对外经贸大学考研常用法律专业英语术语三新祥旭考研pdf.docx
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对外经贸大学考研常用法律专业英语术语三新祥旭考研pdf
常用法律英语三，法理和民法部分
法律渊源sourceoflaw制定法statute判例法caselaw;precedent普通法commonlaw特别法speciallaw固有法nativelaw;indigenouslaw继受法adoptedlaw实体法substantiallaw程序法procedurallaw
原则法fundamentallaw例外法exceptionlaw司法解释judicialinterpretation
习惯法customarylaw公序良俗publicorderandmoral自然法naturallaw罗马法RomanLaw私法privatelaw公法publiclaw市民法juscivile万民法jusgentium
民法法系civillawsystem英美法系systemofAnglo-Americanlaw大陆法系civillawsystem普通法commonlaw
大陆法continentallaw罗马法系Romanlawsystem英吉利法Englishlaw衡平法equity;lawofequity日尔曼法Germanticlaw教会法ecclesiasticallaw寺院法canonlaw伊斯兰法Islamiclaw
民法法律规范normofcivillaw授权规范authorizationnorm禁止规范forbiddingnorm义务性规范obligatorynorm命令性规范commandingnorm
民法基本原则fundamentalprinciplesofcivillaw
平等原则principleofequality自愿原则principleoffreewill
公平原则principleofjustice等价有偿原则principleofequalvalueexchange诚实信用原则principleofgoodfaith行为act
作为act不作为omission
合法行为lawfulact违法行为unlawfulact民事权利权利能力civilright绝对权absoluteright相对权relativeright
优先权rightofpriority
先买权preemption原权antecedentright救济权rightofrelief支配权rightofdominion
请求权rightofclaim物上请求权rightofclaimforrealthing形成权rightofformation
撤销权rightofclaimingcancellation否认权rightofclaimingcancellation解除权rightofrenouncement代位权subrogatedright
选择权rightofchoice承认权rightofadmission终止权rightoftermination抗辩权rightofdefense一时性抗辩权momentaryrightofdefense永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argumentright不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argumentright
同时履行抗辩权defenserightofsimultaneousperformance既得权testedright期待权expectantright
专属权exclusiveright非专属权non-exclusiveright人身权利personalright
人权humanright人格权rightofpersonality生命健康权rightoflifeandhealth
姓名权rightofname名称权rightofname
肖像权rightofportraiture自由权rightoffreedom名誉权rightreputation隐私权rightofprivacy私生活秘密权rightofprivacy
贞操权virginityright身份权rightofstatus
亲权parentalpower;parentalright亲属权rightofrelative探视权visitationright配偶权rightofspouse
荣誉权rightofhonor权利的保护protectionofright公力救济publicprotection私力救济self-protection权利本位standardofright社会本位standardofsociety无责任行为irresponsibleright
正当防卫justifiableright;ligitimatedefence防卫行为actofdefence自为行为self-conductingact
紧急避险actofrescue;necessity自助行为actofself-help不可抗力forcemajeure意外事件accident
行为能力capacityforact意思能力capacityofwill民事行为civilact
意思表示declarationofintention意思表示一致meetingofminds;consensus完全行为能力perfectcapacityforact限制行为能力restrictivecapacityforact准禁治产人quasi-interdictedperson保佐protection
自治产人minorwhoiscapableofadministeringhisowncapacity无行为能力incapacityforact禁治产人interdictedperson自然人naturalperson公民citizen
住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequentlydwellingplace户籍censusregister监护guardianship
个体工商户individualbusiness农村承包经营户leaseholdingruralhousehold
合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnershipagreement合伙财产propertyofpartnership合伙债务debtofpartnership入伙joinpartnership
退伙withdrawalfrompartnership
合伙企业partnershipbusinessestablishment
个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnershipoflegalperson特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civilpartnership隐名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership私营企业privateenterprise;proprietorship
法人legalperson企业法人legalbodyofenterprise企业集团groupofenterprise关联企业affiliateenterprise个人独资企业individualbusinessestablishment
国有独资企业solelystate-ownedenterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreignjointventureenterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreigncontractualenterprise社团法人legalbodyofmassorganization
财团法人legalbodyoffinancialgroup
联营jointventure法人型联营associationoflegalpersons合伙型联营coordinatedmanagementinpartnership协作型联营cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为civillegalact单方民事法律行为unilateralcivillegalact双方民事法律行为bilateralcivillegalact多方民事法律行为jointactcivillegalact有偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithconsideration无偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithoutconsideration;civillegalactwithoutaward
实践性民事法律行为practicalcivillegalact诺成性民事法律行为consentalcivillegalact要式民事法律行为formalcivillegalact不要式民事法律行为informalcivillegalact要因民事法律行为causativecivillegalact不要因民事法律行为noncausativecivillegalact主民事法律行为principalcivillegalact从民事法律行为accessorycivillegalact附条件民事法律行为conditionalcivillegalact附期限民事法律行为civillegalactwithterm生前民事法律行为civillegalactbeforedeath死后民事法律行为civillegalactafterdeath准民事法律行为quasi-civillegalact
无效行为ineffectiveact可撤销民事行为revocablecivilact违法行为illegalact;unlawfulact侵权行为tort欺诈fraud
胁迫duress乘人之危takingadvantageofothers’precariousposition以合法形式掩盖非法目的legalformconcealingillegalintention恶意串通maliciouscollaboration重大误解grossmisunderstanding显失公平obviousunjust误传misrepresentation
代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人originalagent
法定代理人statutoryagent;legalagent
委托代理人agentbymandate指定代理人designatedagent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent
转代理人subagent代理权rightofagency
授权行为actofauthorization授权委托书powerofattorney
代理行为actofagency委托代理agencybymandate
本代理originalagency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorizedagency
表见代理agencybyestoppel;apparentagency律师代理agencybylawyer
普通代理generalagency全权代理generalagency
全权代理委托书generalpowerofattorney共同代理jointagency
独家代理soleagency
居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission;brokerhouse信托trust时效timelimit;prescription;limitation时效中止suspensionofprescription/limitation
时效中断interruptionoflimitation/prescription
时效延长extensionoflimitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapseoftime;terminationofprescription
期日date期间term
涉外民事关系civilrelationswithforeignelements冲突规范ruleofconflict
准据法applicablelaw;governinglaw
反致renvoi;remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserveofpublicorder法律规避evasionoflaw国籍nationality国有化nationalization
法律责任legalliability民事责任civilliability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility
刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility
违约责任liabilityofbreachofcontract;responsibilityofdefault有限责任limitedliability无限责任unlimitedliability
按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任jointandseveralliability过失责任liabilityfornegligence;negligentliability
过错责任faultliability;liabilityforfault
单独过错solefault共同过错jointfault混合过错mixedfault被害人过错victim’sfault第三人过错thirdparty’sfault推定过错presumptivefault恶意badfaith;malice
故意deliberateintention;intention;willfulness过失negligence重大过失grossnegligence疏忽大意的过失carelessandinadvertentnegligence过于自信的过失negligencewithundueassumption损害事实factsofdamage有形损失tangibledamage/loss
无形损失intangibledamage/loss财产损失propertydamage/loss人身损失personaldamage/loss精神损失spiritualdamage/loss民事责任承担方式methodsofbearingcivilliability
停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact
排除妨碍exclusionofhindrance;removalofobstacle
消除危险eliminationofdanger返还财产restitutionofproperty恢复原状restitution;restitutionoforiginalstate
赔偿损失compensateforaloss;indemnifyforaloss支付违约金paymentofliquidateddamage消除影响eliminateilleffects
恢复名誉rehabilitateone’sreputation赔礼道歉extendaformalapology
物权jusadrem;rightinrem;realright物权制度realrightsystem;rightinremsystem
一物一权原则theprincipalofOnething,OneRight物权法定主义principaloflegalityofrightinrem物权公示原则principalofpublicsummonsofrightinrem物权法jusrerem物property
生产资料rawmaterialforproduction
生活资料meansoflivelihood;meansofsubsistence流通物resincommercium;athingincommerce限制流通物limitedmerchantablething
禁止流通物resextracommercium;athingoutofcommerce资产asset固定资产fixedasset
流动资产currentasset;floatingasset
动产movables;chattel不动产immovable;realestate特定物rescertae;acertainthing
种类物genus;indefinitething
可分物resdivisibiles;divisiblethings不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisiblethings主物rescapitalis;aprincipalthing
从物resaccessoria;anaccessorything原物originalthing孳息fruits
天然孳息naturalfruits法定孳息legalfruits无主物bonavacatia;vacantgoods;ownerlessgoods遗失物lostproperty漂流物driftingobject埋藏物fortuna;hiddenproperty
货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classificationofrightinrem/realright自物权jusinrepropria;rightoffullownership所有权dominium;ownership;title
所有权凭证documentoftitle;titleofownership占有权dominiumutile;equitableownership使用权rightofuse;righttouseof
收益权righttoearnings;righttoyields处分权rightofdisposing;jusdispodendi善意占有possessioningoodfaith
恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession
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