英语语言学考试十套题.docx

英语语言学考试十套题.docx

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英语语言学考试十套题

英语语言学试题

（1）

11、Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser'skoftherulesofhislanguage.

12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb.

13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsare

formed.

14、Asisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoforma

completestatement,questionorcommand.

15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledcsynonyms.

16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakerto

something'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.

17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownasword

c.

18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction（he+is→he's）,BlackEnglishcandtheformofe.

19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,

whichiscalledthecperiodforfirstlanguageacquisition.

20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,iisaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,

overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.

I

（）21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformfor

anumberofreasons.

（）22、Voicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginboth

ChineseandEnglish.

（）23、Thecompoundwordookstoreistheplacewherebooksaresold.This

indicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeanings

ofitscomponents.

（）24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences（S）andclauses（C）only.

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（）25、Dialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialects

suchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithin

thevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmerican

English.

（）26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolated

andthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversational

implicaturesarise.

（）27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-Europeanlanguagesaremainlyspoken

todayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.

（）28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeech

situationsknownasdomains.

（）29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,

speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.

（）30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirst

language.

二

11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofw________toforma

completestatement,q________orcommand.

12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs__g________.

13.Utteranceisbasedon________________;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceina

realsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.

14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa________,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.

15.Consonantsoundscanbeeitherv________orv__,whileallvowelsoundsarev________.

16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.（）

17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.（）

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）18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.（

19.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalled

）predicate.（

）20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.（

21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinct

）formoflanguage.（

）（22.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。

）23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.（

）24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.（

）25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.（

30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview

31.maximsofqualityandmanner

32.blending

33.sociolect

34.subvocalspeech

35.contrastiveanalysis

英语语言学试题（3）

11.Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeis

calleda_s_______studyoflanguage.

12.Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeets

withany_o________whenasoundisproduced.

13.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoform

wordsarecalled_b________morphemes.

14.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Forexample,theNPheboywholikeshispuppyconsistsofDet,Nand

S,withDetbeingthe_s________,NtheheadandSthecomplement.

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15.AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,osuggestthatsomeoneshouldseethedoctor

shouldfallintothecategoryof_d________.

16.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismore

generalinmeaningiscalled_s________.

17.Vowelscanbenasalized.Thevowelnasalizationruleisan_a________rule,which,forthemostpart,iscaused

byarticulatoryorphysiologicalprocessinwhichsuccessivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,toone

another.

18.Onemarkofaninformalstyleisthefrequentoccurrenceof_s________wordsandexpressions,whichmake

senseonlytothepeopleofparticularsocialgroupsandserveasamarkofmembershipandsolidaritywithina

givensocialgroup.

19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called_h________,oneontherightandoneonthe

left.

20.Linguistsoftenusethetermnativelanguageormothertongueinsteadoffirstlanguage,and_t________

languageinsteadofsecondlanguageinsecondlanguageacquisitionliterature.

21.（）Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage

andthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.

22.（）Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionof

speechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.

23.（）Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.

24.（）Sentencesarenotformedbyrandomlycombininglexicalitems,butbyfollowingasetofsyntacticrules

thatarrangelinguisticelementsinaparticularorder.

25.（）Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,

emaleoccursonlyin

nounssuchasmother,womangirligressandsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.

26.（）AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingand

apologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives.

27.（）Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword;

thatis,ignorancesometimescanbecreative.Thuspeddlewasderivedfrompeddleronthemistaken

-4-

assumptionthatthe-erwastheagentivesuffix.

）WomeninWesterncountriesatleastappeartobemorestatus-consciousandsensitivetothesocial28.（

significanceofcertainlinguisticvariables.

）ThecaseofGenieconfirmsthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecritical29.（

periodandconsequently,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop.

）Consciousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdoesensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforeanimmediate30.（

guidanceforactualperformance.

英语语言学试题（5）

11.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisas________study.

12.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyare

collectivelyknownasi________.

13.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword,a________aredividedintotwokinds:

prefixesandsuffixes.

14.P________referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.

15.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions.

16.Theu________meaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.

17.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesina

genealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep________,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathas

ceasedtoexist.

18.R________arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.

19.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknownas

languaget________.

20.Arelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeentheextenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessof

adaptingtothenewcultureoftheL2community.Thisadaptationprocessiscalleda________.

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）

21.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.（

thus22.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,）

makingthetwophonessimilar.（

alwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsofthemeaningofacompoundisoftenidiomatic,23.Semantically,

）

itscomponents.（

whoseoperationmay24.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalledtransformationalrules,

）

changethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.（

）25.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythegenerativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.（

26.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextof

）

languageusewasleftuncons