一模前任务型阅读专题练04解析版.docx
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一模前任务型阅读专题练04解析版
一模前任务型阅读专题练04
题组一
Keepingitinthefamily
Thiscanbepainful.Notsharingyourfirstlanguagewithlovedonesishard.Notpassingitontoyourownchildcanbeespeciallytough.Manyimmigrant(移民)parentsfeelasenseoffailure;theysharestoriesonparentingforumsandsocialmedia,hopingtofindthesecrettoraisingbilingual(双语的)childrensuccessfully.Childrenaregoodatlearninglanguagesbutthisdoesn’tmeanthatroughexposureisenough.Theymusthearalanguagequiteabittounderstandit—anduseitoftentobeabletospeakitcomfortably.Thisismentalwork,andachildwhodoesn’thaveamotivationtospeakalanguagewilloftenavoidit.Children’sbrainsarealreadybusyenough.Solanguagesoftenfadeawayanddiewhenparentsmoveabroad.
Inthepast,governmentsdiscouragedimmigrantfamiliesfromkeepingtheirlanguages.FormerPresidentRooseveltworriedthatAmericawouldbecomea“multi-lingualboarding-house”.Thesedays,officialstendtogetinvolvedless;someevenseeavaluableresourceinimmigrants’languageabilities.Yetmanyfactorscombinetoensurethatchildrenstilllosetheirparents’languages,orneverlearnthem.Abigoneisinstitutionalpressure.Achild’stimespentwithasecondlanguageistimenotspentontheirfirst.Soteachersoftendiscourageparentsfromspeakingtheirlanguagestotheirchildren.Parentsoftenunwillinglyagree,worriedabouttheirchildren’seducation.
Thisisashame;childrenreallycanmastertwolanguagesorevenmore.Researchdoesindeedsuggesttheirvocabularyineachlanguagemaybesomewhatsmallerforawhile.Butotherstudiesshowcognitive(认知的)advantagesamongbilinguals.Theymaybebetteratcomplextasks,betteratpayingattention,andsuffertheattackofAlzheimer’sdiseaselater.
Evenwithoutthoseside-effects,though,abilingualchild’sconnectiontorelativesandanothercultureisagoodthinginitself.Howtobringitabout?
Whenbothparentsspeakthesameheritagelanguage,thestrategyisoftentospeakthatathome,andthenationallanguageoutside.Butwhentheyhavedifferentlanguages,perhapsthemostcommonapproachis“oneparent,onelanguage”.
FrançoisGrosjean,anexpertinforeignlanguagesattheUniversityofNeuchâtelinSwitzerland,emphasizesnecessity.Herecommendsreservingoccasionsonwhichtheonlylanguagethatmaybespokenistheonethatneedssupport.
SabineLittle,anexpertinforeignlanguagesattheUniversityofSheffield,putstheemphasiselsewhere.Makingtheheritagelanguageyetanothertaskforcedbyparentscanleadtorejection,sheargues.Sherecommendslettingthechilddeveloptheirownemotionalconnectiontothelanguage.Shesuggestslearningthroughappsandentertainmentmadefornativespeakers.
Languagesareanimportantpartofidentity;itispainfultotryandfailtopassthemontoachild.Successmaybeaquestionofrememberingthattheyarenotjustanotherthingtobedrilledintoayoungmind,butamatteroftheheart.
Theproblem
Immigrantparentsfeelasenseoffailurebecauseofthe(71)▲oftheirnativelanguagesamongtheirchildren.
Causesof
theproblem
◆Immigrantchildren:
littleexposureaswellas(72)▲ofmotivations.
◆Governments:
toomuchinvolvementina(n)(73)▲toencourageasinglelanguagenation.
◆Teachers:
discouragementofbilinguallearningdespiteparents’(74)▲toagree
Benefitsofbeingbilingual
◆Betterhandlecomplextasks,betterkeep(75)▲,anddevelopAlzheimeratalaterage.
◆Enablechildrentobe(76)▲torelativesandadifferentculture.
Solutionsto
theproblem
◆Adoptdifferent(77)▲ortheheritagelanguagepracticeaccordingtofamilylanguagebackgrounds.
◆Givemoresupporttothelanguageata(78)▲.
◆Developemotionalconnectiontothelanguage.
◆Learnthroughappsandentertainment(79)▲atthenativespeakers.
Conclusion
Immigrantparentsshould(80)▲inmindthatlearninglanguagesisamatteroftheheart.
阅读表格我们可以得出以下有助于我们快速解题的有用信息:
①文章的标题:
Keepingitinthefamily(把它留在家里)
②栏目有五块。
注意:
73题提醒我们注意:
这里有可能是介词in+a(n)+名词的介词短语;
76题提醒我们注意:
这里有可能是be+过去分词或形容词+to的短语。
78题提醒我们注意:
这里有可能是at+a+名词的介词短语。
79题提醒我们注意:
这里有可能是动词+at的动词短语。
80题提醒我们注意:
这里有可能是动词+…+inmind的动词短语。
③结合表格给出的框架浏览全文,我们可以快速得出短文的大体内容:
短文介绍了很多移民家庭中
父母的母语无法传给孩子,逐渐消失这一现象并分析了原因、提出了解决办法。
这是一篇说明
文。
接着浏览全文,把握文章脉络;对照表格,迅速定位,比照阅读,斟酌答案:
71.【答案】loss/disappearance/fading
【解析】信息概括题。
根据第一段“Notsharingyourfirstlanguagewithlovedonesishard.Notpassingitontoyourownchildcanbeespeciallytough.”可知,不与你爱的人分享你的母语是很难的,不把它传给你自己的孩子可能特别困难,很多移民父母因为他们的孩子失去了母语而感到失败,故填loss/disappearance/fading。
72.【答案】lack/absence
【解析】信息转换题。
根据第一段“andachildwhodoesn’thaveamotivationtospeakalanguagewilloftenavoidit.”可知,而一个孩子如果没有说一种语言的动力,他就会经常避免说它,也就是说移民的孩子缺乏说母语的动力,故填lack/absence。
73.【答案】attempt/effort/bid
【解析】信息转换题。
根据第二段首句“Inthepast,governmentsdiscouragedimmigrantfamiliesfromkeepingtheirlanguages.”可知,过去,政府不鼓励移民家庭保留他们的语言,也就是说政府努力鼓励移民家庭说一种语言,attempt/effort/bid表示“努力”,故填attempt/effort/bid。
74.【答案】unwillingness/reluctance
【解析】信息转换题。
根据第二段末句“Parentsoftenunwillinglyagree.”可知,父母往往不情愿地同意,故填unwillingness/reluctance。
75.【答案】concentrated/focused
【解析】信息转换题。
根据第三段末句中“betteratpayingattention”可知,使用双语能让人更好地集中注意力,故填concentrated/focused。
76.【答案】connected
【解析】信息转换题。
根据第四段首句中的“abilingualchild’sconnectiontorelatives”可知,使用双语能够让孩子与亲人和不同的文化紧密相连,beconnectedto表示“与……相联系”,故填connected。
77.【答案】strategies
【解析】信息转换题。
根据第四段中“Howtobringitabout?
Whenbothparentsspeakthesameheritagelanguage,thestrategyisoften...”可知,根据家庭语言背景采取不同的策略,different修饰可数名词复数,故填strategies。
78.【答案】disadvantage
【解析】信息概括题。
根据第四段“Herecommendsreservingoccasionsonwhichtheonlylanguagethatmaybespokenistheonethatneedssupport.”可知,他建议保留一些场合,在这些场合中,唯一可能使用的语言是需要支持的,同义转换到atadisadvantage(处于不利地位,处于不利情况之下),故填disadvantage。
79.【答案】aimed/targeted
【解析】信息转换题。
根据第六段最后一句“Shesuggestslearningthroughappsandentertainmentmadefornativespeakers.”可知,她建议通过为说母语的人设计的应用程序和娱乐来学习,同义转换到词组beaimed/targetedat(以……为目标),此处去掉be作后置定语,故填aimed/targeted。
80.【答案】keep/bear
【解析】信息转换题。
根据最后一段“Successmaybeaquestionofrememberingthattheyarenotjustanotherthingtobedrilledintoayoungmind,butamatteroftheheart.”可知,要记住它们不仅仅是另一件需要灌输给年轻人的东西,而是一件关乎内心的事情,同义转换到词组keep/bearsth.inmind(记住),故填keep/bear。
题组二
Whytheyouthsenseangerinfaces
Wetendtobelievethatolderpeoplearemorepositiveandyoungerpeoplearemoresensitivetosocialcues(暗示).
Recentlyscientistsinvestigatedthisideabytesting10,000menandwomen.Theywantedtoseeifageaffectedaperson’sabilitytoidentifyfacialemotions,suchasfearandanger.
TheresearchersfromMcLeanHospitalintheUSusedaWeb-basedplatformtocollecthappinessdata.Itshowedtheparticipantstwoheadshots(头部特写)ofrandompeople.Theywerethenaskedtoidentifywhichsubjectwasangrier,happier,ormorefearful.
Theresearchfoundthatyoungerpeoplewereabletobetteridentifyangryandfearfulfacialcuesthanolderpeople.
"Fromstudiesandanecdotalevidence,weknowthattheeverydayexperiencesofanadolescentaredifferentfromanolderperson,butwewantedtounderstandhowtheseexperiencesmightbelinkedwithdifferencesinbasicemotionunderstanding,wroteLauraGermine,thestudy’sseniorauthor.
Butwhatisitthatmakesyoungpeoplemoresensitive?
“Thisistheexactagewhenyoungpeoplearemostsensitivetoformsofnegativesocialcues,suchasbullying,”LaurenRutter,thestudy’sleadauthor,toldScienceDaily."Thenormaldevelopmentofangersensitivitycancontributetosomeofthechallengesthatariseduringthisphaseofdevelopment.
Onthecontrary,acrossthewhole10,000-personsurvey,researchersfoundnodeclineintheperception(感知)ofhappinessamongolderparticipants.
“What’sremarkableisthatweseedeclinesinmanyvisualperceptualabilitiesaswegetolder,butherewedidnotseesuchdeclinesintheperceptionofhappiness,GerminetoldNeuroScienceNews.
Sheaddedthatthesefindingsfitwellwithotherresearches,showingthatolderadultstendtohavemorepositiveemotionsandapositiveoutlook.
Followingthepaper’srelease,RuttertoldNeuroScienceNewsthatgatheringtheirprimaryresearchonlineallowedtheteamtoresearchintoa"muchlargerandmorediversesampleset”thanpreviousstudies.
Title:
Whytheyouthsenseangerinfaces
Purposeoftheresearch
Theidea(71)▲whetherageaffectspeople’sabilitytoidentifyfacial
emotions.
Processoftheresearch
Theresearchers(72)▲happinessdataonaweb-basedplatform.
Two(73)▲headshotswereshowntotheparticipants.
Participantswereaskedtoidentifythemore(74)▲subject.
(75)▲oftheresearch
Youngerpeopleare(76)▲atidentifyingnegativesocialcues.
Adolescenceistheexactagewhenangersensitivityreachesits(77)▲.
Perceptionofhappinessisn’tonthe(78)▲withage.
Self-assessmentoftheresearch
Whattheresearchproves(79)▲withotherresearches.
Incomparisonwithpreviousstudies,thesamplesetoftheresearchissuperiorinitssizeand(80)▲.
阅读表格我们可以得出以下有助于我们快速解题的有用信息:
①文章的标题:
Whytheyouthsenseangerinfaces(为什么年轻人让人感觉到脸上容易表现出愤怒)
②栏目有四块:
75题为信息概括题。
注意:
根据右栏可以试填出75题的答案:
Results;
79题提醒我们注意:
这里有可能是动词+with的动词短语。
③结合表格给出的框架浏览全文,我们可以快速得出短文的大体内容:
科学家们在网络上展开调查,
收集1000个人识别面部表情的信息,结果显示的确年轻人比老人更容易识别出生气、害怕这样的表
情,但是识别幸福的表情时相差不大。
这与其它一些科学家的发现一致。
老人更容易有积极情绪和
乐观看法。
这是一篇说明文。
接着浏览全文,把握文章脉络;对照表格,迅速定位,比照阅读,斟酌答案:
71.【答案】investigated
【解析】(表面看似信息查找题,而实际上是)信息转换题。
由第二段中的“Recentlyscientistsinvestigatedthisideabytesting10,000menandwomen.Theywantedtoseeifageaffectedaperson’sabilitytoidentifyfacialemotions,suchasfearandanger.”可知,最近科学家们通过测试1000名男人和女人研究了这个想法。
他们想看看是否年龄会影响一个人辨别害怕、生气等这样的面部表情的能力。
“investigate”是一个及物动词,可以直接