外文翻译--船舶焊接.docx

外文翻译--船舶焊接.docx

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伟厍镂挟旅霜嗣庄垛獯乇

Weldingistoensurethattheshipoftheshipandthestrengthofthekey.Thispaperdescribestheshipintheweldingofseveralcommonreasonsfortheshortcomingsandproposepreventivemeasures.冕壳撅禳皎兴蚍鲋癞樗雕

Weldingistoensurethattheshipoftheshipandthestrengthofthekeyistoensurethatthekeytothequalityoftheship,istoensurethesafetyofshipsnavigatingandoperatinganimportantconditionfor.Ifthereisaweldingdefect,itmaycausestructuralfaults,leakage,orevencausetheshipsank.Accordingtotheshipbrittlefractureaccidentinvestigationshowedthat40percentofbrittlefracturefromtheaccidentwasthebeginningofthewelddefects.Shipsinthetownshipinshipbuilding,shiptheweldingqualityisparticularlyprominent.Intheinspectionofshipsintheprocessofweldingthetestisparticularlyimportant.Therefore,shouldtheearlydetectionofdefects,theweldingdefectsrestrictedtoacertainextent,toensurenavigationalsafety.妗橹物诖萍温芽瘤翱照狗

 Manytypesofshipweldingdefects,accordingtotheirdifferentpositions,thedefectscanbedividedintoexternalandinternaldefects.Defectshavepores,slag,weldingcracks,lackofpenetration,notfusion,weldandshapeofDimensionarenotmet,thebitingedge,ofwelding,suchasarcpit.僖弗鳆留闾砾襞刹凤晡吵

first stomatalpore 肄蹙踉冢瞟剔犯嘎咬缏仗

stomatalporemeansthatthewelding,bubblebathinthesolidificationofthefailedescapetheholeformed.Themainreasontherehavestomata:

grooveedgeofdirty,water,oilandXiuji;electrodeornotprovisionsofcuringflux,solderorrust-coreskindegeneration,suchasspalling.Inaddition,low-hydrogenweldingelectrode,thearcistoolong,weldingtoofast;submergedarcweldingvoltagetoohigh,areeasilygeneratedintheprocessofweldingstomata.Becausethepresenceofporositysothattheseamofeffectivecross-sectiondecreased,toolargeporeswillreducethestrengthofwelds,thedestructionoftheweldmetaldensity.Preventionistohaveastoma:

choosetherightweldingcurrentAndweldingspeedandgrooveedgetocleanupwater,oilandXiuji.Strictlyinaccordancewiththeregulationscustody,clearingandcuringweldingmaterials.Nottousedegenerateelectrode,whentheskindegenerationdrugdiscoveryelectrode,spallingorweldingcorecorrosion,shouldstrictlycontroltheuseof.SAW,shouldusetheappropriateweldingprocessparameters,particularlytheplateautomaticwelding,weldingspeedshouldbeassmallaspossiblemore.蝗藿噜槽奄颤崃拢往馨迅

Sendcent,slag诃色赂化噼蜇争鲑冖埯貊

Slagistheresidueoftheweldslag.Weldslagwillalsoreducetheintensityanddensity.AslagisthemainreasonforWeldaerobiccuttingedgeofgasorcarbonarcshaverresidualslag;grooveangleorweldingcurrentistoosmall,toofastorwelding.Acidintheuseofelectrode,thecurrentistoosmallorbecauseofimpropertransportofa"pasteresidue"tousealkalineelectrode,thearcistoolongorbecauseofincorrectpolaritywillcausetheslag.ASAWbackcover,fromweldingwirecenter,butalsoeasytoslagformation.PreventionSlagproducedthemeasuresare:

selecttherightgroovesize,tocleanupgrooveedge,choosetherightweldingcurrentandweldingspeed,andtransportoftheswingshouldbeappropriate.Multi-welding,shouldbecarefullyobservedgrooveonbothsidesofmelting,eachlayermustbeweldedtocleanupweldingslag.Backcoverweldingslagshouldbethoroughlyremoved,SAWattentionshouldbepaidtopreventthesolderside.琼喈震瀚呶搂痹皈蟀漱蚕

Third,bite–淋胭悭癯莉铀蚪蛹恶悸沧

WeldleftedgeoftheDepression,knownasthebitingedge.Abitingedgebecausetheweldingcurrentistoolarge,Yunofthespeedandarcweldingrodstretchedtoolongorinappropriateangle.SAWweldingspeedtoofastorwelderorbitcausesofinequality,willcausethemeltingofweldingtoacertaindepth,andfilledwithmetalalsofailedtofilltheresultingbitingedge.Reducethebitingedgeofthebasemetaljointcross-sectionofwork,therebyresultinginthebitingedgeofstressconcentration,itwasimportanttothestructureorstructureofthedynamicload,isgenerallynotallowedtobiteWhilethere,ortobite-depthlimit.Bite-preventionapproachis:

Choosetherightoftheweldingcurrentandtransportpractices,theattentionofcontrolatanytimearcweldingrodangleandlength;SAWprocessparameterstobeappropriate,withspecialattentiontoweldingspeedshouldnotbetoohigh,weldingmachinetotrackformation.胳褥坶蟊昕甍芳飕宫碗驱

Fourth,lackofpenetration,nofusion曹皎甙免裘芎桓氙飙芨瘁

Welding,thejointswerenotfullyrootpenetrationofthephenomenon,knownasthelackofpenetrationintheweldingpiecesofmetalandweldseamorapartiallayerofpenetrationphenomenon,knownasFusiondidnot.Lackofpenetrationorfusionisamoreseriousflaw,sincelackofpenetrationorfusion,Weldwillappearintermittentormutation,weldstrengthgreatlyreduced,orevencausecracks.Therefore,inthehulloftheimportantpartsofthestructuredoesnotallowexistenceoflackofpenetration,thesituationisnotfusion.LackofpenetrationandfusionisnotthecauseoftheweldingassemblyspaceorslopeargumentOfsmall,blunt-thick,toomuchelectrodediameter,thecurrentistoosmall,toofastandtoolongarc,andsoon.Weldmentgroovesurfaceoxidefilm,oil,andsodidnotremoveclean,orwhenitflowsintheweldingofmetalslaghinderthetransportofthefusionorimproperpractices,thearcinthegroovewhilepartialandotherreasons,willnotcausetheedgefusion.Preventthelackofpenetrationorfusionapproachistherightsizeselectedgroove,areasonablechoiceofweldingcurrentandspeed,grooveandthesurfaceofskintoremoveoilpollutionclean;backcoverwelding-rootsthoroughly,andtransportoftheswingshouldbeappropriate,paycloseattentiontoslopeIfusiononbothsidesofthesituation.皎堇淡伐顾愚颚蟓酣鞍凵

fifth,weldingcracks紫认瞥顷箦或鞑尝帮猡闳

WeldingCrackisaveryseriousshortcomings.Morefromthedestructionofthecracks,intheprocessofweldingtotakeallnecessarymeasurestopreventtheemergenceofcrackintheweldingusedvariousmethodstocheckforcracks.Foundacrack,shouldberemoved,andthentorepair.竺寐郏蒉悦涑剪刊载宾锖

Weldingcrackahotcrack,crackcold.Weldmetalfromliquidtosolidinthecrystallizationprocessknownasthecrackofcrack,itscharacteristicisthatimmediatelyafterthewelding,andmoreinthecenterseamalongtheseamlengthofthedistribution.Heatcracksthesurfacethroughoutmostofthegap,showingofcolor,slightlycracktheendofround.Ahotcrackintheweldpoolbecausetherearelowmeltingpointimpurities（suchasFeS,etc.）.Asaresultoftheseimpuritieslowmeltingpoint,crystalsolidifiedthelatest,afterthesolidificationofplasticandintensityisverylow.BecauseThis,inthestructureofbindingstressenoughtheoutsideworldandthesolidificationoftheweldmetalcontraction,thepooloflowmeltingpointoftheseimpuritiesinthesolidificationprocesswasstarted,orshortlyafterbeingopenedcoagulation,resultingincracksbetweenthecrystal.Weldingelectrode,andpiecesofsulphur,copperandotherimpuritiesinalongtime,butalsoeasytoproducethermalcracks.Preventhotcrackthemeasuresareasfollows:

1tostrictlycontroltheweldingprocessparameters,slowdownthecoolingrate,toincreaseweldshapefactor,asfaraspossible,usingsmallcurrentmulti-channelmulti-welding,inordertoavoidweldcracksCentreandtheotherisseriouslyTheimplementationofapointoforder,selectareasonableweldingprocess,weldingtoreducestress.羟醌龛角叨芝盟设被吗恢

Weldmetalinthecoolingprocessorcooling,thebasemetalorinthebasemetalandweldthejunctionofthefusionlineknownasthecoldcrackcrack.Suchcracksarelikelytoariseimmediatelyaftertheweldingisalsopossibleinafewhoursafterwelding,afewdaysorevenlongerbeforethere.Coldcrackthemainreasonfor:

1）theroleofheatcycle,theheat-affectedzonegeneratedHardenedorganizations,2）aweldintheexcessiveproliferationofhydrogen,andhasaconcentrationoftheconditions3）jointbearBindingagreaterstress.PreventThecoldcrackmeasuresare:

1）choiceoflow-hydrogenelectrode,intheweldtoreducethespreadofthecontentofhydrogen,2）strictlyabidebytheweldingmaterials（electrode,Flux）custody,baking,usethesystem,guardagainstexposedtomoisture,3）carefullycleaningupslopeIedgeoftheoilpollution,waterandXiuji,toreducethesourcesofhydrogen,4）Accordingtomaterialgradesofcarbonequivalent,componentthickness,theenvironment,suchaswelding,areasonablechoiceoftheweldingprocessparametersandenergylines,suchasweldingbeforepreheating,solderAfterthecoldease,takingmulti-channelmulti-welding,acertainlevelofcontroltemperature,5）aftertheheatemergencyTreatmenttodehydrogenase,toeliminatethestressandtemperhardenedorganizations,toimprovejointtoughness;6）thereasonableuseofweldingprocedures,theuseofsub-retreatlaw,suchaswelding,andweldingtoreducestress.坪醯闹毙琐堡届珲婊晾佚

sixth,otherflaws淘禄犬臼烈氙潆梵椹熙现

Weldingisalsocommontoanumberofwelding,arcweldingpitandontheexternaldimensionsandshapeofthedefect.Aweldingofthemainreasonsistheunevendistributionoftransport,resultingpooltemperatureistoohigh,theliquidmetalsolidifiedslowlyfalling,thusformedonthesurfaceoftheweldmetalaneurysm.Li,Yangwelding,theuseoftoomuchcurrentandarcwelding,butalsolikelytobeofwelding.Hanggeneratedarcisputoutthereasonsforthearcoftimeistooshort,orweldingsuddenlyinterruptedorwhenthecurrentweldingplatetoomuch,andsoon.Weldingseamsurfaceappearanceofinf