上海高三英语一模概要写作汇编16区全教师版.docx

上海高三英语一模概要写作汇编16区全教师版.docx

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上海高三英语一模概要写作汇编16区全教师版

2021宝山区一模

BeyondIdentity

Weoftenthinkofourselvesasourbody,mind,andemotions.Wetakethesethreeelementsandmakeacombination.However,wealsooftentalkaboutaperson’ssoul.Isthereanyscientificbasisforthesoul?

Surprisingly,thereis.Eachuniquepersonalityapersonhas（evenincircumstancesofmemorylossandotherillnesses）,thefeelingandidentityoftheselfbeyondage（especiallyexperiencedaswegrowolder）,andourinevitablesubjectiveexperienceasanindividualconsistofascientificfoundationforthesoul.

Despitetheconstantshiftinthelinksbetweenourbraincells,weremainessentiallythesamepersonality.Thisconsistencyismostobviousinthecaseofmentallyillpatientsorpeoplewhohaveexperiencedmemoryloss.AccordingtoScientificAmerican:

Basically,nomatterwhathappenstoourbrain,ouruniquepersonalityseemstoshinethrough.

Besidesone’spersonality,thesoulofapersoncanbeidentifiedthroughone’sconsciousness.Thoughwecommonlyidentifywithourbodyandwhatweseeinthemirror,wealsohaveasensethatwearenotacertainage—asoursenseofselfusuallyleanslessonageandratheronoursubjectivefeelingofwhoweareessentially.

Lastly,eachpersonisinevitablysubjectiveabouthisorherexperience.Despitehumansbeingvery,verysimilartoeachotherinDNAandoverallcomposition,ourunderstandingofrealityisvastlydifferentfromindividualtoindividual.AccordingtoPsychologyToday,“Whilesciencehasmadetremendousprogressexplainingthefunctioningofthebrain,whywehaveasubjectiveexperienceremainsmysterious.Theproblemofthesoulliesexactlyhere,inunderstandingthenatureoftheself,the“I”inexistencethatfeelsandliveslife.

Thesoulofapersonisincrediblychallengingtoprovescientifically.However,wecansaythatthesoulhassomebasisinscience.Theserealitiesofourbehavior,character,andthewayyounoticethingsmightnotbetestedstrictly,buttheyareverydifficulttodeny.

参考答案：

Thepersonality,thefeelingandidentityoftheself,andsubjectiveexperiencecompriseascientificbasisforthesoulofaperson.Whateverhappenstothebrain,thepersonalityseemstoexist.Thesoulcanalsoberecognizedmainlythroughthesenseoftheselfandtheirownunderstandingofthenature.Thereisnoreasontodenyitscientifically.60words

2021崇明一模

TrainYourBrain

Whenwasthelasttimesomethingimportantslippedyourmind?

Fortunately,memorycanbeimproved.People’sabilitytorememberhaslesstodowithnaturaltalentthanitdoeswithtrainingandpractice.

Whenstudentswanttoprepareforatest,theyoftentrytostudybysimplyreadingoverthematerialagain,copyingnotes,etc.Butthesemethodsofrememberingarenotalwayseffective.Peopleremembermorewhentheyactivelyengagewiththematerialtheyarelearningratherthanpassivelyreceivingit.Onegreatwaytodothisistotestyourselfonthematerial.Comeupwithquestionsaboutthetopic,andtrytoanswerthemwithoutlookingatyournotes.Italsohelpstotrytoengagewiththematerialindifferentways.Forexample,youcouldwriteyourownoutlineorstudyguide.Themoreyouusetheinformation,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.

Mymusicinstructorsaidthatit’sbettertopracticeforfiveminutesaday,sevendaysaweek,thanfortwohoursononeday.Thesamegoesforrememberinginformation.Themoreyouspreadoutthetimeyouspendreviewinginformation,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.

Apsychologist,HermannEbbinghaus,madeanimportantdiscoveryaboutmemoryandforgetting.Hefoundthatpeopletendtoforgetinformationinaregularpattern.Theyforgetthemostinformationshortlyafterlearningit.Therateatwhichtheyforgetthenslowsdownovertime.Everytimethepersonreviewstheinformation,itcausesthemtoforgetlessofit—whichmeanstheyremembermore.Soitisessentialtoreviewthingsyouwanttoremembershortlyafterlearningthem.Overtime,youcanreviewthemlessandlessfrequently.

Applyingthesestrategieswillhelpimproveyourmemorysothatyoucanaccesseverythingyoulearnwheneveryouneedit.

参考答案：

Yourmemorycanimproveifproperlytrainedandpracticed.Firstly,insteadofreceivingwhatyoulearnpassively,useitactivelyandfrequentlyinvariousways,whichhelpsyourememberitbetter.Secondly,spendlesstimereviewingiteachtimebutmorefrequently.Lastly,reviewitsoonafterthelearning.（49words）

2021奉贤区一模

PopulationChangeofEuropeanBirds

ThebreedingbirdpopulationsinEuropehaveseenagreatshiftoverthepastthreedecades,drivenbybothclimatecrisisandhumaninterferences,accordingtooneoftheworld’slargestcitizenscienceprojectsonbiodiversity.

Overall,35%ofbirdsincreasedtheirbreedingrange.Dr.IvánRamírez,seniorheadofconservationatBirdLifeEuropeandcentralAsia,said:

“Thosebirdsthathavebeenlegallyprotectedhavebeendoingbetterthanthosewhicharenotprotected.ThisisareallyimportantmessagewithintheEuropeanUnion.Wehaveoneoftheoldestpolicies–theBirdsDirective–andwecanprovethatitworks.”

Inaddition,astheclimatewarms,forestsarestretchingintonorthernandagriculturalregions.InpartsofnorthernEurope,therehasalsobeentreeplanting（mainlyforwoodandpaper）andlandabandonment（specificallyinMediterraneanareas）,whichbenefitedmanywoodlandspeciessuchaswoodpeckersandwarblersbutcauseddamagetoanumberofotherspeciesaswell.Theresearchshowsatotalof25%ofbirdsnowoccupyasmallerarea.

Generally,farmlandbirdsarebiggerlosers,sufferingoveralldeclinesinpopulationandreduceddistributionbecauseagriculturalintensificationmeansthereislessfood,suchasinsectsandremainderfromharvesting.TheStateofNatureintheEU2013-2018assessmentshowed80%ofkeyhabitatswereinpoororbadcondition,andintensivefarmingisamajordriverofdecline.TheUK’sfarmlandbirdshavedeclinedby55%since1970.

“Predictably,therearewinnersandlosers.WecanseehowsomespecieshaveexpandedacrossthecontinentrapidlyandhavebeguntocolonizeUKwetlands.Incontrast,wecanseerangesshrinkingasspeciesofnorthernEuropefeeltheimpactofclimatechange,andspeciessuchasthedotterelaredeclininginnumbersandrangeinnorthernBritain,”hesaid.

参考答案：

Europeanbirdpopulationshavechangeddramaticallyduetoclimatechangeandhumanintervention.Overone-thirdofbirdshaveexpandedbreedingrange,especiallythoselegallyprotected.Globalwarmingenablesforeststoexpandfurther,benefitingwoodlandinhabitants.However,intensivefarmingandclimatechangecausedreducednumberandrangeofsomebirdspecies,farmlandbirdsinparticular.（54）

2021虹口区一模

WanttobeaSmartGiftGiver?

Duringallkindsofholidays,millionsofpeoplewillbuygiftsforlovedones,whichisgreatexceptthattonsofthosepeoplewillmakethesameglaringmistake,andbuythewronggifts.What’sgoingon?

Giftbuyinghasbecomeadeceivinglyselfishpursuit.Wedon’tactuallylookforthingspeoplewanttoreceive.Instead,wetendtolookforthingsthatwewanttogive.It’sasubtle,butprettysignificantproblem.

Researchhasshownthatgiverstendtovaluethegiftstheybuyconsiderablymorethanreceivers.Giftsarevaluedroughly10to33percentlessbyreceiversthanwhatgiverspaidforthem.JoelWaldfogelnotedthisinScroogenomics:

WhyYouShouldn’tBuyPresentsfortheHolidays,his2009bookongift-giving.

Thedifferenceseemstocomefromasimplemisplacedbeliefthatthoughtfulpresentsarethebestpresents.Theyarenot.Infact,theymightjustbetheworstpresents.Themorethoughtyouputintoapresent,themorelikelyyouaretostrayfrombuyingwhatthepersonyouarebuyingthepresentsforactuallywants.

Inotherwords,peoplelettheirgift-givingegos（自我）getinthewayofgreatpresents,especiallywhenthereceiverissomeonetheywanttoshowtheyknowreallywell.Fortunately,theanswertoourcollectiveinsistenceonguessingwhatpeoplewantissimple:

stopit.

Ifthat’stooimpersonal,there’sanotherhelpfulruleofthumb（经验之谈）.Insteadofbuyingrestrictivegifts,likegiftcardsforspecificstores,buygiftsthatallowforflexibility,likegiftcardsthatcanbeusedmorebroadly（or,betteryet,cash）.Peopletendtoprefergiftcardstoactualgifts,andcashtoboth,Steffelexplained.Steffel’slatestresearch,whichfocusesongiftcardgiving,pointstoexactlythispoint--thatversatility（用途广泛）isthekeytobettergiftgiving.

参考答案：

Althoughmanypeoplebuygiftsduringholidays,somemaychoosethewronggifts.Theybuywhattheywanttogiveinsteadofwhatrecipientsprefer.Asresearchshows,recipientsvalue/appreciategiftsfarlessthangivers.Actually,thoughtfulpresentsturnouttheworstones.Therefore,stoppingbuyinggiftsorpickingflexibleones,preferablycash,maywork.（55w）

2021黄浦区一模

Singapore’sInformationTechnologyStrategy

Singapore’sinformationtechnologystrategyrestsontwomajorlegs.Thefirstlegisworld-classbasicfacilities.Beingacity-state,itisrelativelyeasytoconnecteveryhome,officeandhotelroom.Ourobjectiveistoprovidebroad-bandeverywhere,eitherwiredorwireless.Wewillmakeitareadilyavailableutilitylikewater,electricity,gasandtelephone.Wearewellonourwaythere.Wenowrequire,byregulation,everynewhometobeequippedwithbroad-bandinthesamewayasitisrequiredtohavewaterandelectricity.

ThesecondlegistheeducationofourentirepopulationinIT（informationtechnology）.Likereading,writingandarithmetic,computersarebestlearntwhenweareyo