英语四级作文指南.docx
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英语四级作文指南
四级作文指南
一、评分原则
6分最低限，只要结构不出错，得分应该为9分。
四级考试作文主要看内容、结构、语言三个方面。
内容不跑题即可，注意：
1.不要妄图以情动人；2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。
结构上牢记总分总：
先写主题句（TopicSentence），再写分论点，最后写总结句（Conclusion）。
语言最重要，往往使评分产生重大差异，语言要模仿和包装。
二、必备最常用基本表达举例:
人们认为：
itisgenerally/widelybelieved/held/agreedthat
越来越：
beincreasingly+adj.,beontherise,thegrowingnumberof
三、万能理由（Omnipotence）
1.方便：
convenient/convenience
2.效率：
efficient/efficiently/efficiency
3.节省和浪费：
savetime/money/space;economical,thrift/wastetime/money/space;costly,lavish
4.人的心理健康：
independent,cooperative,competitive,considerate,confident,creative,sociable,perseverance;selfish,isolated,conservative
5.人的身体健康：
health,disease,strong,strength,energetic
6.娱乐：
colorful,pleasure,joy,recreation,entertainment,relax,tired,boring,lonely
7.环境：
environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty
8.安全和危险：
safe,danger,risk
9.经验：
experience,socialexperience,enterthesociety
10.人际：
humane,fair,unfair,help,assist,freedom,freely
四、写完之后修改注意：
（内容方面尽量不要修改）
1.字母大小写2.怪符号3.单词拼写4.主谓一致5.动词时态6.名词单复数
五、复习（self-studyProgram）注意：
1、体会用词艺术和丰富的句式
2、记忆写作万能理由和基本表达
评分实例
题目：
Bicycles――AnImportantMeansofTransportinChina
提纲：
（1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及
（2）和汽车的比较
（3）自行车在中国的前途
Score:
8
BicycleisanimportantmeansoftransportinChina.TheimportantreasonofitistheeconomyofChinese.TheuseofbicycleinChinaiswidelybecausepeopleinChinahavenothighwage.Theycanonlyaffordabicycle,andtheyhavenomoneytobuyacarwhichistooexpensive.SoChineseusuallybuyabicycle,anduseittogotowork,orgototravelandsoon.TheotherreasonisthelargepopulationofChina.Allthesemadethebicyclebecometheimportantmeansoftransport.
Thebicycle,comparedtothecar,isnottooexpensiveanditiseasytolearnandtouseanditcansavethesurfaceofputtingit.Itdoesn’tasktobuildthegaragelikecar.ThispointisveryimportanttoChina,becauseofthelackofland.Itisn’ttooexpensive,soChinesecanaffordit.Itdoesn’tneedanyoil,anditcan’tcausethepolusion.Allofthesearethegoodneedscomparedtothecar.
Inthefuture,bicyclewillbewidelyused.Anditwillbeingooddemand.Peoplewillproducemuchmoremodernbicycles.
Score:
14
BicyclesareverypopularinChina.Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles.Duringtherushhour,youcanseethatthousandsofpeople--manandwoman,oldandyoung--ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy.ThatiswhyChinaiscalled“thekingdomofbicycles”.
注：
1.第一句总写，第二句和第三句分写，最后总写。
2.Duringtherushhour状语开头。
3.破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。
Comparedwithcars,bicyclesaresuperiorinmanyways.First,theyarecheap,convenientandeasytoride.Second,ridingbicycleisgoodforhealth.Third,theybringnonoisenorairpollution.Thoughcarsarefasterandmorecomfortable,theyaretooexpensive.Theyconsumeplentyofoilandtheypollutetheair.Sometimes,itisdifficultforadrivertoparkhiscar.Moreovertheyoftencausetrafficjamsandaccidents.
注：
1.Comparedwithcars分词结构开头。
2.besuperiorto/beinferiorto优于/低于
3.first,second,third英语语言有层次感，信号词
4.cheap便宜，最好用inexpensive
5.begoodforhealth对健康有好处（万能理由）
6.Moreover表示递进
Inmyopinion,thefutureofbicycleisverypromising.SinceChinaisadevelopingcountryandhasalargepopulation,Ithink,ridingbicycleisappropriatetoChinesepresentconditions.Itwillbeanimportantmeansoftransportationforquitealongtime.
注：
promising有前途的apromisingyoungman
Score:
11
Theremillionsofbicyclesintoday’sChina.Bicyclesareveryimportantmeansoftransportinpeople’sdailylives.Becausetorideabicycleisverysimple,tobuyabicyclewillnotcostsomuchmoney,toparkabicycleneedsjustasmallroomandtorideabicycledoesnotneedoilbuttherider’sstrength,bicyclesarepopularallovertheworld,especiallyinChina.
注：
第一句应该用therebe结构
Comparedwithacar,abicycleismuchcheaper.ItismoresuitableforChinaasadevelopingcountry.Andabicyclehasalmostcausednopollutionbutacarhas.Onthecontrary,abicycleistooslow,itcostsmoretimesthanacar.
IthinkthepopulationofChina’sbicyclewillbekeptforthelongrun.Becauseitwillbereplacedbyacar,abusandsooninsomedevelopedareasinChina,anditwillbemadeawideuseinthedevelopingareasinChina,thenumberofbicyclesinChinawillbethesameastodaybutIbelievethatit’squalitywillbeimproved.
六、题型写作结构
题型总结：
对比观点选择题：
4段
社会热点话题：
3段
图表题
书信题
格言题
描写叙述题
I、对比观点选择题：
1.有人认为……；2.另外一些人认为……；3.谈谈你的观点和看法。
（最好写成4段）
实例99年6月真题ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?
Outline:
1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的想法
Score:
8分
Somepeoplethinkreadingshallbechosen.Becausesomebooksaregoodtohumanbeingsandsomebooksareharmfultopeople.
Somepeoplethinkthatmenshouldreadbookswidely.Becausewidereadingcanhelpmangetmuchknowledge.Andmancanuseittochangetheworld.
Itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.Becausereadingisimportanttoman.Somebookscanhelpmanbutsomebookscanleadsomepeopletocrime.ItcanbeseeninthenewspapersandwatchedonTV.Wecanmakefulluseofsomegoodbooksandgainmoreusefulknowledge.Itcanmakeourlifemorebeautiful.Wemustgiveupthoseunhelpfulbooks.Theyarenotgoodtous.Readingthemiswastingtimeandmoney.Soreadingselectivelyisanimportantpartinreading.
失分原因：
结构失调，表述方式单一
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：
（启）ParagraphI：
（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；
（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。
Score:
14分
Howshouldweread?
Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?
Everyonehashisownview.（启）
注：
第一句提出问题，第二句提出两种见解
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：
（承）ParagraphII：
（1）提出一种观点或优点；
（2）本段的支持性分论点；（3）本段总结（可以省略）。
Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What’smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn’treadthem.Sincewecan’treadallthebooksandweshouldn’treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.（承）
注：
1.本段总分总结构
2.theyarguethat=theythinkthat
3.withthedevelopmentof...随着……的发展
4.what'smore递进关系=moreover
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：
（转）ParagraphIII：
（1）承上启下的过渡句；
（2）提出另一种观点或缺点；（3）本段的支持性分论点（4）本段总（可以省略）。
Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.（转）
注：
1.But转折词（信号词）
2.theyemphasizethat=theythinkthat
3.today'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas现代社会今昔非比
4.许多知识awiderangeofknowledge/alargescopeofknowledge/muchknowledge；获取知识acquire/getknowledge
5.knowsnothing→little；hemaybeuseless→hemaynotbeofgreatusetothesociety后者比前者更委婉
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：
（合）ParagraphIV：
（1）平衡两种看法；
（2）给出自己的观点。
Who’sright?
Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.（合）
Score:
11分
Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethinkthatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeotherpeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthatreadingextensivelyisbetter.
注：
结构非常好，可以套用。
Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureandknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadustothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshouldonlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadbooks.
注：
1.“people,who...,”应去掉逗号，改为限制性定语从句。
2.asmanyasbadbooks改为asmanyasbadones
3.leadustothewrongway改为leadsb.astray
4.theysuggestthat=theythinkthat
5.touch碰（闪光点词汇：
再如shoulderingtheresponsibilityofdoingsth.肩负起责任）
But,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreadingextensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscanonlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebestbookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,theycaneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,toreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreadingextensivelyisbetter.
注：
1.hold认为同样表示“think”的词还有argue,emphasize,believe,suggest,claim,insist,maintain,agree,hold
2.thebestbook在西方国家是“圣经”的意思
3.toknowmore,toreadmore错误，中式英语
Tomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbookstoreadandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.Bythisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityofreading.
例文PrivateCars
1）写成4段的首段写法：
①Inrecentyears,withfasteconomicgrowth,privatecarshaveappearedinmanyfamiliesinChina.People'sattitudetowardprivatecarsvarieswidely.
②Withtheincreaseinthegeneralstandardofliving,someordinaryChinesefamiliesbegintoaffordaprivatecar.Yet,people'sopinionsofprivatecarsvaryfrompersontoperson/publicattitudetowarditvariesgreatly/widely./isquiteofthecontrary./differssharply.
③Inrecentfewyears,thephenomenon/issue/problemofowningaprivatecarhasbeenbroughttopublicattention/inthelimelight.People'sviewson/opinionsofowingaprivatecarvarywidely.
写成3段的首段写法：
Withthedevelopmentofmodernsociety/scienceandtechnology,/Withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandard,moreandmorepeoplecanownprivatecars./carsareenteringordinaryfamilies./thegrowingnumberofpeople/peopleineverincreasingnumberscanhaveaccesstoprivatecars.（此句是引言）
2）支持段的主题句：
Somepeopleclaimthat/Asispointedoutthat/Itisgenerallybelievedthat/Itiswidelyacceptedthat,therearesomeadvantagesofowningaprivatecar.
/Thereisnodoubtthatprivatecarsbenefitpeoplehugely.
支持段的分论点：
升级会员 