陕西省西安市高考英语阅读理解和短文改错暑假选练6.docx

陕西省西安市高考英语阅读理解和短文改错暑假选练6.docx

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陕西省西安市高考英语阅读理解和短文改错暑假选练6

陕西省西安市2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错暑假选练6

阅读理解。

Feelingblueabouttheworld?

“Cheerup，”sayssciencewriterMattRidley.“Theworldhasneverbeenabetterplacetolivein，anditwillkeepongettingbetterbothforhumansandfornature.”

Ridleycallshimselfarationaloptimist—rational，becausehe'scarefullyweighedtheevidenceoptimistic，becausethatevidenceshowshumanprogresstobebothunavoidableandgood.Andthisiswhathe'ssetouttoprovefromauniquepointofviewinhismostrecentbookTheRationalOptimist.Heviewsmankindasagrandenterprisethat，onthewhole，hasdonelittlebutprogressfor100,000years.Hebackshisfindingswithhardfactsgatheredthroughyearsofresearch.

Here'showheexplainshisviews.

1）Shoppingfuelsinvention

ItisreportedthattherearemorethantenbilliondifferentproductsforsaleinLondonalone.Evenallowingforthemanypeoplewhostillliveinpoverty，ourowngenerationhasaccesstomorenutritiousfood，moreconvenienttransport，biggerhouses，bettercars，andofcourse，morepoundsanddollarsthananywholivedbeforeus.Thiswillcontinueaslongasweusethesethingstomakeotherthings.Themorewespecializeandexchange，thebetteroffwe'llbe.

2）Brilliantadvances

Onereasonwearericher，healthier，taller，cleverer，longerlivedandfreerthaneverbeforeisthatthefourmostbasichumanneeds—food，clothing，fuelandshelter—havegrownalotcheaper.Takeoneexample.In1800acandleprovidingonehour'slightcostsixhours'work.Inthe1880sthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes'worktopayfor.In1950itwaseightseconds.Todayit'shalfsecond.

3）Let'snotkillourselvesforclimatechange

Mitigating（减轻）climatechangecouldprovejustasdamagingtohumanwelfareasclimatechangeitself.Achildthatdiesfromindoorsmokeinavillage，wheretheuseoffassilfuel（化石燃料）electricityisforbiddenbywellmeaningmembersofgreenpoliticalmovementstryingtosavetheworld，isjustasgreatatragedyasachildthatdiesinafloodcausedbyclimatechange.Ifclimaicchangeprovestobemild，butcuttingcarboncausesrealpain，wemaywellfindthatwehavestoppedanosebleedbyputtingatourniquet（止血带）aroundournecks.

人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。

在《理性的乐观主义者》一书中，作者阐述了自己对于生活中的乐观现象，并且对于购物这样普通的日常行为所带来的积极影响都做了详尽的分析和描述。

1．WhatisthethemeofRidley'smostrecentbook?

A．Weaknessofhumannature.B．Concernaboutclimatechange.

C．Importanceofpracticalthinking.D．Optimismabouthumanprogress.

答案：

D。

理解判断题。

从第二段的前两句话中，反复提到一个关键词“optimistic”以及信息句“becausethatevidenceshows...”；另外，“thisiswhathe'ssetouttoprove...”一句也正好清楚的表明了作者在本书中所以阐述的正是这个话题，正是与选项D的说法是一致的，即：

人类的进步总是不可避免的。

2．HowdoesRidleylookatshopping?

A．Itencouragesthecreationofthings.B．Itresultsinshortageofgoods.

C．Itdemandsmorefossilfuels.D．Itcausesapovertyproblem.

答案：

A。

细节判断题。

从“Shoppingfuelsinvention”一段正是反映了Ridley的观点：

购物能够激发创造发明。

选项A与之相吻合。

3．Thecandleandlampexampleisusedtoshowthat________.

A．oillampsgiveoffmorelightthancandles

B．shorteningworkingtimebringsaboutahappierlife

C．advancedtechnologyhelpstoproducebettercandles

D．increasedproductionrateleadstolowercostofgoods

答案：

D。

细节判断题。

根据Brilliantadvances一段中的“Takeoneexample”一句很明显的确定为：

作者拿蜡烛与灯的比较与变化正是为了前面他所提到的看法，故与选项D的说法是一致的。

4．Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply?

A．Cuttingcarbonisnecessaryinspiteofthehugecost.

B．Overreactiontoclimatechangemaybedangerous.

C．People'shealthiscloselyrelatedtoclimatechange.

D．Carelessmedicaltreatmentmaycausegreatpain.

答案：

B。

推理判断题。

根据最后一句话中的“cuttingcarboncausesrealpain”可以排除选项A与C的说法，因为它们大相径庭；而根据“putting...aroundournecks”一句可以表明选项D中“careless”一词运用不当，是不符合语境的。

故只有选项B是最正确的。

阅读理解。

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

Evenbeforemyfatherleftus,mymotherhadtogobacktoworktosupportourfamily.OnceIcameoutofthekitchen,complaining,“Mom,Ican’tpeelpotatoes.Ihaveonlyonehand.”

Momneverlookedupfromsewing.“Yougetyourselfintothatkitchenandpeelthosepotatoes,”shetoldme.“Anddon’teverusethatasanexcuseforanythingagain!

”

Inthesecondgrade,ourteacherlinedupmyclassontheplaygroundandhadeachofusraceacrossthemonkeybars,swingingfromonehighsteelrodtothenext.Whenitwasmyturn,Ishookmyhead.Somekidsbehindmelaughed,andIwenthomecrying.

ThatnightItoldMomaboutit.Shehuggedme,andIsawher“we’llseeaboutthat”look.Thenextafternoon,shetookmebacktoschool.Atthedesertedplayground,Momlookedcarefullyatthebars.

“Now,pullupwithyourrightarm,”sheadvised.ShestoodbyasIstruggledtoliftmyselfwithmyrighthanduntilIcouldhookthebarwithmyotherelbow.Dayafterdaywepracticed,andshepraisedmeforeveryrungIreached.I’llneverforgetthenexttime,crossingtherungs,Ilookeddownatthekidswhowerestandingwiththeirmouthsopen.

Onenight,afteradanceatmynewjuniorhigh,Ilayinbedsobbing.IcouldhearMomcomeintomyroom.“Mom,”Isaid,weeping,“noneoftheboyswoulddancewithme.”

Foralongtime,Ididn’thearanything.Thenshesaid,“Oh,honey,somedayyou’llbebeatingthoseboysoffwithabat.”Hervoicewasfaintandcracking.Ipeekedoutfrommycoverstoseetearsrunningdownhercheeks.ThenIknewhowmuchshesufferedonmybehalf.Shehadneverletmeseehertears.

1.WhichofthefollowingexpressionscanbeusedmostsuitablytodescribeMom’sattitudewhenshemadethechildtopeelpotatoes?

A.Cruel.B.Serious.C.Strict.D.Cold.

2.Fromthepassage,weknowmonkeybarscanhelpachildtrain______.

A.theskilltothrowandcatchthings

B.thespeedofone’shandmovement

C.thestrengthandskilltohangandsway

D.thebodilyskilltorotateroundabar

3.Whatdoesthesentence“Isawher‘we’llseeaboutthat’look”imply?

A.Mombelievedeveryaimcouldbeachievedifyoustucktoit.

B.Theraceacrossmonkeybarswasnotdifficultenoughforachildtogiveup.

C.Momwasdeterminedtoprovesheherselfwasbetterthantheteacher.

D.WhatthechildhadsaidbroughtMomgreatattractionandcuriosity.

4.Whenthechildlookeddownatthekids,theywerestandingwiththeirmouthsopenbecause______.

A.theyfeltsorryforwhattheyhaddonebefore

B.theywereafraidtheauthormightfalloffandgethurt

C.theywantedtoseewhattheauthorwoulddoonthebars

D.theywereastonishedtofindtheauthor’sprogress

5.Themostprobableconclusionwecandrawafterreadingthepassageis______.

A.thelastincidentwassadenoughtomakeMomweep

B.thechild’sexperienceremindedMomofthatofherown

C.Momcouldsolveanyproblemexcepttheoneinthelastparagraph

D.infactMomsufferedmoreintheprocessofthechild’sgrowth

文章讲的是一位母亲是如何帮助自己缺一只手的儿子解决成长中的问题。

1.C。

推理判断题。

从他妈妈的话Anddon’teverusethatasanexcuseforanythingagain可知他妈妈对他要求很严，即答案选C。

2.C。

推理判断题。

从hadeachofusraceacrossthemonkeybars,swingingfromonehighsteelrodtothenext可知答案C正确。

3.A。

推理判断题。

第二天妈妈带我去学校帮助我练习monkeybars，可推知妈妈是个很有恒心的人，故答案选A。

4.D。

推理判断题。

从I’llneverforgetthenexttime,crossingtherungs,Ilookeddownatthekidswhowerestandingwiththeirmouthsopen可知同学们对我的表现都很吃惊，即答案选D。

5.D。

推理判断题。

从ThenIknewhowmuchshesufferedonmybehalf.Shehadneverletmeseehertears可知对于我的成长中的痛苦妈妈比我承受得还要多，即答案选D。

【由上海市闵行区2014质量调研考试改编】

阅读理解。

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Forthemostpart,itseems,workersinrichcountrieshavelittletofearfromglobalization,andalottogain.Butisthesamethingtrueforworkersinpoorcountries?

Theansweristhattheyareevenmorelikelythantheirrich-countrycounterparts（地位相当的人）tobenefit,becausetheyhavelesstoloseandmoretogain.

Traditionaleconomicstakesanoptimisticlineonintegration（整合）andthedevelopingcountries.Opennesstoforeigntradeandinvestmentshouldencouragecapitaltoflowtopooreconomies.Inthedevelopingworld,capitalisscarce,sothereturnsoninvestmentthereshouldbehigherthanintheindustrializedcountries,wherethebestopportunitiestomakemoneybyaddingcapitaltolabourhavealreadybeenusedup.Ifpoorcountrieslowertheirbarrierstotradeandinvestment,thetheorygoes,richforeignerswillwanttosendoversomeoftheircapital.

Ifthisinflowofresourcesarrivesintheformofloansorportfolioinvestment（组合投资）,itwilltopupdomesticsavingsandloosenthefinancialrestrictiononadditionalinvestmentbylocalcompanies.Ifitarrivesintheformofnewforeign-controlledoperations,FDI,somuchthebetter:

thiskindofcapitalbringstechnologyandskillsfromabroadpackagedalongwithit,withlessfinancialriskaswell.Ineithercase,theadditiontoinvestmentoughttopushincomesup,partlybyraisingthedemandforlabourandpartlybymakinglabourmoreproductive.

ThisiswhyworkersinFDI-receivingcountriesshouldbeinanevenbetterpositiontoprofitfromintegrationthanworkersinFDI-sendingcountries.Also,withorwithoutinflowsofforeigncapital,thesamegainsfromtradeshouldapplyindevelopingcountriesasinrichones.Thisgainsfromtradelogicoftenarousessuspicion,becausethebenefitsseemtocomefromnowhere.Surelyonesideortheothermustlose.Notso.Thebenefitsthatarichcountrygetsthroughtradedonotcomeattheexpenseofitspoorcountrytradingpartners,orviceversa.Recallthataccordingtothetheory,tradeisapositivesumgame.Inallthesetrades,bothsides—exportersandimporters,borrower