北京市东城区高三一模英语.docx

北京市东城区高三一模英语.docx

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北京市东城区高三一模英语

北京市东城区2020—2021学年度第二学期高三综合练习

（一）

英语

2021.4

本试卷共10页，共100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：

知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

ALabradorhasbeendoinganimportantjobtohelppeoplestaysafeduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.

Eight-year-oldRobyrunsthroughthestreetsofthehillycityofMedellinseveraltimesadaywitha1inhisjaws,takingvegetables,fruitandpackagedfoodstocustomersoftheFresh4Umini-market.

“Hehelpsustomaintainsocialdistancing,”saidRoby’owner,SherryBotero.“Andpeople2itwhenwesendthedog.”Robyenjoyseatingcarrots3tohimbycustomers,atipforbringingabasketoffood.

Robywasn’talwaysastar.Hewasacceptedintothefamily4byMsBoteroafterrepeatedrequestsbyhersonto5adog.

ButMsBoteroquickly6withthedog.Andwhensheopenedamini-marketfouryearsago,hestartedtoaccompanyhertomakedeliveries.

Robycan’tread7.Butheremembersthenamesofcustomerswhohavepreviouslyrewardedhimwithtreats.Andwithsomepractice,hehaslearnedtogototheirhousesonhisown.

“Heknowsthenamesoffiveorsixofourcustomers,”MsBoterosaid,“SoIsendthegoodswithareceiptinthebasket,andmycustomers8methroughabanktransfer（转账；转移）.”

Robymightnotknowthathe’sbecomean9worker.Butheishappytohelphisownerand10hisdailypay.

1.A.bagB.chainC.basketD.stick

2.A.respectB.loveC.followD.notice

3.A.giftedB.returnedC.lentD.donated

4.A.intentionallyB.regretfullyC.immediatelyD.unwillingly

5.A.adoptB.trainC.adoreD.walk

6.A.gotawayB.keptintouchC.caughtupD.fellinlove

7.A.mindsB.addressesC.numbersD.receipts

8.A.treatB.helpC.payD.impress

9.A.essentialB.honestC.optimisticD.adventurous

10.A.spendB.calculateC.collectD.increase

第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Cometsareamongthemostbeautifulandinteresting11（sight）intheuniverse.Forcenturies,people12（show）greatinterestinstudyingthem.In1682,EdmundHalley,anastronomer,noticedacometthatwasespeciallybrightandlarge.Basedonhiscalculations,Halleypredictedthatthisbrightcometwouldreturnin1758or1759—thiswasabout75years13hefirstsawthecomet.Thecometreallyreturnedontimeanditwasnamed“Halley’sComet”inhonorofEdmundHalley.

B

Emmawasonherwayhomewhensheheardasuddenscream.Lookingaround,shesawalittleboyonthesidewalkgasping（急喘）forair,his14（frighten）motherbeggingforhelp.Emmarushedtotheboy,15facehadturnedpurple.“What’swrong?

”“Acandy!

Inhisthroat!

”ItwasluckythatEmmahadlearnedhow16（perform）theHeimlichmaneuver（海姆利克急救法）atschool.Sheactedquickly.Soon,theboycoughedupapieceofcandyandbeganbreathingagain.He17（save）intime.

C

InJapan,thewordbonsaimeanstrayplant.Itreferstotheinteresting18（combine）ofartandtheplantingandgrowingofminiaturetreesandplants.BonsaioriginatedinChinamorethan2,000yearsagoand19（spread）toJapanabout700yearsago.Somepeoplebelievethatonlysmallplantsmustbeusedinbonsai,butthisisnottrue.Nearlyanytypeoftreeorplantcanbeused,aslongasitisgrown20aseedorasmallcutting.

第二部分：

阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Aspartofourmissiontoinspirethenextgenerationofscientists,inventorsandengineers,theScienceMuseumGroup（SMG）haslaunchedanexcitingnewonlinegame—TotalDarkness.

OverthelastyearwehavebeendevelopingTotalDarknesswiththeaimofcreatinganexperiencethatcanhaveapositiveimpactonpeople’sattitudestowardsSTEM（science,technology,engineeringandmaths）,aswellashavingafocusonself-reflection,ratherthanaskingplayerstorecallspecificfactsorconcepts.

TotalDarknessisadigitalstorytellingexperiencewhichencouragesyoungpeopletorecognisehowtheskillstheyuseeverydayrelatetoSTEMandcanhelpthemdeveloptheirconfidenceinsciencethinking.Thegameinvitestheplayertosolveamysteriouspowercutintheirhometown.Thegameputsplayersincontrol,allowingtheirchoicesanddecisionstoguidethemthroughthestory.

Astheplayernavigatesthroughthedarkenedstreetsofthetown,equippedonlywithatorch,theywillfacevariouschallenges.Usingtheircuriosity,communicationskillsandcreativeproblemsolving,theywilldiscovernewtheoriesaboutwhatmighthavecausedtheblackout（停电；断电）.Butwitheverysteptheirtorchfades,andtheplayermustsolvethemysterybeforethebatteryrunsout.

Theplayer’schoicesandactionsthroughoutthegamewillscorethemcuriosity,creativityorcommunicationpoints.Attheend,theskillstheplayerhasusedwillberevealedalongwiththeirsciencestyle,showinghowtheycouldputtheirskillsintoactionintherealworld.

TotalDarknessisaimedat8-15year-olds—animportantstageinteens’sciencedevelopment.Researchshowsthatasteensmakethestepbetweenprimaryandsecondary,manymoveawayfromaninterestinscienceasotherinfluenceshaveastrongerpullintheirlives.

TotalDarknessisafreeonlinegameplayableonsmartphone,tabletanddesktop.Playnowattotaldarkness.sciencemuseum.org.uk.

21.TotalDarknessaimstohelpplayers______.

A.recallscientificconcepts

B.betterunderstandSTEM

C.improvestorytellingabilities

D.developcommunicationskills

22.What’sthekeytogettingpointsinTotalDarkness?

A.Judgement.B.Teamwork.

C.Equipment.D.Gamingskills.

23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Topromoteanewproduct.

B.TointroducetheSMG’smission.

C.Toexplaintherulesofanonlinegame.

D.ToemphasizetheimportanceofSTEM.

B

NickTorrance,ajuniorinhighschool,suffersfrommusculardystrophy（肌肉萎缩症）,andattendsschoolinaspecializedwheelchair.Themusclediseasepreventshimfromaccomplishingmanyeverydaytasks,suchascarryinghisbooksandputtingthingsawayinhislocker.Sohehadafellowstudentassignedtohelphim.ButAmySmith,theschool’soccupationaltherapist（治疗师）,thoughtthatbeingabletodosomethingsimplelikeopeninghislockeronhisownwouldbeempowering.

Amyinitiallythoughttheywouldbeabletobuyadevicetohelp.Butsearchingonlineturnedupnothingthatcouldmeettheirneeds—everythingneededakeycodeorsomeotherphysicalaction,thingsherdisabledstudentcouldn’tdo.Aftertheoutsidesearchforamethodcameupshort,shelookedwithintheschoolitselfforananswer.Amyturnedtotheschool’sroboticsinstructor.

Theinstructor,inturn,suggestedthattwoofhismostcapablestudentstakeontheproject:

MicahStuhldreherandWyattSmrcka.Theytookfirstplaceinanationalroboticscompetition,sotheywereanaturalchoicetotacklethelockerdoorproblemwitharoboticssolution.MicahandWyattwastednotimegettingdowntoworkandforanhoureachschoolday,theboysbrainstormed,built,andrebuiltvariousversionsofthedeviceuntiltheylandedontheperfectsolutiononeyearlater.

Likeinanydevicedevelopment,ittookalotoftrialanderrorforMicahandWyatttomakesomethingthatwouldworkfortheirtargetaudience.Forexample,theyinitiallybuiltalocker-openingbutton,butNickwasn’tstrongenoughtopushit,sotheyreplaceditwithasensor.

Now,betweenclassesNicksteershiselectricwheelchairtohislockerandwaveshishandoverasensoronthearmofthewheelchair.Afewsecondslater,thelockerdoorswingsopen.Anotherwaveclosesthedoor.Nickcanmakeitwithease—itmaybeasmallthing,butitgiveshimasenseofindependence.

24.WhydidAmySmithwantadevice?

A.Toincreaseherstudent’sconfidence.

B.Toencouragecooperationatschool.

C.Toinspirearoboticsinvention.

D.Tohelptreatamuscledisease.

25.Withasensorinhiswheelchair,Nickcan______.

A.movearoundeasilyB.puthisthingsaway

C.continuehisschoolingD.openandclosehislocker

26.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeMicahandWyatt?

A.Caringandpassionate.B.Talentedandambitious.

C.Sensitiveandinsightful.D.Humbleandwarmhearted.

C

Vaccines（疫苗）maysoonmaketheirfirstfilmappearance.LedbyexpertMariaA.Croyle,researchershavedevelopedathinsheetthatpreservesvaccinesforlongperiodswithoutrefrigeration.Thismeansthecarefullycooledsmallbottlesnowusedtoshipvaccinescouldpotentiallybereplacedbylightweightfilmsthatcanbemailedinanenvelopeandstoredonashelf.

Croyle’slaboratorybegandevelopingthetechnologyin2007.Inspiredbyamber’sabilitytopreservetheDNAofinsects,theresearcherssetouttocreatetheirownversionofthesubstancebymixing“alotofsugarandalittlebitofsalt,muchlikehardcandy,”Croyleexplains.Thevaccine-containingfilmisadministeredbymouth—sweetnewsformanywhodislikeneedles.

Thefilmistailoredtosuiteachspecificvaccinecandidateandprovideaprotectivecoating.“We’velearnedovertimethatthekeytoreallystabilizingwhateverthefilmholdsistohaveitintermixedwithallthecomponents,”Croylesays,addingthattheprocessisquickandusesaffordable,standardequipment.“Wereallywantedtocomeupwithsomethingthatwouldbetransferabletodevelopingcountries.”

Immunization（免疫）programsdependheavilyonkeepingvaccinescold（2℃-8℃）astheyaretransported,sometimesoverthousandsofkilometerstofar-awaylocations.Deliverycanbedifficultandcos