课时微训练7.docx

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课时微训练7.docx

课时微训练7

课时微训练7

(时间:

45分钟 满分:

41分)

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)

A

(2014·辽宁卷)

Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?

UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarecompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,the_opposite_is_true:

_treessurvivethroughtheircooperationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsit”.

Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi(真菌)networks,makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神经元)inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.

Simardtalksabout“mothertrees”,usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees”withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties”orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.

“Wedid'ttakeanynoticeofit,”Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.”Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.

[语篇解读] 树比我们大多数人曾经想象得都要复杂,树彼此合作和支持,通过营养传递来生存。

1.Theunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue”inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees________.

A.competeforsurvival

B.protecttheirownwealth

C.dependoneachother

D.providesupportfordyingtrees

解析:

细节理解题。

根据文章第二段,可知这里提到达尔文的适者生存的理论,则相反的是树是彼此依赖的。

答案:

C

2.“Mothertrees”areextremelyimportantbecausethey________.

A.lookthelargestinsizeintheforest

B.passonnutritiontoyoungtrees

C.seemmorelikelytobecutdownbyhumans

D.knowmoreaboutthecomplex“treesocieties”

解析:

细节理解题。

根据文章第四段可知mothertrees之所以重要是因为它们将营养传给小树。

答案:

B

3.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto________.

A.how“treesocieties”work

B.howtreesgrowold

C.howforestryindustrydevelops

D.howyoungtreessurvive

解析:

代词指代题。

it出现在文章最后一段,实际上it指代的是第四段提到的内容,人们砍倒快死的mothertrees是不知道树的社会依存关系,可知it指代“树的社会”是怎样运作的。

答案:

A

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.OldTreesCommunicateLikeHumans

B.YoungTreesAreInNeedOfProtection

C.TreesAreMoreAwesomeThanYouThink

D.TreesContributeToOurSociety

解析:

主旨大意题。

根据全文内容,可知文章介绍树和树之间不是你死我活的竞争关系,它们之间相互依赖,快要死的树会将自己的营养传给小树让它们更好的成长。

答案:

C

B

(2014·黑龙江省大庆市高三下学期第三次质量检测)

Hummingbirdsareamongthesmallestofbirds,mostspeciesmeasuringinthe7.5~13cmrange.Individualsfromsomespeciesevenweighlessthanapenny.Theyareknownashummingbirdsbecauseofthehummingsoundcreatedbytheirbeatingwings,whichsometimessoundslikebees.

Hummingbirdscanflyatspeedover54km/h;theyarealsotheonlygroupofbirdswiththeabilitytoflybackwards.Hummingbirdsdonotspendalldayflying,astheenergycostwouldbeprohibitive;themajorityoftheiractivityconsistssimplyofsittingorperching.Hummingbirdsspendanaverageof10~15%oftheirtimefeedingand75~80%sittinganddigesting.

Toconserveenergywhiletheysleeporwhenfoodisscarce,hummingbirdshavetheabilitytogointoahibernation.Whenthenightsgetcolder,theirbodytemperaturecandropsignificantlyandthusslowdowntheirheartandbreathingrate,thusburningmuchlessenergyovernight.Asthedayheatsbackup,thehummingbirds'bodytemperaturewillcomebackupandtheyresumetheirnormalactivity.

Hummingbirdsdrinknectar,asweetliquidinsidecertainflowers.Likebees,theyareabletoassesstheamountofsugarinthenectartheyeat;theyrejectflowertypesthatproducenectarthatislessthan10%sugarandpreferthosewhosesugarcontentishigher.Nectarisapoorsourceofnutrients,sohummingbirdsmeettheirneedsforproteins,vitamins,minerals,ect.bypreyingoninsectsandspiders.Hummingbirdseatmanysmallmealsandconsumeasmuchastwelvetimestheirbodyweightinnectareachday.Hummingbirdsdigesttheirfoodrapidlyduetotheirsmallsizeandhighmetabolism(新陈代谢).

Hummingbirdsaretypicallyveryterritorialwhenitcomestofood;onceahummingbirdfindsaconsistentsourceoffoodsuchasanartificialfeeder,itwillfightoffotherhummingbirdstomaintaincompletedominanceoverthefoodsource.

[语篇解读] 文章介绍了蜂鸟的生活习性。

5.Themainpurposeofthetextisto________.

A.askpeopletoprotecthummingbirds

B.comparedifferentkindsofhummingbirds

C.introducethelivinghabitsofhummingbirds

D.reportanexperimentabouthummingbirds

解析:

主旨大意题。

文章介绍了Hummingbirds(蜂鸟)的身长、体重,速度,居住习惯,饮食习惯等,可知C项符合题干。

答案:

C

6.Thehummingbirdgetsitsnamebecause________.

A.itisassmallasabeeinsizeandweight

B.itfeedsonthesamedietasbees

C.itcantellhowmuchsugariscontainedinitsfoodlikebees

D.itcreatesthehummingsoundbybeatingitswings

解析:

细节理解题。

根据第一段中信息:

Theyareknownashummingbirdsbecauseofthehummingsoundcreatedbytheirbeatingwings,...可知D项正确。

答案:

D

7.Hummingbirdsgointoahibernation________.

A.whenitsmetabolicrateistoohigh

B.toreducetheneedforfood

C.duringthedaytime

D.toadapttothelowtemperature

解析:

推理判断题。

根据第三段中信息:

Toconserveenergywhiletheysleeporwhenfoodisscarce,hummingbirdshavetheabilitytogointoahibernation.可推知,蜂鸟进入冬眠是为了保存能量减少对食物的需求,故选B项。

答案:

B

8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthehummingbird'seatinghabits?

A.Theyareunwillingtosharefoodwitheachother.

B.Theyspendmostoftheirtimefeeding.

C.Theycangetenoughproteinsfromnectar.

D.Theydon'tneedmuchfoodbecauseoftheirsmallsize.

解析:

细节理解题。

根据最后一段中信息:

...onceahummingbirdfindsaconsistentsourceoffood...,itwillfightoffotherhummingbirdstomaintain...thefoodsource.可知A项正确。

答案:

A

Ⅱ.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

(2014·河南省开封市摸底考试)

Alittleboy,whohadgreatfaithinGod,wantedtomeetGodhimself.Hepackedhisbackpackwithsomecookiesandsomejuiceandstartedhisjourney.He__9__(go)aboutthreeblocks,whenhemetanoldwoman.Shewassittinginthepark,just__10__(stare)atsomefallenleavesonthelake.Theboysatdownnexttoherandopenedhisbackpack.Hewasabouttotakeadrinkfromhisjuice__11__henoticedthattheladylookedhungry,soheofferedhersomecookies.She__12__(grateful)acceptedthemandsmiledathim.Hersmilewassoprettythattheboywantedtosee__13__again,soheofferedherabottleofjuice.Onceagainshesmiledathim.Theboywas__14__(delight).Theysatthereallafternooneatingandsmiling,buttheyneversaid__15__word.

Theboy'smotherwassurprisedbyhisjoywhenhereturnedhome.Sheaskedhim,“Whatwasit__16__madeyousohappy?

”Hereplied,“IhadlunchwithGod.Youknowwhat?

She'sgotthemostbeautifulsmileI'veeverseen!

Meanwhile,theoldwoman'ssonwasstunnedbythelookofpeace__17__herfaceandthemothersaidhappily,“IatecookiesintheparkwithGod.Youknow,he'smuch__18__(young)thanIexpected.”

[语篇解读] 这是一篇讲述爱和善良能传递正能量的文章。

一个小男孩在公园里递给了一位老奶奶一些吃和喝的。

当他看到老奶奶脸上的笑容时,他以为他见到了上帝。

然而老奶奶却认为这个懂事有爱心的小男孩就是上帝。

9.解析:

短文通篇使用一般过去时,描述过去发生的事情,故此处也应用一般过去时。

答案:

went

10.解析:

stare与She是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式,在句中作伴随状语。

答案:

staring

11.解析:

他刚要喝一口果汁,就在这时,他注意到老奶奶看起来很饿。

此处是beabouttodo...when结构,故填when,这里when是并列连词。

答案:

when

12.解析:

空处作状语修饰谓语动词accepted,故用grateful的副词形式。

答案:

gratefully

13.解析:

空处指代前面提到的Hersmile,故用it。

答案:

it

14.解析:

空处作表语,且主语是人,故用形容词delighted。

delighted“(感到)高兴的”。

答案:

delighted

15.解析:

他们整个下午都在吃着笑着,但是一句话也没有说。

这里表示泛指,应填不定冠词a。

答案:

a

16.解析:

分析句子成分可知,本句为强调句的特殊疑问句形式,强调的是主语What,故应填that。

答案:

that

17.解析:

thelookonone'sface表示“在某人脸上的表情”,故此处应用介词on。

答案:

on

18.解析:

根据空后的than和空前的much可知,此处应填形容词的比较级。

答案:

younger

Ⅲ.根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

(2014·北京卷)

EvaluatingSources(来源)ofHealthInformation

Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinion,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.__19__

Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.__20__

Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoutcome;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.__21__Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.

Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.__22__Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).

__23__Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.

Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.

A.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.

B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.

C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.

D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.

E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.

F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor'spointofview.

G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhe

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