高级英语第二册第十一课学习辅导资料.docx

高级英语第二册第十一课学习辅导资料.docx

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高级英语第二册第十一课学习辅导资料

　　1TowriteabouttheEnglishinstandardandcosmopolitanpoliticalterms,the

usualLeft-Centre-Rightstuff,isalmostalwayswastingtimeandtrouble.TheEnglish

aredifferent.TheEnglishareevenmoredifferentthantheythinktheyare,thoughnot

moredifferentthantheyfeeltheyare.Andwhattheyfeel—Englishnessagain-is

moreimportantthanwhattheythink.Itisinstinctivefeelingandnotrationalthought

thatshapesandcoloursactualeventsinEngland.

2Forexample,althoughtheEnglishseemtobesosharplydivided,always

indulginginplentyofloudpoliticalabuse,therearenothinglikesomanyCommunists

orneo-orpotentialFascistsinEnglandasthereareinmostothercountries.Again,

althoughtheEnglishseemtohavemorethantheirshareofrallies,protestmarches,

confrontationswithauthority,whatcouldbegintolooklikeamurderousencounterin

FranceorAmerica,ormightbeabloodystreetbattleinJapan,wouldinEnglandend

attheworstinafewscufflesandarrests.Thisisbecausetherearefewerfanatical

believersamongtheEnglish,andatthesametime,belowthenoisyarguments,the

abuseandthequarrels,thereisareservoirofinstinctivefellow-feeling,notyet

exhaustedthoughitmaynotbefillingup.Noteverybodycandrawonthatreservoir.No

doubtthereareinEnglandsomesnarlingshopstewardswhodemandfreedomforthe

workerswhenwhattheyreallywantistobringthewholesystemcrashingdown,

togetherwitheveryguaranteeofliberty.Nodoubttherearewealthyemployerswho

smileattheTVcamerasanddeclarethatalltheydesireisthefriendliestrelationwith

theirworkforce,whenathearttheywouldliketotakeawhiptothewholeidle

troublesomemobofthem.Buttherearenotmanyofthesemen,eitherontheboard

ortheshopfloor,andtheyarecertainlynottypicalEnglish.Somecancerintheir

characterhaseatenawaytheirEnglishness.

3TherealEnglish,whoare‘different’,whohaveinheritedEnglishnessandhave

notyetthrownawaytheirinheritance,cannotfeelathomeinthecontemporaryworld,

representingtheaccelerateddevelopmentofourwholeage.Itdemandsbigness,and

theyaresuspiciousofbigness.（AndthereisnownotonlyIndustrialbigness;thereis

alsoScientificbigness,needingmoreandmoretodiscoverlessandless.）Clearly

everythingcannotbedonebysmallishandreasonablyhumanenterprises.Nocosy

shipyardcanundertaketobuilda150,000-tonship,thoughwemaynotbeinourright

mindsifwewantsuchaship.ButitissafetosaythatwhileEnglishnessmay

reluctantlyacceptbigness,itsmonstersareneverheartilywelcomed.Theylookall

rightinAmerica,itselfsolarge,butseemaltogetheroutofscaleinEngland.Along

withthedemandforbignessgoesademandforsevereefficiency,oftenquiterational

butnotreasonable,thereforealientoEnglishness.Afurthernecessarydemand,to

feedthemonsterwithhigherandhigherfiguresandlargerandlargerprofits,isfor

enormousadvertisingcampaignsandbrigadesofrazor-keensalesmen.Finally,from

themonsterandallitsspokesmencomesamessage,endlesslyrepeated.Itruns

moreorlessasfollows:

‘Yououghttobehappy.Butyouarenothappy.Youcanbe

happy,though,ifyoubuywhatwearemakingforyou.’Andapostscriptmightbe

addedfromIago:

‘Putmoneyinthypurse.’

4Iliketocallthis‘Admass’,andwilldosofromnowon.Iwillalsoannounce

whatthefutureoftheEnglishhangsupon,whileatthesametime,unlikealmost

everybodyelse,keepingwellclearofeconomics.Ithangsuponthefinalresultofa

battlethathasbeengoingonforsomeyearsnowandthatexplainswhytheEnglish

seemsoodd,eccentric,unsatisfactory,notonlyabroadbuttomanypersonsathome.

ItisabattlethatisbeingfoughtinthemindsoftheEnglish.Itisbetween'Admass',

whichhasalreadyconqueredmostoftheWesternworld,and'Englishness',ailingand

impoverished,innopositiontoreceivevastsubsidiesofdollars,francs,deutschmarks

andtherest,forpublicrelationsandadvertisingcampaigns.Thetriumphsof'Admass'

canbeplainlyseen.Itoperatesintheoutervisibleworld,whereitoffersmoreand

morethings-formoreandmoremoneyofcourse-andcreatestheso-called‘Good

Life’.Againstthis,atleastsuperficially,'Englishness'seemsapoorshadowyshow–

afaintpencilsketchbesideaposterinfullcolour-belongingasitreallydoestothe

invisibleinnerworld,merelyofferingstatesofmindinplaceofthatrichvarietyof

things.Butthenwhilethingsareimportant,statesofmindareevenmoreimportant.

5Itiseasytounderstandwhythereshouldbethisconflictbetween'Admass'and

'Englishness'.Whatiscentralto'Admass'istheproductionandconsumptionof

goods.Ifthereisenoughofthis—thoughofcoursethereneveris,because

dissatisfactionisbuiltinto'Admass'-therewillbesufficientmoneytopayforits

‘GoodLife’.ButitisworthnotingalongthewaythatwhileAmericahasbeenformany

yearsthechiefadvocateof'Admass',Americahasshownustoomanydesperately

worriedexecutivesdroppingintoearlygraves,toomanyexhaustedsalesmentaking

refugeinbarsandbreakinguptheirhomes,toomanyworkmensufferingfrom

monotonyortime-and-motionstudiesandwonderinghowthehelltheygotintothese

traps.AndAmerica,toitscredit,canalsoshowusalotofsensiblemenandwomen

whohavedenouncedallthisandhavewalkedoutofit.Butthisbookisaboutthe

English,nottheAmericans.Now'Englishness',withitsrelationtotheunconscious,its

dependenceuponinstinctandintuition,cannotbreakitslinkswiththepast:

ithas

deeplongroots.Beingitselfastateofmind,itcannotignoreotherstatesofmindand

cannothelpfeelingthat'Admass',withitsruthlesscompetitiveness,itsideaofman

simplyasaproducerandconsumer,itsdependenceupondissatisfaction,greedand

envy,mustberesponsibleforbadandnotgoodstatesofmind.Furthermore,while

'Englishness'isnothostiletochange,itisdeeplysuspiciousofchangeforchange’s

sake,rejectingtheideathatwearenowcommittedtosomeinevitablemechanical

progress.Herewemighttakeaconcreteexample.'Englishness'wouldsupportan

immediatedemand,attheexpenseofmanyotherthings,formoreandbetterhousing.

Withoutadequateshelterandadecentplacetocalltheirown,peoplefeelwretched.

ButpeopleinEngland,notabigcountry,donothavetohavemoreandmoreand

largerandlargercars,withlongerandwidermotorways,wreckingthecountryside,to

takethecars.Iftheythinktheydo,thisis'Admass'atwork.Peoplehavewanted

housesforcenturies,andcarsoftheirownonlyforaveryshorttime.Toputcarsand

motorwaysbeforehousesseemsto'Englishness'acommunalimbecility.

6ThebattlethatwilldecidethefutureoftheEnglishisgoingonallroundus.At

thistimeofwriting,weinEnglandareinthemiddleofit.Imustaddthatwhile

'Englishness'canstillfighton,'Admass'couldbewinning.Therearevariousreasons

whythismaybehappening.Tobeginwith,notalltheEnglishholdfastto'Englishness'.

Someimportantandinfluentialmencarefullytrainthemselvesoutofit-politicians,

academics,bureaucrats,ambitiousfinanciersandindustrialists,canbefoundamong

thesemen-andahordeofothers,shallowandfoolish,wanderawayfromit,

shruggingofftheirinheritance.'Englishness'isnotasstrongasitwaseventhirtyyears

ago.Itneedstobenourishedbyasenseofthedignityandpossibledestinyof

mankind.Itmusthavesomemoralcapitaltodrawupon,andsoonitmaybeasking

foranoverdraft.TheZeitgeistseemstobeworkingfor'Admass'.Sodoesmostof

whatwereadandwhatwehear.Evenourinflation,whichkeepseverybodynudging

everybodyformoremoney,isoftenseennotasawarning,notasanenemyofthe

genuinegoodlife,butasaproofthatweneedmoreandnotless'Admass'.

7Somebattleshavebeenwonorlostbecausethecommanderofalargeforce,

arrivinglate,decidedalmostatthelastmomenttochangesides.Ifeelthatapowerful

sectionofEnglishworkers,togetherwiththeirunionbosses,isinthesamesituationas

thatcommanderjustbeforehecouldmakeuphismind.Thesemenbelievethatif

thereisa‘GoodLife’going,thenit’shightimetheyhadtheirshareofit.Butsome

remaining'Englishness'inthemwhispersthattheremaybeacatchinit.Where’sthis

‘GoodLife’insweatingyourgutsout,justbecausethemanagersareonthe

productivity-per-man-hourcaper?

It’sallaracketanyhow.Ifwedon’tworklikethe

oldmanusedtodo,we’renotturningoutthehoneststufftheoldmanwasexpected

toturnout.It’stheprofitnow,nottheproduct.Halfthetime,wecheattheforemen,

theforemencheatthemanagement,themanagementcheatsthecustomers.Okay,

wewantshorterhours,moreholidays,biggerpaypackets-thenthe‘GoodLife’ofthe

advertsforus.Orarewekiddingourselves?

8NowIamnotpretendingthatsomethinglikethisisbeingsaidineverybranchof

Englishindustry,andcertainlynotwherethereisagenuine-ifratherold-fashioned–

prideintheworkonhand.Butsomethinglikeitisbeingsaid,thoughtorfelt,inthevery

placeswherethereisthemostmoney,themostboredom,themosttroubleand

‘industrialaction’,andindeedthemost'Admass'.Behindtheconstantbickering,the

suddenwalk-outsandstrikes,the‘bloody-mindedness’,whichbewildersomany

foreigncommentators,istheconflictbetween'Admass',offeringsomuch,a