地质工程专业英语.docx
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地质工程专业英语
1地形地貌geographicandgeomorphic
工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalconditions
地形地貌条件geographicandgeomorphicconditions
地形landform
地貌geomorphology,relief
微地貌microrelief
地貌单元landformunit,geomorphicunit
坡度grade
地形图reliefmap
河谷rivervalley
河道rivercourse
河床riverbed（channel）
冲沟gully,gulley,erosiongully,stream（brook）
河漫滩floodplain（valleyflat）
阶地terrace
冲积平原alluvialplain
三角洲delta
古河道fossilrivercourse,fossilstreamchannel
冲积扇alluvialfan
洪积扇diluvialfan
坡积裙talusapron
分水岭divide
盆地basin
岩溶地貌karstlandfeature,karstlandform
溶洞solutioncave,karstcave
落水洞sinkhole
土洞Karsticearthcave
2地层岩性
地层geostrome（stratum,strata）
岩性lithologiccharacter,rockproperty
岩体 rockmass
岩层bedstratum
岩层layer,rockstratum
母岩matrix,parentrock
相变facieschange
硬质岩strongrock,film
软质岩weakrock
硬质的competent
软质的incompetent
基岩bedrock
岩组petrofabric
覆盖层overburden
交错层理crossbedding
层面beddingplane
片理schistosity
层理bedding
板理（叶理）foliation
波痕ripple-mark
泥痕mudcrack
雨痕raindropimprints
造岩矿物rock-formingminerals
粘土矿物claymineral
高岭土kaolinite
蒙脱石montmorillonite
伊利石illite
云母mica
白云母muscovite
黑云母biotite
石英quartz
长石feldspar
正长石orthoclase
斜长石plagioclase
辉石pyroxene,picrite
角闪石hornblende
方解石calcite
构造structure
结构texture
组构fabric（tissue）
矿物组成mineralcomposition
结晶质crystalline
非晶质amorphous
产状attitude
火成岩igneous
岩浆岩magmaticrock
火山岩（熔岩）lava
火山volcano
侵入岩intrusive（invade）rock
喷出岩effusiverock
深成岩plutonicrock
浅成岩pypabysalrock
酸性岩acidrock
中性岩inter-mediaterock
基性岩basicrock
超基性岩ultrabasicrock
岩基rockbase（batholith）
岩脉（墙）dike
岩株rockstock
岩流rockflow
岩盖rocklaccolith（laccolite）
岩盆rocklopolith
岩墙rockdike
岩床rocksill
岩脉veindyke
花岗岩granite
斑岩porphyry
玢岩porphyrite
流纹岩rhyolite
正长岩syenite
粗面岩trachyte
闪长岩diorite
安山岩andesite
辉长岩gabbro
玄武岩basalt
细晶岩aplite
伟晶岩pegmatite
煌斑岩lamprophyre
辉绿岩diabase
橄榄岩dunite
黑曜岩obsidian
浮岩pumice
火山角砾岩vulcanicbreccia
火山集块岩volcanicagglomerate
凝灰岩tuff
沉积岩sedimentaryrock
碎屑岩clasticrock
粘土岩clayrock
粉砂质粘土岩siltyclaystone
化学岩chemicalrock
生物岩biolith
砾岩conglomerate
角砾岩breccia
砂岩sandstone
石英砂岩quartzsandstone
粉砂岩siltstone
钙质粉砂岩calcareoussiltstone
泥岩mudstone
页岩shale
盐岩saline
石灰岩limestone
白云岩dolomite
泥灰岩marl
泥钙岩argillo-calcareous
泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous
砂质arenaceous
泥质argillaceous
硅质的siliceous
有机质organicmatter
粗粒coarsegrain
中粒medium-grained
沉积物sediment（deposit）
漂石、顽石boulder
卵石cobble
砾石gravel
砂sand
粉土silt
粘土clay
粘粒claygrain
砂质粘土sandyclay
粘质砂土clayeysand
壤土、亚粘土loam
砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandyloam
浮土、表土regolith（topsoil）
黄土loess
红土laterite
泥灰peat
软泥ooze
淤泥mire,oozedmud,sludge,warpclay
冲积物（层）alluvion
冲积的alluvial
洪积物（层）proluvium,diluvium,diluvion
洪积的diluvial
坡积物（层）deluvium
残积物（层）eluvium
残积的eluvial
风积物（层）eoliandeposits
湖积物（层）lakedeposits
海积物（层）marinedeposits
冰川沉积物（层）glacier（drift）deposits
崩积物（层）colluvialdeposits,colluvium
残积粘土residualclay
变质岩metamorphicrock
板岩slate
千枚岩phyllite
片岩schist
片麻岩gneiss
石英岩quartzite
大理岩marble
糜棱岩mylonite
混合岩migmatite
碎裂岩cataclasite
3地质构造
地质构造geologicstructure
结构构造structuraltexture
大地构造geotectonic
构造运动tectogenesis
造山运动orogeny
升降运动verticalmovement
水平运动horizontalmovement
完整性perfection（integrity）
起伏度waviness
尺寸效应sizeeffect
围压效应confiningpressureeffect
产状要素elementsofattitude
产状attitude,orientation
走向strike
倾向dip
倾角dipangle,angleofdip
褶皱 fold
褶曲fold
单斜monocline
向斜syncline
背斜anticline
穹隆dome
挤压squeeze
上盘uppersection
下盘bottomwall,footwall,lowerwall
断距separation
相交intersect
断层fault
正断层normalfault
逆断层reversedfault
平移断层parallelfault
层理bedding,stratification
微层理lightstratification
地堑graben
地垒horst,faultridge
断层泥gouge,pug,selvage,faultgouge
擦痕stria,striation
断裂 fracture
破碎带fracturezone
节理joint
节理组 jointset
裂隙fissure,crack
微裂隙finefissure,microscopicfissure
劈理cleavage
原生裂隙originaljoint
次生裂隙epigeneticjoint
张裂隙tensionjoint
剪裂隙shearjoint
卸荷裂隙reliefcrack
裂隙率fractureporosity
结构类型structuralpattern
岩体结构rockmassstructure
岩块blockmass
结构体structuralelement
块度blockness
结构面structuralplane
软弱结构面weakplane
临空面freeface
碎裂结构cataclastictexture
板状结构platystructure
薄板状lamellose
块状的lumpy,massive
层状的laminated
巨厚层giantthick-laminated
薄层状的finelylaminated
软弱夹层weakintercalatedlayer
夹层interbedding,
intercalatedbed,interlayer,intermediatelayer
夹泥层clayeyintercalation
夹泥inter-clay
连通性connectivity
切层insequent
影响带affectingzone
完整性integrityn.
Integratev.&a.
degreeofintegrality
破碎crumble
胶结cement
泥化argillization
尖灭taper-out
错动diastrophism
错动层面faultedbeddingplane
断续的intermittent
破碎crumble
共轭节理conjugatedjoint
散状loose
透镜状的lens-shapeda.
岩石碎片crag
岩屑cuttings,debris
薄膜membrane,film
层理stratification
高角度highdipangle
缓倾角lowdipangle
反倾anti-dip
互层interbedv.
Interbeddingn.
起伏的unplanar
波状起伏的undulate,undulating
粒径particlesize
构造层tectonosphere
挤压compression
均一的homogeneous
剪切错动面shearfaulted,beddingzone
切割dissection
切割的dissected
致密close,compact
构造岩tectonite
糜棱岩mylonite
断层角砾岩faultbreccia
方解石脉calcitevein
碎块岩clasticrock
角砾breccia
岩粉rockpowder
岩屑debris,debry
固结consolidation
定向排列orientedspread
构造应力tectonicstress
残余应力residualstress
4水文地质条件hydrogeologicalconditions
水文循环hydrologiccycle
大气圈atmosphere
水圈hydrosphere
岩石圈geosphere
地表径流surfacerunoff
地下径流subsurfacerunoff
流域valley,drainagebasin
流域面积drainagearea,riverbasinarea
汇水面积catchmentarea
地下水groundwater,subsurfacewater
地表水surfacewater
大气水atmosphericwater
气态水aqueous（vapour）water
液态水liquidwater
固态水solidwater
上层滞水perchedwater
潜水phreaticwater
承压水confinedwater
吸着水hygroscopic（adsorptive）water
介质medium
空隙void
孔隙水压力porewaterpressure
渗透压力osmoticpressure,seepageforce
扬压力upliftpressure
静水压力hydrostaticpressure
外静水压力 externalhydrostaticpressure
动水压力hydrodynamicpressure
渗透力seepagepressure
外水压力externalwaterpressure
内水压力internalwaterpressure
水力联系hydraulicinterrelation
水力折减系数hydraulicreductioncoefficient
水头损失waterheadloss
渗透途径filtrationpath,seepagepath
渗透系数penetrationcoefficient
潜水位watertablelevel
水位waterlevel,stagelevel
水头waterhead
含水层aquifer
弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard
滞水层aquiclude
透水层permeablelayer,perviouslayer
不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge,imperviouslayer,
impermeablelayer,aquiclude
潜水含水层phreaticaquifer
承压含水层confinedaquifer,artesianaquifer
承压面bearingsurface
潜水面phreaticsurface,watertable
浸润线phreaticcurve
不透水边界imperviousboundary
地下分水岭groundwaterridge
粘滞性viscosity
富水性abundance
透水性（渗透性）permeability
淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation,leaching
反滤层invertedgravelfilter
水锈incrustation
渗滴seep
饱和saturation,saturated
潜水位变化带zoneofvariablephreaticlevel
气象因素meteorologicalfactor
饱水带zoneofsaturation
包气带 aerationzone,zoneofaeration
包气带水aerationzonewater
上层滞水perchedwater
孔隙水porewater
裂隙水fissurewater
岩溶水karsticwater
结合水boundwater,combinedwater
吸着水hydroscopicwater
薄膜水pellicularwater
毛细水capillarywater
重力水gravitationalwater
凝结水condensationwater
地下水埋藏条件conditionofgroundwateroccurrence
地下水埋藏深度depthofgroundwateroccurrence
压水试验packerpermeabilitytest
抽水试验pumpingtest
5物理力学性质
物理力学physicalmechanicsn.
Physico-mechanicala.
屈服准则yieldcriteria
米赛斯屈服准则VonMisesyieldcriteria
朗肯土压力理论Ranking’searthpressuretheory
剑桥模型Cambridgemodel,Cam-model
邓肯-张模型Duncan-changmodel
本构方程constitutiveequation
局部剪切破坏localshearfailure
整体剪切破坏generalshearfailure
岩体完整性指数intactnessindexofrockmass
安全系数factorofsafety
埋深embedmentdepth
试件coupons
挠度deflection
里氏震级Richterscale
设计烈度designintensity
基本烈度basicintensity
场地烈度siteintensity
地震烈度seismicintensity,intensityscale
卓越周期predominantperiod
持力层sustainedyield
超载surcharge
围岩压力surroundingrockstress
附加压力superimposedstress
应力松弛stressrelaxation
应力路迳stresspath
卸荷unload
渗透率specificpermeability
饱和度degreeofsaturation
含水量moisturecontent
平均粒径meandiameter
颗粒grain,granule,particle
颗粒级配distributionofgrain-size,
graincomposition,sizedistribution
级配graduation,
grain-sizedistribution,gradation,grading
粒度coarsenessgrainsize,granularity,lump
不均匀系数coefficientofnon-uniformity,
variationcoefficient,variationfactor
颗粒分级gradation,sizegrading
孔隙水porewater
孔隙比voidratio（ration）
空隙率airvoids
孔隙率porosity
裂隙率crackity
溶隙率karstity
密度density
重度unitweight,bulkweight
浮重度buoyantunitweight
折减系数reductionfactor
压力消散dissipationofpressure
抗力系数coefficientofresistance
软化系数softeningcoefficient
含水量watercontent
稠度consistency
塑限plasticlimit
液限liquidlimit
塑性指数plasticityindex
液性指数liquidityindex
流变rheological
蠕变creep
塑性plastic
脆性brittleness（fragility）
粘性stickness
刚性rigidity
弹性的elastic
粘弹性viso-elasticity
弹塑性elasto-plasticity
压缩性compressibility
均质性homogeneity
非均质性nonhomogeneity（heterogeneity）
各向同性isotropy
各向异性anisotropy
总应力totalstress
有效应力effectivestress
超孔隙水压力excessporepressure
孔隙水压力porewaterpressure
抗压强度compressivestrength
抗拉强度tensilestrength
抗剪强度shearstrength
不排水抗剪强度undrainedshearstrenght
峰值抗剪强度peaksharestrength
长期抗剪强度long-termshearstrength
残余抗剪强度residualshearstrength
负摩擦力negativeskinfriction,dragdown
摩擦角angleoffriction
内摩擦角angleofinternalfriction
外摩擦角angleofexternalfriction
内聚力cohesion
粘聚力cohesion
假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion
粘着力adhesion
摩尔圆Mohr’scircle
包络线envelope
休止角angleofrepose,
angleoffrictio
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