土木工程专业外语结课论文.docx

土木工程专业外语结课论文.docx

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土木工程专业外语结课论文

Abstract

Asinrecentyearstoacceleratethedevelopmentofcity,occupythecivilengineeringineconomicdevelopmentbecomesmoreandmoreimportant.Yes

InenteringastudentofCivilEngineeringUniversityofcivilengineering,haveadeepknowledgeisamust.

WewillclassifytheprospectofcivilengineeringanalysisforustofurtherunderstandthewayofCivilEngineering.

Keyword：

CivilEngineeringDevelopmentClassification

一、Introduction.

Throughthiscourse,Igottoknowandunderstandtheirownprofessionalandindustryinthefutureareengagedin,butalsostimulatetheinterestofcivilengineering.Alampthatcourseislikethevastsea,isjustfromthewaywespecifiedthedirection,nomatterfromwhichangleisverymeaningful.Inthefuturecourseofstudy,wewillthenworkharder.ThefollowingismyafterlearningthiscoursealittleonCivilEngineeringknowledge.

Civilengineeringisthegeneraltermfortheconstructionofvariousengineeringfacilitiesinscience,technologyandengineering.Itreferstothehumanlife,productionofvariouskindsofengineeringfacilities,suchasbuildingengineering,roadengineering,bridgeengineering,railwayengineering,portengineering,alsoreferstotheuseofmaterials,equipmentinthelandofreconnaissance,design,construction,engineeringandtechnicalactivities.Civilengineeringisoneofthepioneersoftheneedsofthesocietyandthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology"clothing,food,live,row";heinanycountryinthenationaleconomyoccupiesthepositionofplayadecisiverole.

二、ThebasicpropertiesofCivilEngineering

（1）、Comprehensive

Aprojecttobuildthefacilitiesingeneraltogothroughinvestigation,designandconstructioninthreestages,needknowledgeandcomputerandmechanicaltesting,theuseofgeologicalprospectingprojects,hydrogeologicalsurvey,engineeringsurvey,soilmechanics,engineeringmechanics,engineeringdesign,buildingmaterials,constructionequipment,engineeringmachinery,buildingtheeconomy,andtheconstructiontechnology,constructionorganizationandotherareasoftechnology.Civilengineeringisthereforeabroadrangeofintegrateddisciplines.

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologydevelopmentandengineeringpractice,thecivilengineeringdisciplineshavealsobeendevelopedintoacomprehensivesystemofbroadconnotation,categorynumerous,complicatedstructure.Forexample,theengineeringfacilitiesconstructionofcivilengineeringusefunction,homelivingforsomepurposes,andasa"belaidtorest"grave;assomeproductionactivities;someareusefulforseaandairtransport;someareusedforwaterconservancy;othersasatoolforinformationtransmission;someasenergytransmissionmethodsetc..Thisrequirestheintegrateduseofvariouscivilengineeringmaterialconditions,tomeetthediverseneedsof.Civilengineeringhasdevelopedmanybranches,suchasbuildingengineering,railwayengineering,roadengineering,airportengineering,bridgeengineering,tunnelandundergroundengineering,specialengineeringstructure,watersupplyanddrainageengineering,cityheatingandgassupplyengineering,portengineering,waterconservancyengineering.Someofthesebranches,suchaswaterconservancyproject,duetothedevelopmentofitsobjectisgrowingandspecializedinscienceandtechnology,hasbeenfromthecivilengineeringdivisionbyanindependentdisciplinarysystem,buttheyarestillverymuchhasthecommonfeaturesofcivilengineering.

（2）、Social

Civilengineeringisaccompaniedbythedevelopmentofhumansocietyandthedevelopmentof.Itworksintheconstructionoffacilitiesreflectthefaceofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,technology,science,cultureineveryhistoricalperiod,sothecivilengineeringhasbecomeoneofthesocialandhistoricaldevelopmentofthewitness.Inancienttimes,peoplebegantobuildsimplehouses,roads,bridgesandfarmland,tomeetthesimplelifeandproductionneeds.Later,peopleinordertoadapttothewar,productionanddisseminationofreligiouslifeandtheneedtobuildthecity,canals,,palaces,templesandotherbuildings.Manywell-knownworksshowninthishistoricalperiodofhumancreativity.Forexample,ChinatheGreatWall,Dujiangyan,theGrandeCanale,theZhaozhouBridge,theYingxianWoodTower,thePyramidofEgypt,Greece'sParthenon,Rome'swatersupplyproject,KoloSimArena（RomeColiseum）,andmanyotherfamouschurches,palaces.

Aftertheindustrialrevolution,especiallyintwentiethCentury,ontheonehandisthesocietyputsforwardnewrequirementstothecivilengineering;ontheotherhand,eachfieldofthesocietytocreategoodconditionsfortheadvancementofcivilengineering.Suchasbuildingmaterials（steel,cement）forindustrialproduction,machineryandenergytechnologyanddesigntheoryofprogress,haveprovidedmaterialandtechnicalguaranteeforcivilengineering.Thusthisperiodofcivilengineeringhasmakeaspurtofprogressofdevelopment.Intherestoftheworldinthemodernlarge-scaleindustrialplants,skyscrapers,nuclearpowerplants,highwaysandrailways,long-spanbridge,largediameterpipeline,longtunnel,theGrandeCanale,bigdams,bigairport,portandmarineengineeringetc..Moderncivilengineeringtocreateanewphysicalenvironmentforthehumansociety,hasbecomeanimportantpartofmoderncivilizationofhumansociety.

（3）Practicality

Civilengineeringisaverypracticalsubject.Intheearlydays,throughthecivilengineeringpractice,summingupsuccessfulexperience,especiallydrawlessonsfromthefailureofdeveloped.FromthebeginningofseventeenthCentury,withGalileoandNewtonasacombinationofpilotwiththemechanicsofthemoderncivilengineeringpractice,graduallyformedthemechanicalmaterialmechanics,structuralmechanics,fluidmechanics,rockmass,asthebasisofthetheoryofcivilengineeringdiscipline.Thisexperienceincivilengineeringfromthegraduallydevelopedintoascience.Intheprocessofthedevelopmentofcivilengineering,engineeringpracticeoftenfirstexperienceintheory,engineeringaccidentsoftenshowanewunforeseenfactors,triggeringanewtheoryofresearchanddevelopment.Yetmanyengineeringproblems,stillrelyonpracticalexperienceintheverygreatdegree.

Thedevelopmentofcivilengineeringtechnologywiththemainreasonforengineeringpracticeandnotbyvirtueofscientificexperimentsandtheoreticalstudies,fortworeasons:

oneissomeobjectiveconditionsaretoocomplex,difficulttofaithfullycarryoutlaboratoryorfieldtestingandanalysis.Forexample,thefoundation,tunnelandundergroundengineeringbytheforceanddeformationofthestateanditschangesovertime,stillneedtorefertoananalysisofengineeringexperiencetojudge.Twoisonlyanewengineeringpractice,inordertorevealnewproblems.Forexample,theconstructionofahigh-risebuildings,high-risetowerandmastspanbridges,windandearthquakeengineeringproblemshighlighted,inordertodevelopthisnewtheoryandtechnology.

Theunityofthepeopleoftechnology,economicandarchitecturalartistobuildaneconomicandengineeringfacilities,scheduledtomeettheneedsofusers,includingaestheticrequirements.Andaprojecteconomyiscloselyrelatedtothetechnologyandactivities.Firstofallworksoftheeconomicperformanceoflocation,overallplanninginengineering,followedbytheperformanceinthedesignandconstructiontechnology.Thetotalinvestmentinconstructionprojects,duringtheeconomicbenefitsanduseprojectafterthecompletionoftherepaircosts,itistheimportantmeasureofEngineeringeconomy.Closelylinkedtothesetechnicalproblems,needtoconsider.

Meettheperformancerequirementsofthecivilengineeringfacilitiesasaspaceforart,firstofallthroughthegenerallayout,itsshape,size,proportionofeachpartofthelines,colors,darkshadowwiththesurroundingenvironment,includingitscoordinationwiththenatureharmoniousshows;thesecondisreflectedbytheattachedtothelocaladornmentengineeringfacilities.Themodellingofengineeringfacilitiesanddecorationcanalsoshowthelocalstyle,ethnicstyleandthestyleofthetimes.Asuccessful,beautifulengineeringfacilities,canthesceneryaroundtown,theappearanceofbeauty,givepeopletheenjoymentofbeauty;onthecontrary,willdamagetheenvironment.

Inthelong-termpracticeofcivilengineering,peoplenotonlybuildinggreatattentiontothearts,hasmadeoutstandingachievements;andotherworks,butalsothroughtheuseofdifferentbuildingmaterials,suchastheuseofstone,steelandreinforcedconcrete,constructionofmanyintheartsisverybeautiful,functionalandverygoodprojectcooperationthenaturalenvironment.TheancientChinatheGreatWall,themodernworld,manyofthetelevisiontowerandthebridge,areexamplesinthisregard.

三、TheevolutionhistoryofCivilEngineering

Theancientancientcivilengineeringcivilengineeringhasalongtimespan,itroughlyfrom5000BCduringthenewstoneagetothemiddleoftheseventeenthCentury,beforeandafterabout7000.Thebrilliantachievementshavebeenachievedinbuilding,bridgeengineering,waterconservancy,towerengineeringetc..Someancientcivilizationsofmanyfamousmasterpiece,stillstandasfirmasarock.Forexample,China'stheGreatWall,thePyramidofEgypt.BuiltinsixthCenturyadZhaozhouBridgeopenshouldertypearchbridge,istheworld'sfirst,in1991bytheUSAsocietyofcivilengineeringpickedforthe12Shangdicivilengineeringmilepost.

Inmoderncivilengineeringcivilengineeringofthetimespanfrommidsevente