人教版英语高二上学期综合检测卷三.docx

人教版英语高二上学期综合检测卷三.docx

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人教版英语高二上学期综合检测卷三

2019年人教版英语高二上学期综合检测卷三

一、阅读理解（30分）

1．（6分）   Petrolanddieselcarsmaystilldominate（影响）ourroads,buttheirdaysarenumbered.Arecentuniversitystudyfoundthatcurrentelectriccarscouldbeusedfor87percentofdailycarjourneysintheUS.Thatfigurecouldriseto98percentby2020.

   Onehurdletothewidespreadadoptionofelectriccarshasbeen"rangeanxiety"—drivers'concernsaboutrunningoutofjuiceonajourney.Whilepetrolstationsareconvenientlylocatedacrossnationalroadsystems,thenecessarynetworkofelectricchargingstationsisstillbeingdeveloped.Infact,chargingpointsarebecomingincreasinglycommonthroughouttheUSA.

   Attitudestowardselectricvehicleshavechangedquiteconsiderablyoverthelastfewyears.Notthatlongago,electriccarsmetwithdistrust,andtheirhighpricetagsdrovecustomersaway.Thankstoimprovementsinbatterycapacity,rechargingtimes,performanceandprice,thecurrentgenerationofelectriccarsisstartingtopersuadecritics.Plug-incarswillsoongiveinternalcombustionenginemodelsarunfortheirmoney.

   Aswellasadvancementsontheroad,electricvehiclesaretakingtotheseaandsky.Electricboatsareamongtheoldestelectricvehicles,havingenjoyedseveraldecadesofpopularityfromthelate19thtotheearly20thcenturybeforepetrol-poweredoutboardmotorstookover.Now,theglobaldriveforrenewableenergysourcesisbringingelectricboatsback.Stepstowardselectricplanesarealsobeingmade,withAirbusandNASAamongtheorganizationsdevelopingandtestingbattery-poweredplanes.Theexperimentscouldsoonmakecommercialelectricflightareality.

   Electricvehiclesdonotproduceanyemissions.WeretheUStoactonthestudy'sfindingsandreplace87percentofitscarswithelectricvehicles,itwouldreducethenationaldemandforpetrolby61percent.However,becauseoftheproductionprocessesandthegenerationofelectricityrequiredtochargethesevehicles,theycannotclaimtobecompletelyemission-free.Evenso,asmanycountriescontinuetoincreasetheiruseofrenewableenergysources,electricvehicleswillbecomeevencleaner.

（1）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

          A.MyDreamCar          B.HistoryofElectricCars

          C.ProblemswithPetrolCars          D.DrivingintotheFuture

（2）Theunderlinedword"hurdle"inParagraph2means____.

          A.aim          B.barrier          C.consequence          D.step

（3）Inthepast,whydidmanypeoplerefusetobuytheelectriccarsaccordingtothepassage?

          A.Theywerenotgoodvalue.

          B.Theywereverypoorlymade.

          C.Theywerenotwidelypromoted.

          D.Theycouldn'ttravelatahighspeed.

（4）WhatisthefunctionofParagraph4?

          A.Tointroducethehistoryofelectricvehicles.

          B.Toexplainwhytheworldneedsmoreelectriccars.

          C.Toshowwhymorepeoplehaveinterestinelectriccars.

          D.Todescribedifferentwayselectricvehiclescanbeused.

2．（8分）

WhatCocktailPartiesTeachUs

   You'reataparty.Musicisplaying.Glassesareclinking.Dozensofconversationsaredrivingupthedecibel（分贝）level.Yetamongallthosedistractions,youcantuneyourattentiontojustonevoicefrommany.Thisabilityiswhatresearcherscallthe"cocktail-partyeffect".

   ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex（听觉皮层）justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.Theauditorycortexboostssomesoundsandturnsdownotherssothatwhenthesignalreachesthehigherbrain,"it'sasifonlyonepersonwasspeakingalone,"saysinvestigatorEdwardChang.

   Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygoodatmultitasking—ourbrainsarewiredfor"selectiveattention"andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.Thatinbornabilityhashelpedhumanssurviveinaworldbuzzingwithvisualandauditorystimulation（刺激）.Butwekeeptryingtopushthelimitswithmultitasking,sometimeswithtragic（悲剧的）consequences.Driverstalkingoncellphones,forexample,arefourtimesaslikelytogetintotrafficaccidentsasthosewhoaren't.

   Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto"inattentionalblindness",inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'tfocusingon.Themoreattentionataskdemands,thelessattentionwecanpaytootherthingsinourfieldofvision.Imageslandonourretinas（视网膜）andareeitherboostedorplayeddowninthevisualcortexbeforebeingpassedtothebrain,justastheauditorycortexfilterssounds,asshownintheNaturestudylastweek."It'sapush-pullrelationship—themorewefocusononething,thelesswecanfocusonothers,"saysDianeM.Beck,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinois.

   StudiesoverthepastdecadeattheUniversityofUtahshowthatdriverstalkingonhands-freecellphonesarejustasinfluencedasthoseonhands-heldphonesbecauseitistheconversation,notthedevice,thatisdistractingtheirattention.Thosetalkingonanykindofcellphonereactmoreslowlyandmissmoretrafficsignalsthanothermotorists.

   Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.

（1）WhathavescientistsinUniversityofCaliforniafoundabout"thecocktail-partyeffect"?

          A.Usuallythereisonlyonepersonwhoisspeakingalone.

          B.Allkindsofannoyingsoundsdriveupthedecibellevel.

          C.Thehigherbrainprocessessoundsandimagesselectively.

          D.Soundsaresortedoutbeforereachingthehigherbrain.

（2）Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?

          A.Wearebiologicallyincapableofmultitasking.

          B.Wesurvivedistractionsinlifebymultitasking.

          C.Wecannotmultitaskwithoutextraattention.

          D.Webenefitfrompushingthelimitwithmultitasking.

（3）Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"inattentionalblindness"?

          A.Acarelessdriverlosthiseyesightafteracaraccident.

          B.Policescannedthecrowdsandlocatedthecriminal.

          C.Amanagertalkedonahands-freephonewithhisclient.

          D.Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing（低头）.

（4）Themainpurposeofthepassageisto____.

          A.compareandcontrast          B.informandexplain

          C.argueanddiscuss          D.examineandevaluate

3．（8分）   Tostartaconversationaboutthesecrettohappiness,ABCNews'healtheditorDr.RichardBesserhostedaTwitterchatTuesday.ExpertsfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealth,MayoClinic,HarvardUniversityandTEDMED,aswellascliniciansandpeoplefromacrossthecountry,joinedtheone-hourdiscussion.Therearecountlesswaystomeasurehappiness.Withresearchonthetopicincreasing,researchershavecarriedoutsurveystostudypeople'ssenseofwell-being.

   AngelaHaupt,healthandwellnesseditorforU.S.NewsandWorldReport,said,"Happinessindicatorsincludelifesatisfaction,healthandcommunityengagement."

   @toddkashdanaddedthat,"despiteproblemswithself-reports,thereisnobetterwaytomeasurehappinessthanfocusingonpersonalthoughtsandfeelings."

   Whilescientiststrytofindoutwhatcausedhappiness,othersoftenbelievethattruejoydoesn'texist.DrFriedman,apsychiatristatNewYorkPresbyterian-WeillCornellHospital,saidthat"happinessishardtomeasure,buteasytorecognize."

   Still,commonthemesaboutsatisfactioncomeupintheseconversations.Findingmeaningindailyworkwasimportant.Indeed,researchershavefoundthathavingcreativeandpurposefulworktodoisakeyfactorinhappiness.Butpeoplewerequicktostatetheimportanceofbalancingworkandfamilyobligations.

   Chatparticipants（参与者）agreedthatmoneydoesnotsurelybringhappiness.Andstudiesagreeoncepeople'sbasicneedslikefoodandhousingaremet,higherincomesdolittletoimproveyourhappiness.Atlast,peoplefoundvalueintheirconnectionswithothers.Researchshowsthathavingsupportthroughfriends,family,andsocialnetworkscanbringhappiness.Manyagreewith@drmommy,whosaid"Imeasuremyhappinessbythelovingpeoplethatarearoundme."

   So,canweincreaseourhappiness?

Expressinggratitude（感激）isapossiblewayoffeelinghappiness.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplewhoregularlywritedownthingsforwhichtheyaregratefulin"gratitudejournals"haveincreasedsatisfactioninlife,higherenergylevels,andimprovedhealth.Inonestudy,peoplewhoreadaletterofappreciationtosomeoneintheirlivesprovehappieralmostonemonthlater.Performingactsofkindnesscanraiseyourmoods.

   Datashowthatourrelationshipsmatter,too.Peoplewhoareinterestedinmeaningfulconversationswithfriendsorfamilyarereportedtobehappierthanthosewhodon't.Closeinterpersonaltiesandstrongsocialsupportareimportantforhappiness.

（1）DrFriedmanmayagreethat____.

          A.happinesscanbemeasuredbyhealth

          B.happinesscanneverbemeasured

          C.it'seasytoseewhetheroneishappy

          D.it'shardtoseekforhappiness

（2）Itcanbelearntthat@drmommymeasureshishappinessby____.

          A.health          B.purposefulwork

          C.meaningfulwork          D.friends'