relationship between China and America.docx

relationship between China and America.docx

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relationshipbetweenChinaandAmerica

1.美国下届总统眼中的中美关系

US-ChinaRelationsUnderanObamaAdministrationByBarackObama

Inthecomingyears,theUnitedStatesandChinafacechallengesthatrequirefreshthinkingandachangefromtheUSpolicyapproachofthepasteightyears.HowtheUSandChinameetthesechallenges,andtheextenttowhichwecanfindcommonground,willbeimportantbothforourowncountriesandforothersinAsiaandbeyond.

Chinahasachievedextraordinary,sustainedgrowthoverthepastthreedecades.HundredsofmillionsofpeopleinChinalivebetternowthanmostthoughtpossibleeventwodecadesago.

ButasChina’sleadersacknowledge,Chinamustmakesomebasicadjustmentsifitistocontinuesustained,sharedeconomicgrowth.Chinamustdeveloppracticesthataremoreenvironmentallysustainableandlessenergyintensive,thatboostdomesticconsumptionasanengineofgrowth,thatenhancethesocialsafetynet,andthatencourageindigenoustechnologyinnovation.Otherwise,thecountry’sfutureperformancemayfallwellshortofitspotential.

TheUnitedStateshastheworld’slargestandstrongesteconomy,butwe,too,mustmakeseriousadjustmentsinordertobecompetitiveinthe21stcentury.Wemustendthefiscalirresponsibilityofrecentyearsthathasledtorecordhighdeficitsandarecordlownationalsavingsrate.Wemustinvestininfrastructure,education,healthcare,scienceandtechnology.Andwemustbreakouraddictiontooilandlaunchahistoricefforttotransformoureconomybyinvestinginrenewabletechnologies,energyefficiencyandthenextgenerationofcleanvehicles.Theseinitiativeswillhelplaythefoundationforbroadbased,bottom-upeconomicgrowththatbenefitsallAmericansandhelpsstrengthenUS-Chinarelationsaswell.

WeknowthatAmericaandChinacanaccomplishmuchwhenwerecognizeourcommoninterests.USandChinesecooperationintheSixPartyTalksontheNorthKoreannuclearissueoverthepastfewyearsmakesclearthatwecanworktogetherconstructively,bilaterallyandwithothers,toreducetensionsonevenextraordinarilysensitiveissues.

Morebroadly,theUnitedStatessupportsandbenefitsfromsecurityandstabilityinAsia.Weneedtoaddresstheprincipalcausesofregionaltension.AsImadeclearinmycongratulatorylettertoMaYing-jeouonhisinauguration,wesupportstepstobuildtrustacrosstheTaiwanStraitandimprovementsinrelationsbetweenBeijingandTaipei,nowmorepossiblewithgoodwillbybothsidesthanatanytimesincethemid-1990s.ReductionoftensionsbetweenChinaandJapanisintheinterestsofthosetwocountries,andoftheUnitedStates.Weseekthetypeofstabilityandwell-beingontheKoreanpeninsulathatcanonlybebroughtaboutbythecompleteeliminationofNorthKorea’snuclearweaponsprogramandnormalizationofrelationsbetweenNorthKoreaandalltheparticipantsintheSixPartyTalks.Andfinally,andcritically,weneedastrongfoundationforalong-termpositiveandconstructiverelationshipwithanemergingChina.

Ifirmlybelievethatanactive,sophisticatedandnimbleUSdiplomatic,economicandsecuritypresenceintheregioniscriticaltoachievingtheseandrelatedgoals.OurallianceswithJapan,SouthKorea,Australia,thePhilippinesandThailandarethefoundationoftheUSsecuritypresenceintheregionandcontributegreatlytoregionalstability,threateningtonoone.AlongwiththeforwarddeploymentofourmilitaryforcesintheWesternPacific,theyareanecessarybutnotsufficientbasisforasoundstrategytostrengthenregionalsecurityandstability.AnObamaAdministrationwilllookforopportunitiestoworkwithChinaandothersintheregiontofosteranenvironmentwhereregionalstabilityandprosperityflourish.

Asia’seconomicandsecuritylandscapeischanging,andthisrequiresspecialattentiontounderstandingunfoldingdevelopmentsintheregion.ButAmerica’sinterestsinthevitalityandstabilityoftheregionareenduring.

Withthisinmind,Iwanttoaddresssomeofthekeyissuesthatdirectlyinvolveourtwocountries.

Tradeandinvestmentundergirdsprosperity,andtheUSandChinahaveoneofthelargestandmostimportantbilateraleconomicrelationshipsintheworld.Ourtwonationsarethefirstandthirdlargesttradingnations,andChinahasinrecentyearsbeenAmerica’smostrapidlygrowingmajorexportmarket.

IknowthatAmericaandtheworldcanbenefitfromtradewithChina,butonlyifChinaagreestoplaybytherulesandactasapositiveforceforbalancedworldgrowth.IwantChina’seconomytocontinuetogrow,itsdomesticdemandtoexpandanditsvitalitytocontributetoregionalandglobalprosperity.ButChina’scurrentgrowthisunbalanced,andinrecentyearsdomesticconsumptionhasactuallygonedownasapercentageofGDP.ToincreaseinternaldemandBeijingwillhavetoimprovesubstantiallyitssocialsafetynetandupgradeitsfinancialservicessectortobringitsconsumptioninlinewithinternationalnorms.

CentraltoanyrebalancingofoureconomicrelationshipwithChinamustbechangeinitscurrencypractices.Becauseitpegsitscurrencyatanartificiallylowrate,Chinaisrunningmassivecurrentaccountsurpluses.ThisisnotgoodforAmericanfirmsandworkers,notgoodfortheworld,andultimatelylikelytoproduceinflationproblemsinChinaitself.

AsPresident,IwilluseallthediplomaticavenuesavailabletoseekachangeinChina’scurrencypractices.IwillalsoundertakemoresustainedandseriouseffortstocombatintellectualpropertypiracyinChina,andtoaddressregulationsthatdiscriminateagainstforeigninvestmentsinmajorsectorsandotherunfairtradingpractices.AndIwillworkwiththeChinesegovernmenttoestablishabettersystemforbothcountriestomonitorproductsproducedforexportandactwhendangerousproductsareidentified.

AsPresident,Iwilltakeavigorous,pragmaticapproachtoaddressingtheseissues,utilizingourdomestictraderemedylawsaswellastheWTO’sdisputesettlementmechanismwhereverappropriate.High-leveldialogueamongeconomicleadersinbothcountriesisalsoimportanttoachievingrealprogress.Myapproachtooureconomicrelationshipispositiveandforward-looking:

toremoveobstructionstogainingthebenefitsoftradeandthustoenablefaster,andhealthier,growthinbotheconomies.

Climatechangeisatrulycommonchallengeandalong-termproblemthatmustbeaddressednow.TheUnitedStateshasdonetoolittleontheissue,andIwillworkwiththeCongressandtheprivatesectortochangethat.

TheUnitedStatesandChinahaveheavy,ifdifferent,responsibilitiestomeetthisvitalchallenge.Fortoolong,however,eachhaspointedafingerattheother’sattitudesasanexcusefornotitselfdoingmore.Thatmuststop.

TheclimatechangechallengedemandsthattheUnitedStatesandChinadevelopmuchhigherlevelsofcooperationwithoutdelay.Wearecurrentlytheworld’stwolargestconsumersofoilandthetwolargestemittersofgreenhousegasses.Astheworld’srichestdevelopedeconomyandlargestandmostdynamicdevelopingcountry,ourcooperationtoreducethethreatofclimatechangecanproducemodels,practicesandtechnologiesthatwillprovideimpetustoglobalefforts,includingthosetoreachagreementonapost-Kyotoclimateregime.

AmericaandChinahavedevelopedamature,wide-rangingrelationshipoverthepast30-plusyears.Yetwestillhavetodoseriousworkifwearetocreatethelevelofmutualtrustnecessaryforlong-termcooperationinarapidlychangingregion.Eachcountryhasdeepconcernsaboutthelong-termintentionsoftheother,andthoseconcernswillnotdisappearoftheirownaccord.

Cooperationonthekey,enduringglobalchallenges,suchasclimatechange,candeepenunderstandingandenhanceconfidence.Wealsoneedtodeepenhigh-leveldialoguesonasustainedbasisoneconomic,securityandglobalpoliticalissues.Ourmilitariesshouldincreasenotonlythequantityoftheircontactsbutthequalityoftheirengagement.

Inthemodernworld,non-traditionalsecuritythreatsareloomingincreasinglylarge.Theseincludethechallengesofterrorism,proliferation,failedstates,infectiousdiseases,humanitariandisastersandpiracyonthehighseas.TheUnitedStatesandChinahavedevelopedsomecooperationineachoftheseareas,butinsomewecontinuetohaverealdifferences,aboutwhichwemustbecandid.Inparticular,IlooktoChinatoworkwithustopreventIranfromdevelopingnuclearweapons,tohaltthegenocideinDarfurandtohelpreversetheslideintoanarchyinZimbabwe.

GreaterprogressinprotectingthehumanrightsofallitspeopleandmovingtowarddemocracyandruleoflawwillbetterenableChinatoachieveitsfullpotentialasanation,domesticallyandinternationally.China’sownpeoplewillexpect,indeeddemand,this.SuchchangewillnotweakenChina,asitsleadersmayfear,butwillprovideafirmerbasisforlong-termstabilityandprosperity.Chinacannotstandindefinitelyapartfromtheglobaltrendtowarddemocraticgovernment,ruleoflawandfullexerciseofhumanrights.ProtectionoftheuniqueculturalandreligioustraditionsoftheTibetanpeopleisanintegralpartofsuchanagenda.

Sincethe1970s,America’spolicyofengagingChinahasproducedmajorbenefitsforbothsidesandforAsiaoverall.TheUS-Chinarelationshiphashaditsshareofchallenges,andnewoneswillinevitablyemerge.Especiallyinaworldofcommonsecurity,whereeventsinanycorneroftheglobecanaffecttheentireplanet,theworldmorethaneverrequiresthateverymajorcountrynotonlypursueitsnarrowinterestsbutalsoacceptitsresponsibilitytopursueurgentlyneededsolution