英语短语词义辨析专项讲解.docx
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英语短语词义辨析专项讲解
中考英语短语词义辨析专项讲解
中考英语短语词义辨析专项讲解
一、考点分析
短语词义辨析在中考和一模二模中所占的分值不多，通常会在选择题中出现一到二小题，分值为2-4分，但是词义辨析在完形填空中也会偶尔出现，属于必须掌握的基础知识点。
二、专题详解
1. 区别 look, see, watch, notice，read
look 看；因想看而投注目光，不管结果如何指看的动作，后不能接名词应 look at + n
see 看到，看见；强调看的结果 see sb do sth 看见某人做某事的全过程 see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事
watch 看，观看；特别留意，感兴趣地看运动着的东西 watch sb do sth看见某人做某事的全过程 watch sb doing sth
看见某人正在做某事
watch TV/ films/ football match/ basketball match/ show
notice 看到，注意到，觉察到，偶尔看到细小但可能是重要的东西 read 主要强调“读，阅读，朗读”多指读书，看报，信，杂志
有关look的短语
look after = take care of 照顾，照看
have a look = take a look 看一看 have a look at +n = take a look at+ n 看一看某物
look up 查阅资料，字典 look down on/ upon 看不起，轻视
look for 寻找（着重寻找的过程）look out of…从…向外看
look out at sth 向外看某物 look into 调查
look over 检查 look up and down 上下打量
look up 向上看 look down 向下看
2. thank
thank you / thanks for + n / v-ing 因…而感谢，
thanks to...由于，多亏
thanks to one's help=because of one's help 由于某人的帮忙
thanks for one's help 谢谢某人的帮助
3.alone，lonely
alone adj 独自一人（无感情色彩，只是陈述事实）在句中只做表语
lonely adj 孤独的，寂寞的（形容人感到孤独寂寞，带有感情色彩）
4. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant常用作定语，a pleasant trip
pleased和 pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物
pleasure n 愉快，快乐，高兴
be pleased with sb /sth 对某人、事感到欣喜的，满意的
be pleased to do sth 乐意做某事 it’s one’s pleasure to do sth 做某事是某人的荣幸
5.stop，forget，remember
stop to do sth 意为“停下（正在做的事情）去做其他的事”
stop doing sth 意为 “停止（正在）做的事情”
forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记已经做过的事
remember to do sth 记得要去做某事
remember doing sth 记得已经做过的事
go on doing sth = keep on doing sth = carry on doing sth 继续做某事（同一件事）
go on to do sth 接着干别的事
6.make
make A out of B 用B制造A
make sth for sb 为某人制造某物
do sth for sb为某人做某事
be made of sth 由…制造（看得出原材料）
be made from sth由…制造（看不出原材料）
be made by sb 由某人制造
7.say，speak，talk，tell
say 强调说的具体内容 eg .can you say the story in English ?
speak 指说话的能力，后经常跟语言的种类 eg. Can you speak English ?
tell 告诉，讲诉
tell sb about sth 告诉某人有关有事 tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事 tell sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事
talk 交谈，谈话
talk with sb 与某人交谈 talk to sb 给某人说（侧重于一方说，别一方在听）talk about sth 谈论某事
8.pay，spend，cost，take
.sb pay + 金钱 + for sth 某人为…付…钱
Sb spend + 时间/ 金钱 + on sth Sb spend + 时间 / 金钱 + （in） doing sth
Sthcostsb金钱 主语是物
It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth
9.instead，insteadof
instead adv 代替 单独使用，放于句首或句末
instead of + n/ pron/v-ing 介词短语 意为“代替…而不是…”放于句中
10..would like to do sth = want to do sth=feellikedoing 想要做某事
Would like sb to do sth = want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
11.hope，wish
hope to do sth 希望做某事 hope + 从句 希望…
wish to do sth 希望做某事 wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
12．get
get on/off（the bus） 上/下车
get up 起床
get ready for 为...作准备
get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服
get well （better） 身体好
get in 进入，收集
get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物
get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好，...进展顺利
13.send
send sb. away 开除、解雇某人
send for sb. 派人去请某人
send up 发射
send sth to sb = send sb sth 把某物寄给某人
14.hear
hear from sb= receive a letter from sb 收到...的来信
hear of 听说
15.到达某地的几种表达法
get to +名词 get +副词（不用to）
reach+名词/副词 reach后不接宾语不能单独使用
e.g. Do you know when he will reach?
（错误）
arrive in/at +大/小地点 （后接副词，不用at/in）
e.g. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到达上海
e.g. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家
16. end
by the end of +过去时间 （用于过去完成时）到...末为止
by the end of +将来时间 （用于一般将来时）到...末为止
at the end of+地点 在...尽头
in the end= at last 最后，终于
at the beginning of 在…的开端，开始
in the beginning 开始= at first
17.. much too+形容词／副词原级 实在太...
too much+不可数名词 相当多的... too many+可数名词的复数
18. sell
sell out 售完 卖完
on sell 打折
in sell 当季
19.
finish doing sth. 做完某事
complete to do sth 完成某事
be always doing 老是干某事
20.
look for 寻找（着重指过程）
find 寻找（着重指结果）
find out （经过查询，研究）找到结果，发现秘密
search sb 搜身 search sp for sb/sth 为了搜查某人、物而搜寻某地
21.穿过
.across prep 横穿（从物体的表面穿过） go across = cross
through prep 横穿（从物体的空间穿过） go through window/ door / forest
22.在......之间
between 用于两个人，两件事之间，指“两者之间”
among 用于三个或三个以上的人或物之间，或笼统的一群人或一些物之间，表示在…之间
23.other，another
other adj 其他的，别的，另外 ，常作定语
another pron 指不定数目中的另一个人或物意为“又一，再一” another + 数词+ 可数名词/ 不可数名词
others pron 另外的，其他的或别的人或事物，主要表示其中一部分而不是全部 the other 指两者或双方中的另一个人或物常用于 one … the other the others 是 the other 的复数，属于特指，后不能跟名词 the others = the other + 可数名词的复数 指一个范围内的剩余全部。
24..sometime 某时 some time 一段时间 sometimes 有时 some times 倍次
25.mind
change one’s mind 改变主意
make up one’s mind 作出决定
keep… in mind 记住
Never mind 不要紧
mind one’s doing sth 介意某人做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
26.和，也
.too 也，用于肯定句句末 also 也，用于肯定句句中 either 也，用于否定句句末
as well as 也连词，连接两个并列主语时用就近原则
27.famous
be well- known / famous for 因…而出名
Hainan island is famous for beautiful scenes.
be well- known / famous as 作为…而出名
Einstein was famous as a scientist.
be famous to....熟悉的人
Yao Ming is famous to all our Chinese.
28.because
because + 从句 因为…
because of + n/ pron/ v-ing 因为…
29.work
work on 从事于，致力于
work out 计算出
30 .as.......as
as + adj/ adv as possible 尽可能…，尽量…
as much as possible 尽可能多 as early as possible 尽可能早 as soon as possible 一…就…
31. run away （from） （从…） 逃走，突然离开 run out 用完，用尽
32.发生
.happen 指偶然，意外地发生某事
take place 指按照计划，安排发生某事
take place of sb/sth 取代，代替（某人，某事）
33.time
all the time 一直
one time 曾经 at the same time 同时
at the time 在那时 on time 按时 in time 及时
at times = from timeto time = sometimes 有时
34.prefer
prefer + n / v-ing to + n/ v-ing 比起…更喜欢…
prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事
would rather do sth than do sth比起…更喜欢…
Prefertodoratherthandosth宁愿做.......而不做......
35.used
used to do sth 过去常常做某事
be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
be used to do sth 被用来做某事
be used for doing sth 被用来做某事
be used as 被当作….而使用
36. a number of, the number of
a number of许多，谓语用复数。
the number of„的数目，谓语用单数。
37.in front of, in the front of
in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面
38.moment
for a moment 片刻，一会儿。
for the moment暂时，目前。
at the moment眼下，当前。
at this/that moment在此、那时。
in a moment立刻，马上
39. in charge of, in the charge of
in charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由„„照料
He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of him
40.at all, after all
at all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟
41. respectful, respectable
respectful尊敬，有礼，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged
42. outwards, outward
二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词
43. living, alive, live, lively
living, alive, live均为活着的，
living定表均可，
alive定表均可，定语后置，
live只能做定语，lively意为活泼的
all the living people=all the people alive
44. worth, worthy
二者均为值得，worth后接doing，
worthy后to be done, of being done
e.g. It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.
45 before long, long before
before long不久以后，long before很久以前
46..award, reward, prize
award 作n.：
奖品, 奖金；判决，裁决；奖学金。
作vt：
授予，奖给，判给 receive/win an award for（doing）sth.
reward作n.:
回报，报酬，报答，酬金。
作vt：
酬谢，报答
prize作n：
奖赏, 奖金, 奖品；值得竞争的东西。
作vt：
珍视, 珍惜。
常用receive a prize of+钱
47 .三个使
在主动语态中，感官动词（see, hear, feel, watch等）和使役动词（make, have, let等）要求接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，而在被动语态里，不定式要带上to。
例：
The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day.
The workers were made to work 10 hours a day. She was heard to use strong language.
48. next year, the next year
next year 明年，一般将来时（will do）；the next year 第二年，过去将来时（would do）
49.die from, die of
die from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等客观因素；
die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素
50. divide, separate
divide...into 把一个整体分成几部分
separate...from 把连在一起的个体分开
divide the apple separate the two boys
51. agree with, agree to, agree on
agree with sb./what sb.said.同意某人的观点、某人说的话 agree to do sth. 同意做某事
agree on + 价钱，协议等 在……上达成一致意见，主语是复数 23. manage, try
manage to do 设法做成了某事，try to do 尽力去做某事但不一定功 He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
【经典】近年上海中考短语辨析真题
1.Idon'tknowSam'stelephonenumber.Willyoupleaseinyouraddressbookforme?
.
A.lookupitB.lookitupClookforitD.lookatit
2.”Mrzhu,you’dbetter___toomuchmeatYouarealreadyoverweight.”saidthedoctor.
A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat
3.”Don’talwaysmakeMicheal____thisorthat.Heisalreadyaboy,dear.”saidMrBushtohiswife.
A.doB.todoC.doesD.did
4.Sorry,Ican’thearyouclearly.Willyouplease_____youre-mailaddress?
Iwillwriteitdown.
A.reviewB.reciteC.reportD.repeat
5.Don’t____yourcoat,Tom.It’seasytocatchacoldinspring.
A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takedownD.takeout
6.Internetbarsmustn'tletpeopleunder18inorletanybody______badthings.
A.watchB.towatchC.watchingD.watches
7.—Shallwecallforataxi?
—OK.Letme_______thephonenumberinYellowPages.
A.lookatB.lookforC.lookupD.lookafter
8.Tim’smumisworried______herson’seyesightasheplaysonlinegamestoomuch.
A）forB）aboutC）withD）of
9.HowmagnificenttheBundlooksatnightwhenallthelightsare______!
A）turnedoverB）turnedoffC）tuneddownD）turnedon
10.Tomlikescars.Heenjoys______modelcarsofallkinds.
A）collectsB）collectingC）tocollectD）collected
11.Theheavysnowstormmadethemountainclimbers______halfway.
A）stopB）tostopC）stoppingD）stopped
12.ThousandsofspectatorscametoShanghaito______the48thWorldTableTennisChampionships.
A）seeB）noticeC）watchD）look
13.It’stimeforsports.Let’s______bowling,shallwe?
A
A）goB）togoC）goingD）goes
14.MillionsofShanghaicitizensarelearningto______Englishforthe2010WorldExpo.
A）tellB）speakC）sayD）talk
15.To______hissickmother,Davidgoestothehospitalafterworkeveryday.
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