高考全国卷I阅读理解真题含详解答案.docx

高考全国卷I阅读理解真题含详解答案.docx

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高考全国卷I阅读理解真题含详解答案

A

YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?

JaneAddams（1860-1935）

AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity（社区）bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.

RachelCarson（1907-1964）

Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpring raisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.

SandraDayO’Connor（1930-present）

WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator（参议员）and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.

RosaParks（1913-2005）

OnDecember1.1995,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.

21.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?

A.Hersocialwork.

B.Herteachingskills.

C.Hereffortstowinaprize.

D.Hercommunitybackground.

22.WhatwasthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?

A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.

B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.

C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.

D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.

23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?

A.JaneAddams.                                

B.RachelCarson.

C.SandraDayO’Connor                     

D.RosaParks.

24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?

A.Theyarehighlyeducated.                

B.Theyaretrulycreative.

C.Theyarepioneers.                         

D.Theyarepeace-lovers. 

21.【解析】A

信息概括题。

根据第二段 “…asocialworker” 可明显得出答案，故A正确。

22.【解析】C

细节题。

根据第四段 “Shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.” 可知，原因在于对女性的歧视，故C正确。

23.【解析】D

细节题。

根据第五段 “…kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement” 可知，RosaPark推动了民权运动，故D正确。

24.【解析】C

推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句 “AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize”；第三段第一句 “Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentmovementmightnotexisttoday”；第四段第二句 “… thefirstwomantojointheU.SSupremeCourt”；最后一段第三句 “… kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement”，可知，四位女性都是历史上的先锋，故C正确。

B

GrandparentsAnsweraCall

Asathird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandhersonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.

NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertotheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudy,,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.

“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenough,fastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristianeCrosby,publisherofGrazamagazineforgrandparents.“Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.”

Movingisnotforeveryone.Althougheverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstrugglingbutgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.

25. WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?

A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.

B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.

C.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.

D.Ithelpedherknowmoreplaces.

26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?

A.17%expressedtheirsupportforit.

B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.

C.32%believedithadabadinfluence.

D.Themajoritysuggesteditwasatrend.

27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?

A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.

B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.

C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.

D.Theyhadlittleexperiencesfortheirgrandparents.

28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?

A.Makethedecisionsinthebestinterestoftheirown.

B.Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.

C.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.

D.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.

25．【解析】A

细节题。

定位首段末句由“Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities”可知答案。

26．【解析】D

细节题。

定位第二段，由“83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.”可知，约83%的人认为Mrs.Robinson的决定会影响美国的很多祖父母，说明不是17%而是83%的人支持，排除A；B选项文中未提及；83%的人支持，说明认为有很坏影响的人占的比例不可能超过17%；D选项符合文意。

27．【解析】C

推断题。

由第三段首句“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenough,fastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown”可推断20世纪60年代的时候，人们想要离开家去证明自己的能力但现实并不允许，心里其实是想离开家的，C选项正确。

28．【解析】A

推断题。

由最后一段“butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstrugglingbutgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder”可知有时候对祖父母来说，和孩子孙子们住在一起并非就是好的选择，反而不住在一起而是频繁去探访子孙会更好，因为这样就不需要改变祖父母自己熟知的生活方式，由此可推测出作者的建议祖父母是否搬去和子孙一起住最好从祖父母的需求出发，选择A。

C

IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcell courier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips–ofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐献者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.                        

IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:

“well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:

“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.   

Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?

A.provider                            

B.deliveryman

C.collector                           

D.medicaldoctor

30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?

A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.

B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.

C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.

D.Theicewon’tlastanylonger.

31.WhichfightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?

A.ToLondon.                        

B.ToNewark.

C.ToProvidence.                         

D.ToWashington.

29．【解析】B

词义猜测题。

根据第一段第二行 carrystemcells 可知，作者是运送细胞的人，所以选择B选项，deliveryman。

30．【解析】D

细节题。

从第一段第三行“becauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast. ”可以知道选择D选项，“theicewon’tlastanylonger.”

31．【解析】B

细节题。

由原文第三段倒数第二行“re-routedmethroughNewark”可知，答案选B。

D

Themeaningofsilencecarriesamongculturegroups.Silencemaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,or,worry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap（间隙）withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.

ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied（暗示）isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.

Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninautho