学年高中英语Unit6HelpingPeoplePeriodThreeGrammar.docx

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学年高中英语Unit6HelpingPeoplePeriodThreeGrammar

PeriodThree Grammar&Writing

语法精析

一、被动语态的特殊结构形式

1.带情态动词的被动结构。

其形式为:

情态动词+be+过去分词。

Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebabysitter.

2.有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。

通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为:

Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.

3.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将动词变为“be+过去分词”形式,其余不动。

Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为:

Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.

4.在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。

Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为:

Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.

5.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。

其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.

注意 含有“动词+名词+介词”(如makeuseof,payattentionto,takecareof等)的主动句变为被动句时,有两种方法:

一是把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语;二是把固定动词短语中的名词变为被动句的主语。

Youshouldpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.可改为:

Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto.

或Attentionshouldbepaidtoyourpronunciation.

6.构成被动语态的助动词除了be之外,还可用get。

Hewasknockeddownbyacarandgotkilled.

二、主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物,后面常跟着一个副词。

Thiskindofclothwasheswell.

注意 主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较:

Thedoorwon’tlock.这扇门锁不上。

(指门本身有毛病)

Thedoorwon’tbelocked.门不会锁的。

(指“门没有锁”是人的原因)

2.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词如feel,sound,taste,look,appear,seem,prove等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.

3.在need,want,require,deserve等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).

4.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式。

Thepicturebookiswellworthreading.

5.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.(todo与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。

试比较:

I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?

(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。

6.在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。

这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。

Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout前省略了forme)

7.在too...to...结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.

[即时跟踪]

1.将用被动语态改写下列句子

(1)Theygavemealotofhelp.

Iwasgivenalotofhelp(bythem)./Alotofhelpwasgiventome(bythem).

(2)Myfatherboughtmeamobilephone.

Iwasboughtamobilephonebymyfather./Amobilephonewasboughtformebymyfather.

(3)Isawmanychildrenplayingontheplayground.

Manychildrenwereseenplayingontheplayground.

(4)Heorderedmetofinishtheworkinanhour.

Iwasorderedtofinishtheworkinanhour.

(5)Wecanturnoilintoenergybyburningit.

Oilcanbeturnedintoenergybybeingburned.

2.单句改错

(1)Mydeskmateoftenmakessomesillymistakesandislaughedbytherestoftheclass.laughed后加at

(2)Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometown.去掉been

(3)Themissinggirlwaslastseenplaynearthegarden.play→playing

(4)Abookwasgivenhimasagift.him前加to

(5)Thehouseisbelongedtomygrandfather.isbelonged→belongs

3.用所给词的适当形式完成短文

LinGuangzhaoisastudentatShenzhenYucaiSchool.Thesedays,whenhearrivesatorleavesschool,hisparentsknowitatonce.

(1)IsLinbeingwatched(watch)byhisparents?

ThesecretisasmallcardLinuses.Thebluecard

(2)looks(look)likenothingspecial,butit’sactuallyasmartcard.Lin’sname,studentnumber,bloodtypeandhispicture(3)havebeen/areprinted(print)onit.

“Whenkidspunchthecard(打卡)attheschoolgate,acellphonemessage(4)willbesent(send)totheirparents,”explainsaschoolsecurityguard(保安).“Themessageislike:

DearMumandDad,I(5)havearrived(arrive).”

Thesesmartcards(6)havebeenused(use)inabout10Shenzhenschoolssofar.Schools(7)hope(hope)thecard(8)willmake(make)studentssafer.

Thecard(9)hasbeenwelcomed(welcome)byallparentsbutsomestudentssinceitwasused.SomestudentslikeMaiMin,16,areuncomfortableaboutthecards.“Iusedtoplaysportsafterschool.Butnowwiththecard,Ihavetocallmyparentstotellthemaboutiteverytime.IfeelthatI(10)havebeencontrolled(control)bythecard.”

高考链接

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1.Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut(cut).(2015·重庆,3)

2.Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,butwasheld(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.(2015·湖南,32)

3.Therearestillmanyproblemstobesolved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014·北京,28)

4.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.(2014·安徽,32)

5.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected(connect).(2014·福建,30)

6.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized(recognize).(2014·北京,35)

7.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstobedone/doing(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.(2012·湖南,21)

8.Foodsuppliesinthefloodstrickenareaarerunningout(runout).Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’sleft.(2012·重庆,27)

9.Thismachineisveryeasytooperate(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.(2012·辽宁,29)

10.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilIgetpaid(pay)onFriday.(2012·辽宁,35)

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有一处错误)

1.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ,短文改错)

drank→drunk

2.NowmyfriendAnn,togetherwithme,isgoingtodofieldstudyandthefindingswillbeuseasmaterialsforourresearch.(2012·重庆,短文改错)

use→used

常用句式

1.Thankyouverymuch.

2.Thanksalot.

3.Manythanks.

4.Thankyouforyourhelp.

5.Iappreciateyourhelp.

6.Thanksforlistening.

7.It’sverykindofyou(tohelpme).

8.It’smostthoughtfulofyou.

9.Idon’tknowhowIcanthankyouenough.

10.Manythanksforyourcominghere.

典例展示

假设你是李华,作为选派的交流生在美国某中学学习了一年,其间寄住在Mr.Brown家里,现在刚回到国内。

回国后你发现自己的一本英语词典遗忘在他家,因此需要给他写一封信,请他帮助寄回词典。

信的主要内容如下:

1.感谢在美国期间他所提供的帮助;

2.一本英语词典忘记带回;

3.词典是美国老师送的,非常珍贵;

4.词典很可能丢在卧室的书架上;

5.邮资自己付。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.信的格式已给出,不计入总词数。

DearMr.Brown,

 

Yours,

LiHua

参考词汇:

邮资postage

联想词汇

1.帮某人一个忙dosb.afavor

2.把……遗漏leave...behind

佳作背诵

DearMr.Brown,

I’mnowsafelybackhome.ThankyouverymuchforallthekindnessIgotfromyouduringmystay.Hopeeverythingisfinewithyouthere.

NowIwonderwhetheryoucoulddomeafavor.WhenIcameback,IsuddenlyrealizedthatIhadleftmyEnglishdictionarybehindinyourhome.ItisaratherpreciousgiftthatmyAmericanteachergavetome.Wouldyoupleasebesokindtosenditbacktome?

I’llpayforthepostage.ThedictionarymustbeonthebookshelfinthebedroomIlivedin.Itistheonewitharedcover.

Thankyouagainandgivemybestregardstoyourfamily.

Yours,

LiHua

Ⅰ.用被动语态合并下列句子

1.Theteammembershavetoworktogether.That’swhatthebosstoldthem.

Theteammembersweretoldtoworktogether.

2.Theoldmanwaswanderingaroundthestreets.Thepolicefoundhim.

Theoldmanwasfoundwanderingaroundthestreets.

3.Theworkershaveacceptedlowerwages.Thecompanyhaspersuadedthem.

Theworkershavebeenpersuadedtoacceptlowerwages.

4.Twoyoungmenwerefighting.Wesawthem.

Twoyoungmenwereseenfighting.

5.Thevictimsmaytakelegalaction.That’swhattheirlawyershaveadvisedthem.

Thevictimshavebeenadvisedtotakelegalaction.

6.Thechildrenhadtopickupallthelitter.Theteachermadethemdoit.

Thechildrenweremadetopickupallthelitter.

7.Thewomanwassmugglingcigarettesintothecountry.Customsofficerscaughther.

Thewomanwascaughtsmugglingcigarettesintothecountry.

8.Therefugeescan’tgetajob.Thegovernmentwon’tletthem.

Therefugeesaren’tallowedtogetajob.

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

“Toanotherlittlegirl.”

That’swhat3yearoldArianaofWinterport,MainesaidwhenherfatherJoshSmithaskedwhereherdonated(捐赠的)hairwasgoingtogo.Itwasthenthatthedadoftworealizedhisyoungdaughterhadaheartthatwastoobigforwords.

“Irunacharity(慈善机构)calledExtraLifewhereIplayvideogamestohelpraisemoneyforkids,”hesaid.“Arianahappenedtobesittingnexttomewhenavideowasplaying,showingalittlegirlwhowasbald,lyinginahospitalbedwithtubesinher.”Whentheirdaughtergotcurious,SmithandhiswifeCrystalexplainedhowmedicinemadethechildinthevideoloseherhair.

“Withoutasecondthought,Arianasaid,‘Oh,well,shecanhavesomeofmyhair,’”Smithsaid,“That’swhenmywifetoldmethattherearemanyorganizationsthatwecoulddonateitto.”TheSmithschose“LocksofLove”tosendAriana’sgenerousgifttoachildwithmedicalhairloss.

Aweeklater,Arianawastakentothefamilyhairdresserwhere10incheswascutfromherhair.

“Itwasherfirsthaircut,”SmithtoldABCNews.“Shecouldbesoselflesslikethat.Herfirstreaction(反应)is‘HowaboutmegivingupsomethingthatIhave,soalittlegirlcanfeelpretty?

’”Smithpostedhisdaughter’smovinggestureonhispersonalwebpage,whereithasreceivedalmost645,000viewsinjusttwodays.

“She’lltakeanadultlikeapproach(方式)andit’sreallyamazing,”Smithsaid.“Sheisjustalittlekid,butifsheseessomebodyinneed,shecertainlycaresforthem.ThismadeArianafeelspecialandshe’dcertainlyliketodoitagain.”

9.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJoshSmith?

A.Brave.B.Easygoing.

C.Warmhearted.D.Determined.

答案 C

解析 推理判断题。

根据第二段首句“‘Irunacharity(慈善机构)calledExtraLifewhereIplayvideogamestohelpraisemoneyforkids,’hesaid.”可知JoshSmith管理着一个慈善机构,因此他应该是一个热心的人。

故选C。

10.Arianadecidedtodonateherhairwhen.

A.herfatheradvisedhertodoso

B.shesawasickgirlinavideo

C.shehadherfirsthaircut

D.shevisitedahospital

答案 B

解析 细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句“Arianahappenedtobesittingnexttomewhenavideowasplaying,showingalittlegirlwhowasbald...”以及第三段首句“Withoutasecondthought,Arianasaid,‘Oh,well,shecanhavesomeofmyhair,’”可知,当Ariana在一个视频当中看到一个生病的女孩时,她立即就想捐献自己的头发。

故选B。

11.WhatdoweknowaboutAriana?

A.Shesufferedmedicalhairloss.

B.Herstorydrewwideattentiononline.

C.Shegotlittlesupportfromherparents.

D.Shehascalledonpeopletodonatehairlikeher.

答案 B

解析 细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段最后一句“Smithpostedhisdaughter’smovinggestureonhispersonalwebpage,whereithasreceivedalmost645,000viewsinjusttwodays.”可知,Ariana的故事在网上引起了广泛的关注。

故选B。

B

WongFukwing,aHongKongvolunteer(志愿者)atanorphanage(孤儿院)inYushu,waskilledintheearthquakewhenhewastryingtosaveothersonApril14,2010.

Wongmanagedtorunsafelyoutofthebuildingwithsomechildrenwhenthefirstquakehappenedat7:

50amonApril14,buthewentbackinsidetorescuethreeotherchildrenandthreeteachersinside,althoughheknewthedangerofaftershocks(余震).

At10am,allthechildrenandoneoftheteachersweresaved.However,Wongwasburiedunderthefallenbuildinganddied.Theothertwoteacherswerestillwaitingtoberescued.

46yearoldWongwasatruckdriver,whooftensaidhecouldonlygivehiseffortstoch

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