesmanwithgoodworkinghabits,propermotivation,andcommitmentistheonewhobecomesthebestinhiscompany.Toooften,thesalesmanagerwhohiressalesmensimplybecauseoftheirextrovertedandflamboyantpersonalitieswillhaveahighturnover.

　　Anotherinfluencingfactoristheeffectproducedonthelistenerbythesoundofaname.Atsometimeoranother,we’veallbeenguiltyofhastilyforminganunwarrantedopinionwhenweheara“winningname”asopposedtoa“losing”one.Hollywoodrecognizedthisfactlongagowhenthestudiosbeganchangingthestars’realnames.OneofmyfavoritemovielinesisJamesBond’sresponsetoPussyGalore’,theheroineinthemovieGoldfinger.Meetingherforthefirsttime,hecanonlyexclaim,“Imustbedreaming!

”HadhernamebeenHarriettFinkelstein,theaudiencewouldneverhavebeenabletoappreciateoneofthescreen’sall-timegreatnames!

Yet,nomatterhowgreatanameis,usingitasacriterioninevaluatingcharacterisjustasillogicalasdeterminingaperson’svaluebyahandshake.

　　Thebeautiful,sexyredheadisn’talwaysthebestbedpartner,noristhebig,strongman,whomweusuallyexpecttobethehero,alwaysbraverthanthesmall,frailmanonthebattlefield.Likewise,thereisnosoundreasonforbelievingthattheout-of-townattorneyorconsultantisanymoreofanexpertthanthelocalman.Justbecauseyourdentisthastobookyousixmonthsinadvancedoesnotautomaticallymeanthathedoesthebestroot-canalwork.NorwilltheinsuranceagentwhodrivesaMercedes’necessarilygiveyoubetterservicethantheagentwhodrivesaFordsedan.Havingtogothroughamainswitchboard,areceptionist,andaprivatesecretarybeforeyougettospeakwithyourattorneyisnoindicationofhislegalabilities.Ialsohopeyoudon’twithdrawallyoursavingsfromFourthBankanddepositthemwithThirdBankjustbecausetheirnewhomeofficebuildingisseveralstoriestaller.Itisequallyueasonabletoassumethatahospital-cleanrestaurantservesthebestfood.True,allthesefactorsarenicewindowdressing,andtheyshouldn’tbecompletelyignored,butothermoreimportantfactorsmustbeconsideredbeforeyoumakeanyfinaldecisionsaboutthosewithwhomyou’lldobusiness.

　　Manyimagesareonlymiragesthatwehavebeenconditionedtoacceptastherealthing.Sodon’tbefooledthenexttimesomebodytellsyouthatTrumanBlueisagreatguybecauseofhiswonderfulsmile,thewayhelookspeoplestraightintheeyewhenhetalkstothem,hisfirmhandshake,andhisremarkablerapportwithpets!

　　PhrasesandExpressions

　　inquestfor:

tryingtofind;seeking

　　whatabout:

whatdoyouthinkabout（sth.）

　　stemfrom:

arisefrom;haveasitsoriginorcause

　　taketo:

starttolike

　　counton:

relyonwithconfidence

　　takealikingto:

befondof

　　havetodowithsb.（sth.）:

beconnectedwithorrelatedtosb.（sth.）tipthescales:

giveaslightadvantagetosb.orsth.

　　beblessedwithsb.（sth.）:

befortunateinhavingsb.（sth.）

　　revertto:

talkaboutagain;gobackto（aformersubjectofconversation）comeacross:

makeanimpressionofthespecifiedtype

　　moreoftenthannot:

veryfrequently

　　asopposedto:

incontrastto

　　Unit2IsLoveanArt?

　　Isloveanart?

Thenitrequiresknowledgeandeffort.Orisloveapleasantsensation,whichtoexperienceisamatterofchance,somethingone“fallsinto”ifoneislucky?

Thislittlebookisbasedontheformerpremise,whileundoubtedlythemajorityofpeopletodaybelieveinthelatter.

　　Notthatpeoplethinkthatloveisnotimportant.Theyarestarvedforit;theywatchendlessnumbersoffilmsabouthappyandunhappylovestories,theylistentohundredsoftrashysongsaboutlove—yethardlyanyonethinksthatthereisanythingthatneedstobelearnedaboutlove.Thispeculiarattitudeisbasedonseveralpremiseswhicheithersinglyorcombinedtendtoupholdit.Mostpeopleseetheproblemofloveprimarilyasthatofbeingloved,ratherthanthatofloving,ofone’scapacitytolove.Hencetheproblemtothemishowtobeloved,howtobelovable.Inpursuitofthisaimtheyfollowseveralpaths.One,whichisespeciallyusedbymen,istobesuccessful,tobeaspowerfulandrichasthesocialmarginofone’spositionpermits.Another,usedespeciallybywomen,istomakeoneselfattractive,bycultivatingone’sbody,dress,etc.Otherwaysofmakingoneselfattractive,usedbothbymenandwomen,aretodeveloppleasantmanners,interestingconversation,tobehelpful,modest,inoffensive.Manyofthewaystomakeoneselflovablearethesameasthoseusedtomakeoneselfsuccessful,“towinfriendsandinfluencepeople.”AsaEDmatteroffact,whatmostpeopleinourculturemeanbybeinglovableisessentiallyamixturebetweenbeingpopularandhavingsexappeal.

　　Asecondpremisebehindtheattitudethatthereisnothingtobelearnedaboutloveistheassumptionthattheproblemofloveistheproblemofanobject,nottheproblemofafaculty.Peoplethinkthattoloveissimple,butthattofindtherightobjecttolove—ortobeloved—isdifficult.Thisattitudehasseveralreasonsrootedinthedevelopmentofmodernsociety.Onereasonisthegreatchangewhichoccurredinthetwentiethcenturywithrespecttothechoiceofa“loveobject.”IntheVictorianage,asinmanytraditionalcultures,lovewasmostlynotaspontaneouspersonalexperiencewhichthenmightleadtomarriage.Onthecontrary,marriagewascontractedbyconventioneitherbythe

　　respectivefamilies,orbyamarriagebroker,orwithoutthehelpofsuchintermediaries;itwasconcludedonthebasisofsocialconsiderations,andlovewassupposedtodeveloponcethemarriagehadbeenconcluded.InthelastfewgenerationstheconceptofromanticlovehasbecomealmostuniversalintheWesternworld.IntheUnited

　　*篇二：

研究生综合英语1（翻译+答案）

　　UnitOneAnImageoraMirage

　　III.Vocabulary

　　A.